@article{su_fan_liu_wu_2020, title={Anatomy of the transgressive depositional system in a sediment-rich tide-dominated estuary: The paleo-Yangtze estuary, China}, volume={121}, ISSN={["1873-4073"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104588}, abstractNote={Sediment-rich tide-dominated estuary is generally considered nonexistent or ephemeral under the stable sea-level condition, given the rapid transition to a deltaic system after massive sediments dumping at the river mouth. The well-preserved transgressive sequence in the Yangtze paleo-valley represents an excellent location to examine the interplay between sediment supply, tide action, and sea-level change. To study the Yangtze paleo-valley geomorphological evolution and facies model, four 60-90-m long cores (YD0901, YD0902, YD0903, and CX03) were obtained. Lithological description, grain-size analysis, XRF core scanning, and AMS 14C dating were carried out. The results show that the Yangtze incised valley evolved from a river channel system (before 14.6 ka), through a tidal river (14.6-13 ka), and a tide-dominated estuary (13-8 ka), to a shallow marine (after 8 ka). The paleo-Yangtze estuary displays inner section dominated by muddy heterolithic deposition and the outer section occupied by mud-rich tidal bars and channels, distinctly differing from the well-down small estuaries with sand predominance. A fining-upward facies succession was produced by migration of mud-rich tidal bars in response to post-glacial sea-level rise. These bars are potentially the predecessor of tidal sand ridges on the East China Sea shelf after they were progressively abandoned during the post-glacial sea-level rise and exposed to tidal and storm-wave reworking. This is the first facies model developed from a sediment-rich tide-dominated estuary. This study provides a best example to study evolution of tide-dominated mega-river systems in response to the post-glacial transgression.}, journal={MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY}, author={Su, Jianfeng and Fan, Daidu and Liu, J. Paul and Wu, Yijing}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{li_jia_liu_liu_wang_2020, title={Effect of Wave, Current, and Lutocline on Sediment Resuspension in Yellow River Delta-Front}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2073-4441"]}, DOI={10.3390/w12030845}, abstractNote={Historically, the Yellow River in China discharges > 1 × 109 ton/yr sediment to the sea, and has formed a large delta in the western Bohai Sea. Its river mouth is characterized by an extremely high suspended sediment concentration (SSC), up to 50 g/L. However, the hydrodynamic factors controlling the high suspended sediments in the Yellow River estuary are not well understood. Here, we conducted two hydrodynamic observations and SSC measurements in the winter and spring low-flow seasons of 2014–2015 and 2016–2017 under five sea conditions, including calm-rippled, smooth-wavelet, slight, moderate, and rough, in the Yellow River Delta-front during the observation period. Under calm-rippled conditions, the contribution of currents to the total resuspended sediment concentration (RSC) was 77.7%–100.0%. During the smooth-wavelet and slight periods, the currents’ contribution decreased as low as 30% and 3.0% of the total RSC, respectively. Under moderate and rough-sea conditions, waves accounted for at least 70% and 85% of the total RSC, respectively. The results indicate that 20 cm-thick lutoclines were created after a significant increase in the wave height to a peak value followed by a decrease. When the SSC is over 3 g/L and hydrodynamic conditions could not break the lutoclines, the flocculent settling of suspended sediment changes to hindered settling in the Yellow River Delta. Under hindered settling, the settling velocity decreases, and the resuspended sediments remains in the lutoclines and their lower water layers. This study reveals different controlling factors for the high SSC near a river-influenced delta, and helps us get a better understanding of a delta’s resuspension and settling mechanisms.}, number={3}, journal={WATER}, author={Li, Bowen and Jia, Yonggang and Liu, J. Paul and Liu, Xiaolei and Wang, Zhenhao}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @article{du_xiang_liu_liu_islam_chen_2020, title={The present-day atmospheric dust deposition process in the South China Sea}, volume={223}, ISSN={["1873-2844"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117261}, abstractNote={Modern dust plays essential roles in marine and climate processes, which bring continental material to the ocean and sensitivity in marine ecosystems. However, the atmospheric dust deposition process has rarely been studied in the South China Sea (SCS). Here, we present 51 atmospheric dust samples, collected along the SCS, to investigate the grain size distribution, depositional flux, and features revealed by scanning electron microscopy, combined with 5-day back trajectories to indicate the present-day dust deposition process for the first time. The grain size distribution and depositional flux of aerosol samples illustrate the seasonal trend: coarser particle and higher flux mass in winter than summer. The average grain size is 5.75 μm during winter and 3.62 μm from summer, and the depositional flux in the winter is 1.4 times than that in summer, both are related to the transport pathway and power of the East Asian monsoon. Modeled 5-day back trajectories of dust samples suggest a southwesterly transport pathway in summer and the Southeast Asian monsoon as a possible source of the dust loading, while the northeast winds drove the aeolian dust transport during the winter monsoon from the Asian continent. Meanwhile, westerly circulation conveys the fine particles (~0.63 μm) as the stable terrigenous component into the SCS, deposited through the entire dust deposition process from the atmosphere and water to the surface sediment. Furthermore, the surface of quartz particles from atmospheric dust shows the unique structure in the aeolian environment as a reference to distinguish the different continental components in the sediments. This study provides new insights into the present-day dust deposition process in the SCS, significantly extending the current understanding of the relationship between atmospheric dust and the marginal sea.}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={Du, Shuhuan and Xiang, Rong and Liu, Jianguo and Liu, J. Paul and Islam, G. M. Ariful and Chen, Muhong}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{jia_tian_shi_liu_chen_liu_ye_ren_tian_2019, title={Deep-sea Sediment Resuspension by Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-019-47886-y}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Jia, Yonggang and Tian, Zhuangcai and Shi, Xuefa and Liu, J. Paul and Chen, Jiangxin and Liu, Xiaolei and Ye, Ruijie and Ren, Ziyin and Tian, Jiwei}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
