@article{lee_sung_locke_taliercio_whetten_zhang_carter_burton_mian_2019, title={Registration of USDA‐N6003LP Soybean Germplasm with Low Seed Phytate}, volume={13}, ISSN={1936-5209 1940-3496}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2018.09.0064crg}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2018.09.0064crg}, abstractNote={Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal is the main source of protein in poultry and swine rations worldwide. Phytate, the main storage form of phosphorous in soybean meal, is largely indigestible by monogastric animals and, thus, a major concern both for nutrition and for environmental pollution. USDA‐N6003LP (Reg. no. GP‐435, PI 689999) is a low‐phytate (LP) determinate, lodging‐resistant early maturity group (MG) VI soybean germplasm developed and released jointly by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. USDA‐N6003LP is derived from a backcross (BC1) between recurrent parent ‘NC‐Roy’ and LP donor line USDA CX1834. NC‐Roy is a high‐yielding MG VI cultivar adapted to the southern United States. USDA‐N6003LP has 60% lower phytate and 4.8 times higher inorganic phosphorus (Pi) contents in its seed than the seed of NC‐Roy. It matures approximately 5 d earlier and has larger seed size and better lodging resistance ( P < 0.05) compared with NC‐Roy. Across 17 environments in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States and over four local yield trials in North Carolina, USDA‐N6003LP yielded 91 and 97% of NC‐Roy, respectively. Field emergences of this line in four tests in NC were 79 to 80% compared with 89 to 90% for NC‐Roy. USDA‐N6003LP is the first early MG VI LP germplasm release with good agronomic performance and relatively normal field emergence. It will be useful as parental stock for soybean breeders interested in developing LP soybean cultivars.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Plant Registrations}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lee, Sungwoo and Sung, Mikyung and Locke, Anna and Taliercio, Earl and Whetten, Rebecca and Zhang, Bo and Carter, Thomas E., Jr. and Burton, Joseph W. and Mian, M. A. Rouf}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={427–432} }
 @article{recker_burton_cardinal_miranda_2014, title={Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations of Quantitative Traits in Two Long-Term, Randomly Mated Soybean Populations}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2013.07.0447}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Recker, Jill R. and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea and Miranda, Lilian}, year={2014}, pages={939–943} }
 @article{recker_burton_cardinal_miranda_2013, title={Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Two Long-Term Randomly Mated Soybean Populations: I. Genetic Variances}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2012.10.0573}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Recker, Jill R. and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea and Miranda, Lilian}, year={2013}, pages={1375–1383} }
 @article{feng_burton_carter_miranda_st martin_brownie_2011, title={Genetic Analysis of Populations Derived from Matings of Southern and Northern Soybean Cultivars}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2010.12.0718}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Feng, L. and Burton, J. W. and Carter, T. E., Jr. and Miranda, L. M. and St Martin, S. K. and Brownie, C.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={2479–2488} }
 @article{israel_taliercio_kwanyuen_burton_dean_2011, title={Inositol Metabolism in Developing Seed of Low and Normal Phytic Acid Soybean Lines}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2010.03.0123}, abstractNote={While inositol has key roles in phytic acid and raffinosaccharide synthesis, its concentration in developing seed of low phytic acid soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines derived from CX1834 (Wilcox et al., 2000) has not been compared to that of normal lines. Concentrations of metabolites in the phytic acid and raffinosaccharide biosynthesis have been measured in mature seed of CX1834‐derived lines but not throughout seed development. Our objective was to compare concentrations of inositol and metabolites associated with phytic acid and raffinosaccharide synthesis in developing seed of CX1834‐derived and normal lines. Plants were cultured with complete nutrient solutions in growth chambers with 650 to 700 μmol m−2 s−1 of photosynthetically active radiation and a 26/22°C day/night temperature. Seed inositol concentrations were high (60 to 90 mmol kg−1 seed dry wt.) at 20 d after flowering (DAF) and decreased 95% by maturity in both normal and low phytic acid lines. In two of three experiments, low phytic acid lines had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater seed inositol concentrations than normal lines at the first two sampling dates, but differences at maturity were not significant. Seeds of low phytic acid and normal lines had statistically similar concentrations (p > 0.05) of partially phosphorylated inositol intermediate (inositol triphosphate [IP3]), stachyose, raffinose, and phytase activity throughout development. These results corroborate previous studies that ruled out defects in genes coding myo‐inositol‐1‐P synthase, inositol kinases, and phytase as the basis for the low seed phytic acid trait in CX1834‐derived lines.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Israel, Daniel W. and Taliercio, Earl and Kwanyuen, Prachuab and Burton, Joseph W. and Dean, Lisa}, year={2011}, pages={282–289} }
