@article{miller_shih_chang_ballard_1997, title={An E-coli B mutation, rpoB5081, that prevents growth of phage T4 strains defective in host DNA degradation}, volume={157}, DOI={10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12760.x}, abstractNote={An E. coli B Tab strain, EM121, was isolated that restricts T4 denA (DNA endonuclease II) mutants at 37 degrees C and above, but is permissive for wild-type T4 at all temperatures examined. At 42 degrees C, other mutants affected in nucleic acid metabolism (T4 dexA, regA and uvsW strains) are also restricted. Genetic analysis revealed that one mutation (rpoB5081) in the RNA polymerase beta subunit gene is sufficient for restricting all denA mutants. rpoB5081, together with a second linked mutation, is also required for restricting the other T4 mutants, rpoB5081 (P806S), previously shown to increase transcription termination in E. coli K-12, causes delayed synthesis of T4 late proteins and reduced DNA synthesis in denA infections. Thus, T4 DNA synthesis and gene expression are impaired by the rpoB5081 beta subunit when degradation of host DNA is reduced. Because the restricted T4 mutants are not readily distinguished from wild-type phage under typical plating conditions, EM121 is an important host for screening and mapping T4 denA mutations.}, number={1}, journal={FEMS Microbiology Letters}, author={Miller, Eric and Shih, G. C. and Chang, S. K. and Ballard, D. N.}, year={1997}, pages={109–116} }
 @article{chang_hassan_1997, title={Characterization of superoxide dismutase in Streptococcus thermophilus}, volume={63}, number={9}, journal={Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, author={Chang, S. K. and Hassan, H. M.}, year={1997}, pages={3732–3735} }
 @article{shi_chang_raman_1997, title={Interaction between Hurricane Florence (1988) and an upper-tropospheric westerly trough}, volume={54}, ISSN={["0022-4928"]}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<1231:IBHFAA>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract The Naval Research Laboratory’s limited-area numerical prediction system, a version of Navy Operational Regional Atmospheric Prediction System, was used to investigate the interaction between Hurricane Florence (1988) and its upper-tropospheric environment. The model was initialized with the National Meteorological Center (now the National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/Regional Analysis and Forecasting Systems 2.5° analysis at 0000 UTC 9 September 1988, enhanced by a set of Omega dropwindsonde data through a three-pass nested-grid objective analysis. Diagnosis of the 200-mb level structure of the 12-h forecast valid for 1200 UTC 9 September 1988 showed that the outflow layer was highly asymmetric with an outflow jet originating at approximately 3° north of the storm. In agreement with the result of an idealized simulation (Shi et al. 1990), there was a thermally direct, circum-jet secondary circulation in the jet entrance region and a thermally indirect one in a reversed direction in the ...}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES}, author={Shi, JJ and Chang, S and Raman, S}, year={1997}, month={May}, pages={1231–1247} }
 @article{chang_brooks_monteiroriviere_riviere_1995, title={ENHANCING OR BLOCKING EFFECT OF FENVALERATE ON THE SUBSEQUENT PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN-VITRO}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0048-3575"]}, DOI={10.1006/pest.1995.1021}, abstractNote={Abstract The percutaneous absorption of pesticides has been receiving much research attention. However, most work is conducted with single exposures and potential interactions of previous pesticide exposure have received little attention. In the present study, the effect of in vivo pretreatment of the skin with a 3% fenvalerate in ethanol or a 3% parathion in ethanol solution on carbaryl, fenvalerate, lindane, and parathion absorption was studied in vitro using weanling pig skin in a flowthrough diffusion cell system. Concentrations of 40 or 400 μg/cm2 of carbaryl, fenvalerate, lindane, and parathion in ethanol were applied topically. Environmental conditions of air and perfusate temperature (37°C), relative humidity (60%), flow rate (4 ml/hr), and Kreb′s-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with 4.5% bovine serum albumin medium were controlled. The total absorption of these pesticides, both ethanol control and fenvalerate or parathion pretreated, increased proportionally with the dose; however, the absorption efficiency (fraction of applied dose absorbed) decreased as the dose increased. At both doses, fenvalerate pretreatment had little or no effect on carbaryl and fenvalerate absorption; however, parathion absorption was significantly decreased in fenvalerate-pretreated skin (P}, number={3}, journal={PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY}, author={CHANG, SK and BROOKS, JD and MONTEIRORIVIERE, NA and RIVIERE, JE}, year={1995}, month={Mar}, pages={214–219} }