 @article{kuehl_williams_liu_harris_aung_tarpley_goodwyn_aye_2019, title={Sediment dispersal and accumulation off the Ayeyarwady delta - Tectonic and oceanographic controls}, volume={417}, ISSN={["1872-6151"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.margeo.2019.106000}, abstractNote={Recent sediment dispersal and accumulation on the Northern Andaman Sea continental shelf, off the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) and Thanlwin (Salween) Rivers, are investigated using seabed, water column, and high-resolution seismic data collected in December 2017. 210Pb and 137Cs derived sediment accumulation rates are highest (up to 10 cm y−1) in the mid-shelf region of the Martaban Depression, a basin that has formed on the eastern side of the N-S trending Sagaing fault, where rapid progradation of a muddy subaqueous delta is occurring. Landward of the zone of highest accumulation, in the shallow Gulf of Martaban, is a highly turbid zone where the seabed is frequently mixed to depths of ~1 m below the sediment water interface. Frequent resuspension in this area may contribute to the formation of extensive fluid muds in the water column, and consequent re-oxidation of the shallow seabed likely reduces the carbon burial efficiency for an area where the rivers are supplying large amounts of terrestrial carbon to the ocean. Sediment cores from the Gulf of Martban have a distinctive reddish brown coloration, while x-radiographs show sedimentary structures of fine silt laminations in mud deposits, which indicates strong tidal influences. The seaward part of the Martaban Depression off the modern subaqueous delta is covered by relict sediment, with no apparent connection between the modern sediment deposit and the offshore Martaban canyon. On the western side of the Sagaing fault, the “Mouths of the Ayeyarwady” represent a large promontory where the subaerial delta has prograded seaward some ~200 km along the eastern flank of the Indo-Burman range since the Holocene maximum transgression. The shelf area off the “Mouths of the Ayeyarwady” presently exhibits low sediment accumulation rates (~1 cm y−1) and a relative coarse (sandy) texture. The reduced accumulation and coarse texture in the western shelf region at the present time is attributed to frequent wave resuspension, and subsequent transport of finer river-derived sediment eastward (into the Martaban Depression) during the SW Monsoon. A mud drape (accumulation rates <1 cm/yr) is present on the northwestern part of the delta, where some sediment likely escapes the shelf to the deeper Bay of Bengal. In contrast with the Gulf of Martaban, sediments in this mud drape show olive grey coloration, while sedimentary structures are dominated by mottled sandy mud with shells, and occasional sand layers. The mud drape is likely derived from a mixture of local rivers draining westward from the Indo-Burman range, and a contribution from the Ayeyarwady system delivered during the NE monsoon. Overall, the shelf offshore the Ayeyarwady and Thanlwin rivers represents a compound subaqueous delta with marked differences from east to west that are controlled by a combination of oceanographic and tectonic factors.}, journal={MARINE GEOLOGY}, author={Kuehl, Steven A. and Williams, Joshua and Liu, J. Paul and Harris, Courtney and Aung, Day Wa and Tarpley, Danielle and Goodwyn, Mary and Aye, Yin Yin}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{liu_demaster_nittrouer_eidam_nguyen_2017, title={A seismic study of the Mekong subaqueous delta: Proximal versus distal sediment accumulation}, volume={147}, ISSN={0278-4343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.CSR.2017.07.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.csr.2017.07.009}, abstractNote={The Mekong River Delta is one of the largest in Asia. To understand its sediment distribution, thickness, mass budget, stratigraphic sequences and sediment-transport process, extensive geophysical and geochemical surveys were conducted on the inner portions of the adjacent continental shelf. Analyses of > 80 high-resolution Chirp-sonar profiles show the Mekong River has formed a classic sigmoidal cross-shelf clinoform in the proximal areas, up to 15 m thick, with topset, foreset and bottomset facies, but constrained to water depths of < 20 m. Beyond this depth, the East Sea/western South China Sea shelf is dominated by relict silt, sand and gravel with patches of early to middle Holocene mud deposits. Parallel to shore, the Mekong-derived sediment has extended > 250 > 300 km southwestward to the tip of the Ca Mau Peninsula, forming a distal mud depocenter up to 22 m thick, and extending into the Gulf of Thailand. A large erosional trough or channel (up to 8 m deeper than the surrounding seafloor and parallel to the shore) was found on the top of the clinoform, east of the Ca Mau Peninsula. Based on the thicknesses and distribution revealed by Chirp sonar profiles, the total estimated volume of the Mekong River subaqueous clinoform on the shelf is ~120 km3, which is equivalent to ~120–140 × 109 t of sediment using an average sediment dry-bulk density of 1.0–1.2 g/cm3. Assuming the subaqueous deltaic deposit has formed within ~1000 yr, the calculated millennial-timescale average sediment discharge to the shelf could be 120–140 × 106 t per