 @article{cardinal_burton_camacho-roger_whetten_chappell_bilyeu_auclair_dewey_2011, title={Molecular Analysis of GmFAD3A in Two Soybean Populations Segregating for the fan, fap1, and fap(nc) Loci}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2010.08.0500}, abstractNote={Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have undesirable levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their oil that result in oxidative instability and poor flavor. The process of hydrogenation improves the stability but creates undesirable trans fats. Lines carrying fan genes have decreased linolenic acid (18:3) content. Changes in transcription or activity of the desaturase encoded by the GmFAD3 gene cause a reduction in 18:3 content in certain lines. The objectives of this study were to determine the molecular basis of the fan allele in PI 123440, develop molecular markers to assay for the GmFAD3 gene in lines carrying fan(PI 123440), and estimate the variation in the 18:3 explained by the GmFAD3A locus. Sequence analysis of the GmFAD3A from ‘Soyola’, the fan(PI 123440) allele, and ‘Dare’ showed no sequence polymorphisms that would alter the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. RNA blot analysis of a low‐18:3 line carrying a fan(PI 123440) allele, a line with normal 18:3 content, and three of their progenies showed a decrease in steady‐state FAD3A RNA levels in low‐18:3 lines. A marker for GmFAD3A was tested in two populations segregating for fan(PI 123440). Lines homozygous the GmFAD3A allele inherited from PI 123440 had a significant reduction in 18:3 when compared to lines homozygous for the GmFAD3A allele from the normal 18:3 parent. The differences between the two groups explained more than 77.5% of the genetic variation in 18:3 seed‐oil content in the populations. In summary, a reduction in the steady‐state mRNA levels of the GmFAD3A leads to a reduction in 18:3 synthesis within the developing seed in plants containing the fan(PI 123440) allele.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Burton, Joseph W. and Camacho-Roger, Ana Maria and Whetten, Rebecca and Chappell, Andrew S. and Bilyeu, Kristin D. and Auclair, Jerome and Dewey, Ralph E.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={2104–2112} }
 @article{carter_koenning_burton_rzewnicki_villagarcia_bowman_arelli_2011, title={Registration of 'N7003CN' Maturity-Group-VII Soybean with High Yield and Resistance to Race 2 (HG Type 1.2.5.7-) Soybean Cyst Nematode}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1940-3496"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2010.09.0565crc}, abstractNote={‘N7003CN’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐502, PI 661157) was developed and released by the USDA‐ARS in 2010. It is a high‐yielding, maturity‐group (MG) VII, nontransgenic soybean cultivar adapted to the southeastern USA (30–37° N latitude). N7003CN is the first publicly released MG‐VII soybean that is resistant to race 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7) of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). Race 2 is the dominant type of SCN in North Carolina. N7003CN is also resistant to races 1 and 14 (HG types 2.3‐ and 1.3.5.6.7, respectively), is moderately resistant to races 4 and 5 (HG types 1.2.3.5.6‐ and 2.5.7‐, respectively), and appears to have partial resistance to race 3 (HG type 5.7). Molecular analysis of N7003CN identified SSR markers associated with SCN resistance genes rhg1, Rhg4, and Rhg5. During 2005–2009 in USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, N7003CN yielded 11 and 2% more than the SCN‐susceptible control cultivars ‘Haskell RR’ and ‘N7002’, respectively (46 environments). During 2005–2009 in the North Carolina State University Official Variety Trials (OVT), the yield of N7003CN was equivalent to that of the SCN‐susceptible control cultivar, ‘NC‐Raleigh’. NC‐Raleigh was the highest‐yielding MG‐VII entry in the OVT. The unusual combination of high yield and SCN race‐2 resistance in group‐VII maturity makes this cultivar potentially desirable for conventional and organic production and as breeding stock for commercial breeding.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Carter, T. E., Jr. and Koenning, S. R. and Burton, J. W. and Rzewnicki, P. E. and Villagarcia, M. R. and Bowman, D. T. and Arelli, P. R.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={309–317} }