year. Spatially, the proximal subaqueous delta has accumulated ~45 × 109 t (~33%) of sediment; the distal part around the Ca Mau Peninsula has received ~55 × 109 t (~42%) of sediment; and the remaining ~35 × 109 t (~25%) has accumulated within the central transition area, although the coastline and shoreface in this area are presently eroding. The spatially averaged 1000-yr-scale accumulate rate is up to 2 cm/yr. Compared to other tide-dominated fluvial dispersal systems, the Mekong River system has a relatively young (≤1000 yr) subaqueous delta, a shallow rollover at 4–6 m water depth, gentle foreset gradients (0.03–0.57°), and a short cross-shelf dimension of 15–20 km within 20-m water depth. Like the Amazon, Po, and Yangtze rivers, the Mekong River has developed a pervasive along-shelf deposit, which in this case extends > 250 > 300km to the southwest as a result of the superimposed tidal processes, wave-induced resuspension, and a strong low-flow season coastal current.}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liu, J. Paul and DeMaster, David J. and Nittrouer, Charles A. and Eidam, Emily F. and Nguyen, Thanh T.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={197–212} }
 @article{demaster_liu_eidam_nittrouer_nguyen_2017, title={Determining rates of sediment accumulation on the Mekong shelf: Timescales, steady-state assumptions, and radiochemical tracers}, volume={147}, ISSN={0278-4343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.CSR.2017.06.011}, DOI={10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.011}, abstractNote={Thirty-two kasten cores, collected from the proximal Mekong continental shelf, have been analyzed for their excess 210Pb distributions in an effort to establish rates of sediment accumulation over the past 100 years. The length of the cores varied from 0.5 to 3 m, and stations sampled topset, foreset, and bottomset beds (water depths 7–21 m). Apparent excess 210Pb sediment accumulation rates ranged from > 10 cm/y (no down-core decrease of excess activity over 300 cm core length) near the Song Hau river mouth, to 1–3 cm/y in topset and foreset beds within 20–50 km of the river mouth, to rates as low as 0.4 cm/y in cores from bottomset beds. The 210Pb sediment accumulation rates yield an overall sediment burial rate of 6.1 × 1013 g/y for the proximal deltaic deposits, which corresponds to 43% of the total modern Mekong sediment burial on the southern Vietnam shelf (1.4 × 1014 g/y; based on our 210Pb and seismic data and 210Pb data from the literature). This shelf burial rate is in reasonable agreement with current long-term estimates of Mekong River sediment discharge (1.3–1.6 × 1014 g/y) from the literature. The inventory of excess 210Pb in the proximal Mekong deltaic deposits indicates that the shoreward flow of offshore water (entrained during river/ocean mixing) is approximately twice the flow of the Mekong freshwater discharge. Organic-carbon 14C ages were measured on 10 cores from the proximal Mekong delta and compared to 210Pb sediment accumulation rates in the same core. The 210Pb accumulation rates in all 10 cores were considered to be more robust and accurate than the 14C geochronologies, primarily because of down-core variations in the source of organic carbon deposited on the seafloor (old terrestrial carbon versus younger marine carbon). Variations in the source of organic carbon accumulating in the seabed were resolved by measuring the δ13C value of the seabed organic carbon.}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={DeMaster, D.J. and Liu, J.P. and Eidam, E. and Nittrouer, C.A. and Nguyen, T.T.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={182–196} }
 @article{eidam_nittrouer_ogston_demaster_liu_nguyen_nguyen_2017, title={Dynamic controls on shallow clinoform geometry: Mekong Delta, Vietnam}, volume={147}, ISSN={0278-4343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.CSR.2017.06.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.001}, abstractNote={Compound deltas, composed of a subaerial delta plain and subaqueous clinoform, are common termini of large rivers. The transition between clinoform topset and foreset, or subaqueous rollover point, is located at 25–40-m water depth for many large tide-dominated deltas; this depth is controlled by removal of sediment from the topset by waves, currents, and gravity flows. However, the Mekong Delta, which has been classified as a mixed-energy system, has a relatively shallow subaqueous rollover at 4–6-m depth. This study evaluates dynamical measurements and seabed cores collected in Sep 2014 and Mar 2015 to understand processes of sediment transfer across the subaqueous delta, and evaluate possible linkages to geometry. During the southwest rainy monsoon (Sep 2014), high river discharge, landward return flow under the river plume, and regional circulation patterns facilitated limited sediment flux to the topset and foreset, and promoted alongshore flux to the northeast. Net observed sediment fluxes in Sep 2014 were landward, however, consistent with hypotheses about seasonal storage on the topset. During the northeast rainy monsoon, low river discharge and wind-driven currents facilitated intense landward and southwestward fluxes of sediment. In both seasons, bed shear velocities frequently exceeded the 0.01–0.02 m/s threshold of motion for sand, even in the absence of strong wave energy. Most sediment transport occurred at water depths <14 m, as expected from observed cross-shelf gradients of sedimentation. Sediment accumulation rates were highest on the upper and lower foreset beds (>4 cm/yr at <10 m depth, and 3–8 cm/yr at ~10–20 m depth) and lowest on the bottomset beds. Physically laminated sediments transitioned into mottled sediments between the upper foreset and bottomset regions. Application of a simple wave-stress model to the Mekong and several other clinoforms illustrates that shallow systems are not necessarily energy-limited, and thus rollover depths cannot be predicted solely by bed-stress distributions. In systems like the subaqueous Mekong Delta, direction of transport may have a key impact on morphology.}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Eidam, E.F. and Nittrouer, C.A. and Ogston, A.S. and DeMaster, D.J. and Liu, J.P. and Nguyen, T.T. and Nguyen, T.N.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={165–181} }
 @article{li_liu_saito_nguyen_2017, title={Recent evolution of the Mekong Delta and the impacts of dams}, volume={175}, journal={Earth-Science Reviews}, author={Li, X. and Liu, J. P. and Saito, Y. and Nguyen, V. L.}, year={2017}, pages={1–17} }
 @article{wei_dai_mei_liu_gao_li_2017, title={Shoal morphodynamics of the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary: Influences from river damming, estuarine hydraulic engineering and reclamation projects}, volume={386}, journal={Marine Geology}, author={Wei, W. and Dai, Z. J. and Mei, X. F. and Liu, J. P. and Gao, S. and Li, S. S.}, year={2017}, pages={32–43} }
 @article{liu_demaster_nguyen_saito_nguyen_ta_li_2017, title={Stratigraphic Formation of the Mekong River Delta and Its Recent Shoreline Changes}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1042-8275"]}, DOI={10.5670/oceanog.2017.316}, abstractNote={USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: info@tos.org or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. Oceanography THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY}, number={3}, journal={OCEANOGRAPHY}, author={Liu, J. Paul and DeMaster, David J. and Nguyen, Thanh T. and Saito, Yoshiki and Nguyen, Van Lap and Ta, Thi Kim Oanh and Li, Xing}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={72–83} }
 @article{nittrouer_demaster_eidam_nguyen_liu_ogston_phung_2017, title={The Mekong continental shelf: Primary sink for deltaic sediment particles and their passengers}, volume={30}, number={3}, journal={Oceanography}, author={Nittrouer, C. A. and DeMaster, D. J. and Eidam, E. F. and Nguyen, T. T. and Liu, J. P. and Ogston, A. S. and Phung, P. V.}, year={2017}, pages={60–70} }
 @article{li_liu_tian_2016, title={Evolution of the Jiuduansha wetland and the impact of navigation works in the Yangtze Estuary, China}, volume={253}, journal={Geomorphology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, author={Li, X. and Liu, J. P. and Tian, B.}, year={2016}, pages={328–339} }
 @article{ge_liu_xue_chu_2014, title={Dispersal of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) derived sediment in the Holocene}, volume={33}, number={8}, journal={Acta Oceanologica Sinica}, author={Ge, Q. and Liu, J. P. and Xue, Z. and Chu, F. Y.}, year={2014}, pages={1–9} }
 @article{zhou_liu_saito_liu_li_liu_gao_qiu_2014, title={Fluvial system development and subsequent marine transgression in Yellow River (Huanghe) delta and its adjacent sea regions during last glacial maximum to early Holocene}, volume={90}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, author={Zhou, L. Y. and Liu, J. and Saito, Y. and Liu, J. P. and Li, G. X. and Liu, Q. S. and Gao, M. S. and Qiu, J. D.}, year={2014}, pages={117–132} }
 @article{xue_liu_demaster_leithold_wan_ge_nguyen_ta_2014, title={Sedimentary processes on the Mekong subaqueous delta: Clay mineral and geochemical analysis}, volume={79}, ISSN={1367-9120}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.07.012}, DOI={10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.07.012}, abstractNote={Sedimentary processes on the inner Mekong Shelf were investigated by examining the characteristics of sediments sampled in gravity cores at 15 locations, including grain size, clay mineralogy, sediment accumulation rates, and the elemental and stable carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (atomic C/N ratios and δ13C). Deltaic deposits exhibit contrasting characteristics along different sides of the delta plain (South China Sea, SCS hereafter, to the east and Gulf of Thailand, GOT hereafter, to the west) as well as on and off the subaqueous deltaic system. On one hand, cores recovered from the subaqueous delta in the SCS/GOT are consisted of poorly/well sorted sediments with similar/different clay mineral assemblage with/from Mekong sediments. Excess 210Pb profiles, supported by 14C chronologies, indicate either "non-steady" (SCS side) or "rapid accumulation" (GOT side) processes on the subaqueous delta. The δ13C and C/N ratio indicate a mixture of terrestrial and marine-sourced organic matter in the deltaic sediment. On the other hand, cores recovered from areas with no deltaic deposits or seaward of the subaqueous delta show excess 210Pb profiles indicating "steady-state" accumulation with a greater proportion of marine-sourced organic matter. Core analysis's relevance with local depositional environment and previous acoustic profiling are discussed.}, journal={Journal of Asian Earth Sciences}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xue, Zuo and Liu, J. Paul and DeMaster, Dave and Leithold, Elana L. and Wan, Shiming and Ge, Qian and Nguyen, Van Lap and Ta, Thi Kim Oanh}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={520–528} }
 @article{gao_wang_liu_2014, title={Special issue sediment dynamics and related biogeochemical effects in the Eastern China shelf seas preface}, volume={90}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, author={Gao, S. and Wang, H. J. and Liu, J. P.}, year={2014}, pages={1–1} }
 @article{xia_zhang_wang_yin_wegmann_liu_2013, title={Evolution of sedimentary environments of the middle Jiangsu coast, South Yellow Sea since late MIS 3}, volume={23}, ISSN={1009-637X 1861-9568}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S11442-013-1051-5}, DOI={10.1007/s11442-013-1051-5}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Geographical Sciences}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Xia, Fei and Zhang, Yongzhan and Wang, Qiang and Yin, Yong and Wegmann, Karl W. and Liu, J. Paul}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={883–914} }
 @article{liu_kong_saito_liu_yang_wen_2013, title={Subaqueous deltaic formation of the Old Yellow River (AD 1128-1855) on the western South Yellow Sea}, volume={344}, journal={Marine Geology}, author={Liu, J. and Kong, X. H. and Saito, Y. and Liu, J. P. and Yang, Z. S. and Wen, C.}, year={2013}, pages={19–33} }