 @article{kwanyuen_burton_2010, title={A Modified Amino Acid Analysis Using PITC Derivatization for Soybeans with Accurate Determination of Cysteine and Half-Cystine}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1558-9331"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-009-1484-2}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Kwanyuen, Prachuab and Burton, Joseph W.}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={127–132} }
 @article{carter_rzewnicki_burton_villagarcia_bowman_taliercio_kwanyuen_2010, title={Registration of N6202 Soybean Germplasm with High Protein, Favorable Yield Potential, Large Seed, and Diverse Pedigree}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1940-3496"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2009.08.0462.crg}, abstractNote={‘N6202’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. GP‐366, PI 658498) was cooperatively developed and released by the USDA–ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in October 2009 as a mid–Maturity Group VI germplasm with high‐protein seed, favorable yield potential, large seed size, and diverse pedigree. The unusual combination of high protein and favorable yield in this germplasm, plus its diverse genetic background, makes it a potentially desirable breeding stock for both specialty and commodity breeding programs. N6202 was developed through conventional breeding and is adapted to the southern United States. Average seed protein level was 457 g kg−1 (zero moisture basis), which was 33 g kg−1 greater (p < 0.05) than that of the control cultivar NC‐Roy. Average yield of N6202 was more than 90% of NC‐Roy over 65 environments. The 100‐seed weight of N6202 (21.4 g) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of the largest‐seeded control cultivar Dillon (15.2 g).Twenty‐five percent of N6202's pedigree is derived from Japanese cultivar Fukuyataka. Fukuyataka is not known to be related to the genetic base of U.S. soybean. An additional 25% of N6202's pedigree traces to the Japanese cultivar Nakasennari, which appears in the pedigree of only one cultivar (its parent ‘N6201’). Thus, the release of N6202 broadens the genetic range of materials adapted for soybean breeding in the United States. N6202 exhibits a moderate level of the bleeding hilum trait in some environments.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Carter, T. E., Jr. and Rzewnicki, P. E. and Burton, J. W. and Villagarcia, M. R. and Bowman, D. T. and Taliercio, Earl and Kwanyuen, P.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={73–79} }
 @article{bachlava_dewey_burton_cardinal_2009, title={Mapping and Comparison of Quantitative Trait Loci for Oleic Acid Seed Content in Two Segregating Soybean Populations}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0324}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] produces 29.4% of the world's edible vegetable oil. An important determinant of the nutritional value and the oxidative stability of soybean oil is the oleic acid content. Elevation of the oleate content levels leads to the improvement of soybean oil quality. However, our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying oleate variation in soybean seeds remains incomplete, hampering the use of marker‐assisted selection in soybean breeding programs. We used a whole‐genome scan approach to identify oleate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a soybean population segregating for oleic acid content and a cognate segregating population to confirm oleate QTL. A novel oleate QTL with moderate effects was revealed on linkage group F in the proximity of the simple sequence repeat marker sat_309, which was confirmed in both populations across all environments tested. Furthermore, this study verified the existence of an oleate QTL with moderate effects in the proximity of FAD2‐1B isoform on linkage group I, which interacted epistatically with the oleate QTL on linkage group F. Oleate QTLs with moderate effects were also detected on linkage groups A2 and N only in one of the populations under study. Minor QTLs on linkage groups E, L, A1, and D2 confirmed previous mapping studies for oleate content in soybean.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Dewey, Ralph E. and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2009}, pages={433–442} }
 @article{bachlava_dewey_burton_cardinal_2009, title={Mapping candidate genes for oleate biosynthesis and their association with unsaturated fatty acid seed content in soybean}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1572-9788"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11032-008-9246-7}, number={2}, journal={MOLECULAR BREEDING}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Dewey, Ralph E. and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={337–347} }