 @article{xue_he_liu_warner_2012, title={Modeling transport and deposition of the Mekong River sediment}, volume={37}, ISSN={0278-4343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.02.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.csr.2012.02.010}, abstractNote={A Coupled Wave–Ocean–Sediment Transport Model was used to hindcast coastal circulation and fine sediment transport on the Mekong shelf in southeastern Asian in 2005. Comparisons with limited observations showed that the model simulation captured the regional patterns and temporal variability of surface wave, sea level, and suspended sediment concentration reasonably well. Significant seasonality in sediment transport was revealed. In summer, a large amount of fluvial sediments was delivered and deposited near the Mekong River mouth. In the following winter, strong ocean mixing, and coastal current lead to resuspension and southwestward dispersal of a small fraction of previously deposited sediments. Model sensitivity experiments (with reduced physics) were performed to investigate the impact of tides, waves, and remotely forced ambient currents on the transport and dispersal of the fluvial sediment. Strong wave mixing and downwelling-favorable coastal current associated with the more energetic northeast monsoon in the winter season are the main factors controlling the southwestward along-shelf transport.}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xue, Zuo and He, Ruoying and Liu, J.Paul and Warner, John C.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={66–78} }
 @article{xu_li_liu_milliman_yang_liu_kao_wan_xu_2012, title={Provenance, structure, and formation of the mud wedge along inner continental shelf of the East China Sea: A synthesis of the Yangtze dispersal system}, volume={291}, journal={Marine Geology}, author={Xu, K. H. and Li, A. C. and Liu, J. P. and Milliman, J. D. and Yang, Z. S. and Liu, C. S. and Kao, S. J. and Wan, S. M. and Xu, F. J.}, year={2012}, pages={176–191} }
 @article{xue_liu_ge_2011, title={Changes in hydrology and sediment delivery of the Mekong River in the last 50 years: connection to damming, monsoon, and ENSO}, volume={36}, number={3}, journal={Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, author={Xue, Z. and Liu, J. P. and Ge, Q. A.}, year={2011}, pages={296–308} }
 @article{xue_liu_demaster_van nguyen_ta_2010, title={Late Holocene Evolution of the Mekong Subaqueous Delta, Southern Vietnam}, volume={269}, ISSN={0025-3227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.12.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.margeo.2009.12.005}, abstractNote={As Asia's third largest river, with regard to sediment load, the Mekong River delivers approximately 160 million tons of sediment per year to the South China Sea. High-resolution seismic profiling and coring during 2006 and 2007 cruises revealed a low gradient, subaqueous delta system, up to 20 m thick, surrounding the modern Mekong River Delta (MRD) in the west of the South China Sea. Based on clinoform structure, grain size, 210Pb, AMS 14C, and δ13C results, the subaqueous delta is divided into four zones defined by different sedimentary processes and depositional features. Over the past 3000 yr, the evolution of the MRD has shown a morphological asymmetry indicated by a large down-drift area and a rapid progradation around Cape Camau, ∼ 200 km downstream from the river mouth. This asymmetric feature is consistent with increased wave influence. The strong southwestward coastal current, strengthened by the strong NE monsoon, plays an important role locally in longshore transport of resuspended sediments into the Gulf of Thailand. A late Holocene sediment budget for the MRD has been determined, based on the area and thickness of deltaic sediment. Approximately 80% of Mekong delivered sediment has been trapped within the delta area, which, together with a falling sea-level, resulted in a rapidly prograding MRD over the past 3000 yr.}, number={1-2}, journal={Marine Geology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xue, Zuo and Liu, J. Paul and DeMaster, Dave and Van Nguyen, Lap and Ta, Thi Kim Oanh}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={46–60} }
 @article{ge_chu_xue_liu_du_fang_2010, title={Paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum}, volume={29}, number={3}, journal={Acta Oceanologica Sinica}, author={Ge, Q. A. and Chu, F. Y. and Xue, Z. and Liu, J. Paul and Du, Y. S. and Fang, Y. X.}, year={2010}, pages={46–62} }
 @article{chu_zhai_lu_liu_xu_xu_2009, title={A quantitative assessment of human impacts on decrease in sediment flux from major Chinese rivers entering the western Pacific Ocean}, volume={36}, journal={Geophysical Research Letters}, author={Chu, Z. X. and Zhai, S. K. and Lu, X. X. and Liu, J. P. and Xu, J. X. and Xu, K. H.}, year={2009} }
 @article{yu_liu_berné_jia_xiong_dickens_wei_shi_liu_chen_2009, title={Variations in temperature and salinity of the surface water above the middle Okinawa Trough during the past 37kyr}, volume={281}, ISSN={0031-0182}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.002}, abstractNote={East China Sea (ECS) is an important climate modulator of East Asia. In the last glacial period, the global sea level, the path and strength of the Kuroshio Current experienced great changes; combined with the variable volume of fresh run-off input, they made the hydrographic situation in the ECS quite different from nowadays. Based on high-resolution alkenone-sea surface temperature (SST) and oxygen isotope composition of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides sacculifer we reconstructed paleo-sea surface salinity (SSS) of a long piston core DGKS9604 retrieved from the middle Okinawa Trough of the eastern ECS. The δ18O and SST records display significant variations with global ice volume. Synchrony of the millennial-scale climate events like YD and Heinrich events of core DGKS9604 to the ice core from the northern high latitudes, and the synchroneity of deglacial warming with the Bølling–Allerød warming suggests a strong coupling of the SST variations in the marginal Pacific Ocean to