 @article{cardinal_dewey_burton_2008, title={Estimating the individual effects of the reduced palmitic acid fap(nc) and fap1 alleles on agronomic traits in two soybean populations}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0251}, abstractNote={Major fap alleles that reduce palmitate content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil also can reduce seed yield. One of these alleles, fapnc, has been shown to be a deletion in the GmFATB1a gene. Allele‐specific primers that amplify GmFATB1a can be used to test precisely if the fapnc allele has an effect on agronomic traits. The objectives of this study were to determine if the segregation of the fapnc allele explained a significant amount of genetic variation in several agronomic traits; to determine if the fap1 allele or minor palmitate genes have an effect on agronomic traits; and to confirm if GmFATB1a maps to the distal region on linkage group A1. GmFATB1a‐specific primers were used to genotype lines from two populations segregating for fapnc, fap1, and fan alleles and modifier genes. The fapnc allele explained a significant portion of the genetic variation in seed yield, plant height, protein content, and stearic acid content in both populations. After removing the effect of fapnc from the model, the genetic correlation between palmitate and yield was significant in one population but not significant between palmitate and height, indicating that fap1 has a small but significant effect on seed yield but no effect on plant height. The fap1 and/or modifier genes significantly affected stearic acid content. GmFATB1a mapped 20 cM distal to Satt684 on linkage group A1. Breeding efforts did not totally eliminate the negative influence of the fapnc allele on seed yield and plant height.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Dewey, Ralph E. and Burton, Joseph W.}, year={2008}, pages={633–639} }
 @article{bachlava_burton_brownie_wang_auclair_cardinal_2008, title={Heritability of oleic acid content in soybean seed oil and its genetic correlation with fatty acid and agronomic traits}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0049}, abstractNote={Oleate content is important for the nutritional value and oxidative stability of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil. Response to selection for higher oleate content depends on its heritability in breeding populations, and correlated responses of other fatty acid and agronomic traits to selection for oleate content depend on their genetic correlations with oleate. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of oleate content and to determine the correlation of oleate with other fatty acid and agronomic traits in three soybean populations segregating for major and minor oleate genes grown in multiple environments. One of the populations consisted of 721 lines, providing excellent precision for estimation of the genetic parameters. The results of this study indicated that heritability for oleate content was sufficiently high that early generation selection can be effective when practiced on unreplicated lines grown at a single environment. Significant negative correlations were observed between oleate and linoleate, oleate and linolenate, as well as oleate and palmitate in all three populations. Significant positive correlations were detected between palmitate and stearate in one population segregating for oleate genes and fapnc and fap1 alleles, which reduce palmitate content. In the same population we also observed a significant negative correlation between yield and oleate content, and positive correlations between yield and linoleate, and linolenate and palmitate contents.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Burton, Joseph W. and Brownie, Cavell and Wang, Sanbao and Auclair, Jerome and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2008}, pages={1764–1772} }
 @article{leytem_plumstead_maguire_kwanyuen_burton_brake_2008, title={Interaction of calcium and phytate in broiler diets. 2. Effects on total and soluble phosphorus excretion}, volume={87}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2007-00229}, abstractNote={Dietary Ca has been reported to influence the amount of phytate excreted from broilers and affect the solubility of P in excreta. To address the effects of dietary Ca and phytate on P excretion, 12 dietary treatments were fed to broilers from 16 to 21 d of age. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of phytate P (0.10, 0.24, and 0.28%) and 4 levels of Ca (0.47, 0.70, 0.93, and 1.16%) in a randomized complete block design. Feed phytate concentrations were varied by formulating diets with 3 different soybean meals (SBM): a low-phytate SBM, a commercial SBM, and a high phytate Prolina SBM having phytate P concentrations of 0.15 to 0.51%. Fresh excreta was collected from cages during 2 separate 24-h periods; collection I commenced after the start of dietary treatments (16 to 17 d) and collection II followed a 3-d adaptation period (19 to 20 d). Ileal samples were also collected at 21 d. Excreta samples were analyzed for total P, water soluble P (WSP), and phytate P, whereas ileal samples were analyzed for total P and phytate P. Results indicated that excreta total P could be reduced by up to 63% and WSP by up to 66% with dietary inclusion of low-phytate SBM. There was a significant effect of dietary Ca on both the excreta WSP and the ratio of WSP:total P. As dietary Ca increased, the excreta WSP and WSP:total P decreased, with the effects being more pronounced following a dietary adaptation period. There was a linear relationship between the slope of the response in WSP to dietary Ca and feed phytate content for excreta from collection II (r(2) = 0.99). There was also a negative correlation between excreta phytate concentration and excreta WSP during both excreta collections. The response in WSP to dietary manipulation was important from an environmental perspective because WSP in excreta has been related to potential for off-site P losses following land application.