the climate of the North Atlantic, most likely through the Asian monsoon atmospheric circulation. The ECS documents lowest SST (22 °C) at ~ 26 cal kyr BP and ~ 3 °C SST difference between the full glaciation (26 to 19 cal kyr BP) and mid-to-late Holocene (6 cal kyr BP–present). The overall long-term hydrographic variations in the middle Okinawa Trough are controlled by temporal and spatial variations in: (i) the intensity and position of the Kuroshio Current, (ii) intensity of the Asian summer monsoon and (iii) sea-level fluctuations coupled with ECS topography. Saline surface water dominated over the middle Okinawa Trough during early pre-glaciation (37 to 31 cal kyr BP), last deglaciation (19 to 11.6 cal kyr BP), and mid-to-late Holocene (6 cal kyr BP–present), whilst freshened surface water prevailed during the late pre-glaciation (31 to 26 cal kyr BP), full glaciation (26 to 19 cal kyr BP) and early Holocene (11.6 to 6 cal kyr BP).}, number={1-2}, journal={Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yu, Hua and Liu, Zhenxia and Berné, Serge and Jia, Guodong and Xiong, Yingqian and Dickens, Gerald R. and Wei, Gangjian and Shi, Xuefa and Liu, J.Paul and Chen, Fajin}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={154–164} }
 @article{xu_milliman_li_paul liu_kao_wan_2009, title={Yangtze- and Taiwan-derived sediments on the inner shelf of East China Sea}, volume={29}, ISSN={0278-4343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.08.017}, DOI={10.1016/j.csr.2009.08.017}, abstractNote={X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogical and grain-size analyses indicate that inner continental shelf sediments in the East China Sea (ECS) represent a unique mixing of clays derived from the Yangtze River and silts/sands from small western Taiwanese rivers. Taiwanese (e.g., Choshui) clays (<2 μm) display no smectite but the best illite crystallinity and are only distributed along southeastern Taiwan Strait. Both Yangtze and Taiwanese river clays are illite-dominated, but the poor illite crystallinity and the presence of smectite and kaolinite indicate that Taiwan Strait clays are mainly Yangtze-dominated. In contrast, medium silts (20–35 μm) and very fine sands (63–90 μm) in the Taiwan Strait are characterized by low feldspar/quartz, low K-feldspar/plagioclase and high kaolinite/quartz, indicating their provenance from Taiwanese rivers. Taiwanese silts and sands are introduced primarily by the way of typhoon-derived floods and transported northward by the Taiwan Warm Current during summer–fall months. Yangtze clays, in contrast, are widely dispersed southward about 1000 km to the western Taiwan Strait, transported by the China Coastal Current during winter–spring months. Since most Taiwan Strait samples were collected in May 2006, clay results in this paper might only represent the winter–spring pattern of the dispersal of Yangtze sediments.}, number={18}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xu, Kehui and Milliman, John D. and Li, Anchun and Paul Liu, J. and Kao, Shuh-Ji and Wan, Shiming}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={2240–2256} }
 @article{liu_liu_xu_milliman_chiu_kao_lin_2008, title={Flux and fate of small mountainous rivers derived sediments into the Taiwan Strait}, volume={256}, ISSN={0025-3227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.007}, abstractNote={High-resolution CHIRP sonar profiles across the Taiwan Strait reveal a large silt–sand-dominated deltaic clinoform, up to 50-m thick, overlying the postglacial transgressive sea floor across the southeastern, central, and northern strait. Delta-like configuration and internal depositional sequences indicate a northwestward progradation from western Taiwan, primarily from the Choshui (Zhuoshui) River. Grain-size and mineral data confirm the sediment's Taiwanese derivation. The CHIRP profiles, together with existing radiocarbon and geomagnetic dates, suggest that the clinoform has formed over the past 10 kyr. The estimated volume of 375 km3 of sediment (mainly sand and silt) suggests a mean annual accumulation of 60 × 106 t/yr. Presumably much of fine mud delivered by Taiwanese rivers has been washed away by the local currents, and escaped either northeastward into the Southern Okinawa Trough or southward into the South China Sea. Numerous shallow borings onshore over the central western Taiwan coastal plain reveal an additional 350 km3 of fluvial sediment that has accumulated over the past 10 kyr. The combined onshore–offshore Holocene accumulation, together with an unknown amount of finer sediment that escapes the system, indicates that the long-term sediment flux from Western Taiwanese rivers exceeds 100 × 106 t/yr, which is not different from the present-day combined annual discharges from the Choshui, Tsengwen, Ehrjen and Wu rivers into the Taiwan Strait.}, number={1-4}, journal={Marine Geology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liu, J.P. and Liu, C.S. and Xu, K.H. and Milliman, J.D. and Chiu, J.K. and Kao, S.J. and Lin, S.W.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={65–76} }
 @article{wang_yang_wang_saito_liu_2008, title={Reconstruction of sediment flux from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) to the sea since the 1860s}, volume={349}, ISSN={0022-1694}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.005}, abstractNote={The Changjiang (Yangtze River) has been effectively gauged since the 1950s and demonstrates the transformation of a river system due to intensified human activities in its drainage basin over the past 50 yr. However, the 50-yr measurements of water and sediment are inadequate to show the long-term trend of sediment flux from the river to the sea or to capture the transition from natural to human dominance over the sediment flux. In this study we used the existing water discharge and sediment load records (1950s–2005) at the Hankou gauging station, together with water discharge recorded since 1865 at the same station, to reconstruct the changes of sediment flux to the sea since the 1860s. We established rating curves between stream discharge and suspended sediment