}, number={3}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Leytem, A. B. and Plumstead, P. W. and Maguire, R. O. and Kwanyuen, P. and Burton, J. W. and Brake, J.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={459–467} }
 @article{monteros_burton_boerma_2008, title={Molecular Mapping and Confirmation of QTLs Associated with Oleic Acid Content in N00-3350 Soybean}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.05.0287}, abstractNote={The fatty acid composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed affects the flavor, nutritional value, and stability of the oil. Increasing oleic acid content in soybean oil would reduce the need for hydrogenation, a process that creates unhealthy trans fatty acids. The objective of this study was to map and confirm the areas of the soybean genome associated with oleic acid content from the soybean line N00‐3350 (∼583 g kg−1 oleic acid) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. An F2:3 population of 259 lines from the cross of G99‐G725 × N00‐3350 was used as a mapping population, and an F2:3 population of 231 lines from the cross of G99‐G3438 × N00‐3350 was used for confirmation. Using single‐factor analysis of variance, interval mapping, and composite interval mapping, six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for oleic acid content were found on linkage groups LG‐A1 (Satt211, R2 = 4%), LG‐D2 (Satt389, R2 = 6%), LG‐G (Satt394, R2 = 13%), LG‐G (Satt191, R2 = 7%), LG‐L (Satt418, R2 = 9%), and LG‐L (Satt561, R2 = 25%) in the G99‐G725 × N00–3350 population. All six QTLs for oleic acid were confirmed in the G99‐3438 × N00‐3350 population. The designations cqOle‐001, cqOle‐002, cqOle‐003, cqOle‐004, cqOle‐005, and cqOle‐006 have been assigned to these confirmed QTLs by the Soybean Genetics Committee. The identification of SSR markers linked to the oleic acid QTLs will facilitate the use of marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in soybean breeding programs to increase the oleic acid content in soybean seed.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Monteros, Maria J. and Burton, Joseph W. and Boerma, H. Roger}, year={2008}, pages={2223–2234} }
 @article{zhang_burton_upchurch_whittle_shanklin_dewey_2008, title={Mutations in a Delta(9)-Stearoyl-ACP-Desaturase Gene Are Associated with Enhanced Stearic Acid Levels in Soybean Seeds}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.02.0084}, abstractNote={Stearic acid (18:0) is typically a minor component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, accounting for only 2 to 4% of the total fatty acid content. Increasing stearic acid levels of soybean oil would lead to enhanced oxidative stability, potentially reducing the need for hydrogenation, a process leading to the formation of undesirable trans fatty acids. Although mutagenesis strategies have been successful in developing soybean germplasm with elevated 18:0 levels in the seed oil, the specific gene mutations responsible for this phenotype were not known. We report a newly identified soybean gene, designated SACPD‐C, that encodes a unique isoform of Δ9–stearoyl‐ACP‐desaturase, the enzyme responsible for converting stearic acid to oleic acid (18:1). High levels of SACPD‐C transcript were only detected in developing seed tissue, suggesting that the encoded desaturase functions to enhance oleic acid biosynthetic capacity as the immature seed is actively engaged in triacylglycerol production and storage. The participation of SACPD‐C in storage triacylglycerol synthesis is further supported by the observation of mutations in this gene in two independent sources of elevated 18:0 soybean germplasm, A6 (30% 18:0) and FAM94‐41 (9% 18:0). A molecular marker diagnostic for the FAM94‐41 SACPD‐C gene mutation strictly associates with the elevated 18:0 phenotype in a segregating population, and could thus serve as a useful tool in the development of cultivars with oils possessing enhanced oxidative stability.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Zhang, Ping and Burton, Joseph W. and Upchurch, Robert G. and Whittle, Edward and Shanklin, John and Dewey, Ralph E.}, year={2008}, pages={2305–2313} }
 @article{carter_burton_fountain_rzewnicki_villagarcia_bowman_2008, title={Registration of 'N8001' Soybean}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1940-3496"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2007.03.0121crc}, abstractNote={Journal of Plant RegistrationsVolume 2, Issue 1 p. 22-23 Cultivar Registration of ‘N8001’ Soybean T. E. Carter Jr., Corresponding Author T. E. Carter Jr. thomas.carter@ars.usda.gov USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (thomas.carter@ars.usda.gov).Search for more papers by this authorJ. W. Burton, J. W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM. O. Fountain, M. O. Fountain USDA-ARS, 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27607Search for more papers by this authorP. E. Rzewnicki, P. E. Rzewnicki USDA-ARS, 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27607Search for more papers by this authorM. R. Villagarcia, M. R. Villagarcia USDA-ARS, 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27607Search for more papers by this authorD. T. Bowman, D. T. Bowman Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author T. E. Carter Jr., Corresponding Author T. E. Carter Jr. thomas.carter@ars.usda.gov USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (thomas.carter@ars.usda.gov).Search for more papers by this authorJ. W. Burton, J. W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM. O. Fountain, M. O. Fountain USDA-ARS, 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27607Search for more papers by this authorP. E. Rzewnicki, P. E. Rzewnicki USDA-ARS, 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27607Search for more papers by this authorM. R. Villagarcia, M. R. Villagarcia USDA-ARS, 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27607Search for more papers by this authorD. T. Bowman, D. T. Bowman Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2008 https://doi.org/10.3198/jpr2007.03.0121crcCitations: 14 All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume2, Issue1January 2008Pages 22-23 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Carter, T. E., Jr. and Burton, J. W. and Fountain, M. O. and Rzewnicki, P. E. and Villagarcia, M. R. and Bowman, D. T.}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={22–23} }
 @article{gao_shang_maroof_biyashev_grabau_kwanyuen_burton_buss_2007, title={A modified colorimetric method for phytic acid analysis in soybean}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2007.03.0122}, abstractNote={A quantitative, reproducible, and efficient phytic acid assay procedure is needed to screen breeding populations and support genetic studies in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objective of this study was to modify the colorimetric Wade reagent method and compare the accuracy and applicability of this new method in determining seed phytic acid content in soybean with three well‐established phytic acid assay methods: anion exchange column (AEC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The CV for repeated measurements of a low phytic acid soybean mutant, CX1834‐1‐6, ranged from 1.8 to 4.2% (n = 5), indicating the results were precise and reproducible. Phytic acid content of 42 soybean genotypes as determined by this method showed a correlation of 93.7 to 96.6% with the measurements by AEC, HPLC, and NMR. According to analysis of covariance, using inorganic P content as a predictor, phytic acid P content in a given sample analyzed by the four assay methods can be estimated with four linear regression models at the α = 0.01 level. Compared with HPLC, AEC, and 31P NMR, this modified colorimetric method is simpler and less expensive for assaying a large number of samples, allowing its effective application in breeding and genetic studies of low phytic acid soybean.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Gao, Y. and Shang, C. and Maroof, M. A. Saghal and Biyashev, R. M. and Grabau, E. A. and Kwanyuen, P. and Burton, J. W. and Buss, G. R.}, year={2007}, pages={1797–1803} }
 @article{fiscus_booker_dubois_rufty_burton_pursley_2007, title={Carbon dioxide enhancement effects in container- versus ground-grown soybean at equal planting densities}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0755}, abstractNote={Prior work showed that CO2 enhancement ratios (ER) were similar for plants grown in open‐top chambers (OTCs) whether grown in the ground or in insulated containers aboveground. Per plant comparisons were suspect since the ground‐grown plants were cultivated in rows at normal densities making it difficult to separate the effects of plant competition from the variables of interest. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Essex] was grown in the ground and in aboveground containers in OTCs in ambient and elevated CO2 at equal planting densities. The hypothesis was that at equal densities, container‐ and ground‐grown plants would exhibit both equivalent ERs and equivalent per plant yields. Although the only differences in net photosynthetic rate (An:μmol m−2 s−1) and conductance to water vapor (gs:mol m−2 s−1) were due to CO2 and container‐ and ground‐grown plants had similar ERs (mean = 20%), per plant yields were still less in the container‐grown plants at both levels of CO2 (mean = −17%). Reproductive measures, except mass per seed, as well as total stem biomass were significantly reduced in the containers. High CO2 increased seed oil concentration and the level of fatty acid saturation. The only observed environmental difference was higher daytime root zone temperatures in containers (2–6°C). The robust ERs suggest that neither above‐ nor below‐ground resource limitations was the cause of the yield discrepancies.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Fiscus, Edwin L. and Booker, Fitzgerald L. and Dubois, Jean-Jacques B. and Rufty, Thomas W. and Burton, Joseph W. and Pursley, Walter A.}, year={2007}, pages={2486–2494} }