concentration from the recent 50-yr data sets, which show that human disturbances have had a substantial impact on rating parameters. The commissioning of dams and undertaking of soil-conservation works have decreased sediment supply, leading to a decrease in the rating coefficient a of the rating curve equation Cs = aQb. The decreases in suspended sediment concentration have increased the erosive power of the river, and hence increased the rating exponent b. In particular, the commissioning of the Three Gorges Reservoir in 2003 resulted in a further increase of b, and channel scour in the middle and lower reaches has increased sediment flux to the sea to a level higher than sediment supply from the upper reaches. Our results suggest that the rating curves derived from 1954 to 1968 data are appropriate for estimating sediment loads for the period from 1865 to 1953, since both were periods of minimal human disturbance. This approach provides a time series of sediment loads from 1865 to 2005 at Hankou gauging station, which yields a time series of sediment flux from the Changjiang to the sea over the past 140 yr. The estimated mean annual sediment flux to the sea between 1865 and 1968 was ∼488 Mt/yr, a comparable result to the previously published estimate from Milliman and Syvitski [Milliman, J.D., Syvitski, J.P.M., 1992. Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: the importance of small mountainous rivers. Journal of Geology 100, 525–544] and to that from an equation proposed by Syvitski and Morehead [Syvitski, J.P.M, Morehead, M.D., 1999. Estimating river-sediment discharge to the ocean: application to the Eel margin, northern California. Marine Geology 154, 13–28]. The long-term variation of annual sediment flux from the Changjiang to the sea shows a transition from a river system mostly dominated by nature (the monsoon-dominated period, 1865–1950s) to one strongly affected by human activities (the human-impacted period, 1950s–present).}, number={3-4}, journal={Journal of Hydrology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, Houjie and Yang, Zuosheng and Wang, Yan and Saito, Yoshiki and Liu, J. Paul}, year={2008}, month={Feb}, pages={318–332} }
 @article{yang_liu_2007, title={A unique Yellow River-derived distal subaqueous delta in the Yellow Sea}, volume={240}, ISSN={0025-3227}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.02.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.margeo.2007.02.008}, abstractNote={Newly acquired high-resolution Chirp sonar profiles reveal a unique Yellow River-derived, alongshore distributed, bidirectional (landward and seaward) across-shelf transported, omega-shaped ("Ω") distal subaqueous deltaic lobe deposited around the eastern tip of the Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea. This clinoform deposit directly overlies the postglacial transgressive surface, featured by convex-up seafloor morphology, up to 40 m thick locally. Radiocarbon-14 dates from the underlain pre-Holocene and transgressive sediments indicate this distal lobe has formed since the middle-Holocene highstand under a relatively stable sea level. This along-shelf distributed distal clinoform has been deposited mainly by the resuspended Yellow River sediments carried down by the coastal current, interacting with the local waves, tides and upwelling. Collectively, over the past 7000 years, nearly 30% of the Yellow River-derived sediment has been re-suspended and transported out of the Bohai Sea into the Yellow Sea. Overall, the Yellow River-derived sediment could reach the − 80 m water depth in the central South Yellow Sea, about 700 km from the river mouth; in contrast, a very small fraction of the modern riverine sediment could escape the outer shelf or reach the Okinawa Trough.}, number={1-4}, journal={Marine Geology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yang, Z.S. and Liu, J.P.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={169–176} }
 @article{liu_xu_li_milliman_velozzi_xiao_yang_2007, title={Flux and fate of Yangtze river sediment delivered to the East China Sea}, volume={85}, number={3-4}, journal={Geomorphology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, author={Liu, J. P. and Xu, K. H. and Li, A. C. and Milliman, J. D. and Velozzi, D. M. and Xiao, S. B. and Yang, Z. S.}, year={2007}, pages={208–224} }
 @article{liu_berné_saito_yu_trentesaux_uehara_yin_paul liu_li_hu_et al._2007, title={Internal architecture and mobility of tidal sand ridges in the East China Sea}, volume={27}, ISSN={0278-4343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.03.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.csr.2007.03.002}, abstractNote={On the basis of bathymetric and seismic data and data from piston cores collected by the Chinese–French marine geology and geophysics investigation of 1996, we discuss the internal architecture and mobility of tidal sand ridges in the East China Sea (ECS). We characterized the sand ridges on the middle to outer shelf of the ECS as tide-dominated sand ridges with southwest dipping beds, indicating that the regional net sediment transport is toward the southwest. As the sand ridges gradually migrate toward the southwest, new sand ridges are continually replacing old ones, and several generations of sand ridges have developed in the study area. High-resolution seismic data, acoustic Doppler current profiler data, and two 14C-dated piston cores, DGKS9614 and DGKS9612—from a sand ridge swale and crest, respectively—show that these sand ridges, which are at water depths of 90–100 m, have been migrating for the last ca. 2–3 kyr at least, though these ridges have previously been interpreted as moribund or relict. Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of seismic profiles and core data show that tidal ridges in the ECS evolved from muddier sand ridges formed during the last transgression to sandier shelf sand ridges in response to the shoreline retreat, which resulted in a decrease of riverine muddy sediments and recycling of sandy materials by tidal currents. Most active sand ridge formation occurred during the last transgression, but the present sand ridges on the middle to outer shelf are still being influenced by the modern hydrodynamics. Therefore, these sand ridges on the ECS shelf should be referred to as “quasi-active sand ridges” rather than as moribund or relict sand ridges.}, number={13}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liu, Zhenxia and Berné, Serge and Saito, Yoshiki and Yu, Hua and Trentesaux, Alain and Uehara, Katsuto and Yin, Ping and Paul Liu, J. and Li, Chaoxing and Hu, Guanghai and et al.}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={1820–1834} }
 @article{milliman_lin_kao_liu_liu_chiu_lin_2007, title={Short-term changes in seafloor character due to flood-derived hyperpycnal discharge: Typhoon Mindulle, Taiwan, July 2004}, volume={35}, number={9}, journal={Geology (Boulder, Colo.)}, author={Milliman, J. D. and Lin, S. W. and Kao, S. J. and Liu, J. P. and Liu, C. S. and Chiu, J. K. and Lin, Y. C.}, year={2007}, pages={779–782} }
 @article{wang_yang_saito_liu_sun_wang_2007, title={Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment load (1950–2005): Impacts of climate change and human activities}, volume={57}, ISSN={0921-8181}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.003}, abstractNote={The sediment load delivered from the Huanghe (Yellow River) to the sea has decreased sharply to 0.15 × 109 metric tons per year (0.15 Gt/yr) between 2000 and 2005, and now represents only 14% of the widely cited estimate of 1.08 Gt/yr. The river seems to be reverting to the pristine levels characteristic of the middle Holocene, prior to human intervention. Datasets from 1950 to 2005 from four key gauging stations in the main stream reveal distinct stepwise decreases in sediment load, which are attributed to both natural and anthropogenic impacts over the past 56 yr. Completions of two reservoirs, Liujiaxia (1968) and Longyangxia (1985), in the upper reaches of the river and their joint operations have resulted in stepwise decreases in sediment load coming from the upper reaches. Effective soil conservation practices in the middle reaches since the late 1970s, combined with the operation of the Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs, have also caused stepwise decreases in sediment load at Huayuankou in the middle reaches, but the decrease differs from that observed in the upper reaches. Decrease in precipitation is responsible for 30% of the decrease in sediment load at Huayuankou, while the remaining 70% is ascribed to human activities in the river basin, of which soil conservation practices contribute 40% to the total decrease. Sediment retention within reservoirs accounts for 20% of the total sediment load decrease, although there was notable sediment retention within the Xiaolangdi reservoir from 2000 to 2005. The remaining 10% of the decrease in sediment load is a result of the operation of reservoirs in the upper reaches. In the lower reaches, 20% of the sediment passing Huayuankou has been lost as a result of channel deposition and water abstraction. Soil conservation practices and the operation of reservoirs have lowered the content of coarser sediment (D > 0.05 mm) at Huayuankou, and reduced channel deposition in the lower reaches. In contrast, sediment loss owing to water abstraction in the lower reaches has increased considerably as water consumption for agricultural needs has increased. Therefore, the combined effects of climate change and human activities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches have resulted in stepwise decreases in the sediment load delivered from the Huanghe to the sea. The Huanghe provides an excellent example of the altered river systems impacted by climate change and extensive human activities over the past 56 yr. Further dramatic decreases in sediment load and water discharge in the Huanghe will trigger profound geological, morphological, ecological, and biogeochemical responses in the estuary, delta, and coastal sea.}, number={3-4}, journal={Global and Planetary Change}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Wang, Houjie and Yang, Zuosheng and Saito, Yoshiki and Liu, J. Paul and Sun, Xiaoxia and Wang, Yan}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={331–354} }
 @article{xiao_li_liu_chen_xie_jiang_li_xiang_chen_2006, title={Coherence between solar activity and the East Asian winter monsoon variability in the past 8000 years from Yangtze River-derived mud in the East China Sea}, volume={237}, number={4-Feb}, journal={Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology}, author={Xiao, S. B. and Li, A. C. and Liu, J. P. and Chen, M. H. and Xie, Q. and Jiang, F. Q. and Li, T. G. and Xiang, R. and Chen, Z.}, year={2006}, pages={293–304} }
 @article{liu_li_xu_velozzi_yang_milliman_demaster_2006, title={Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea}, volume={26}, ISSN={0278-4343}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.013}, DOI={10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.013}, abstractNote={A predominant sigmoidal clinoform deposit extends from the Yangtze River mouth southwards 800 km along the Chinese coast. This clinoform is thickest (∼40 m) between the 20 and 30 m isobaths and progressively thins offshore, reaching water depths of 60 and 90 m and distances up to 100 km offshore. Clay mineral, heavy metal, geochemical and grain-size analyses indicate that the Yangtze River is the primary source for this longshore-transported clinoform deposit. 210Pb chronologies show the highest accumulation rates (>3 cm/yr) occur immediately adjacent to the Yangtze subaqueous delta (north of 30 °N), decreasing southward alongshore and eastward offshore. The interaction of strong tides, waves, the China Coastal Current, winter storms, and offshore upwelling appear to have played important roles in trapping most Yangtze-derived sediment on the inner shelf and transporting it to the south.}, number={17-18}, journal={Continental Shelf Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liu, J.P. and Li, A.C. and Xu, K.H. and Velozzi, D.M. and Yang, Z.S. and Milliman, J.D. and DeMaster, D.J.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={2141–2156} }