 @article{cardinal_burton_2007, title={Correlations between palmitate content and agronomic traits in soybean populations segregating for the fap1, fap(nc), and fan Alleles}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.09.0577}, abstractNote={Palmitate is the predominant saturated fatty acid in soybean oil. Major fap alleles that reduce palmitate content in seed oil also reduce seed yield. Breeders are interested in estimating the genotypic correlation between palmitate content and agronomic traits to predict unfavorable correlated responses to selection. The main objective of this study was to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between palmitate and linolenate contents and other traits in three populations segregating for the fapnc, fap1, and fan alleles and modifier genes. The populations derived from crosses of high‐yielding lines and improved low‐palmitate and low‐linolenate lines were grown in replicated trials in three environments. Significant positive genetic correlations between palmitate and yield and between palmitate and plant height were observed in all three populations. Linolenate content was genetically positively correlated with lodging in two populations and negatively correlated with oil content in three populations. Our results support the observation that the major fapnc or fap1 or both alleles reduced plant height and had a major negative effect on yield. These effects could be due to pleiotropy or linkage with unfavorable yield or height genes. The relative importance of pleiotropy and linkage has very different implications for oil quality breeding.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Burton, Joseph W.}, year={2007}, pages={1804–1812} }
 @article{carter_burton_fountain_villagarcia_bowman_2007, title={Registration of NC114 and NC115 small-seeded soybean germplasm lines}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.10.0354}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm lines NC114 (Reg. no. GP-324, PI 640432) and NC115 (Reg. no. GP-325, PI 640433) were cooperatively developed and released by the USDA-ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in August 2005. NC114 and NC115 are the equivalent of full sibs, with a coefficient of parentage of 0.54 (Carter et al., 2004). They are the first public USA release of determinate group VI maturity soybean germplasm lines with small seed. NC114 and NC115 are adapted to the southern USA and released as parental material for development of soyfoods cultivars. NC114 is an F4–derived selection from the cross of two USDA small-seeded parents, soybean breeding line NTCPR90– 143 and cultivar Pearl (Carter et al., 1995). The parents of NTCPR90–143 were ‘Gasoy 17’ and ‘Vance’ (Baker andHarris, 1979). Vance was obtained from the cross of ‘Essex’ and an unknown wild (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) or semi-wild soybean (Smith and Camper, 1973; G. Buss, personal communication, 1994). The F1 seeds were produced in 1991 at Clayton, NC, and F1 plants were grown during the winter at the USDAARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS), Isabela, PR. The F2 and F3 generations were advanced using the single seed descent breeding method at Clayton, NC in 1992 and at TARS in the winter of 1993 (Brim, 1966). In 1993, individual F4 plants were grown and harvested at Clayton, NC, and seeds were evaluated for 100-seed weight and appearance. Approximately 40 F4 plants were selected and grown in F5 progeny rows at Clayton, NC in 1994. The bulked harvest of progeny row N94–7440 was designated as NC114. NC115 is an F4–derived plant selection from the cross of two small-seeded USDA soybean breeding lines, EBH91–6 and N89–1284. EBH91–6 is a sub-line selected from Pearl and is phenotypically identical to Pearl. N89–1284 was developed from the cross of Essex and Vance. The F1 seeds were produced in 1993 at Clayton, NC, and F1 plants were grown during the winter at TARS. The F2 and F3 generations were advanced using the single seed descent breeding method at Clayton, NC in 1994 and TARS in the winter of 1995. In 1995, individual F4 plants were grown and harvested at Clayton, NC, and seeds were evaluated for 100-seed weight and appearance. Approximately 80 F4 plants were selected and grown in progeny rows at Clayton, NC in 1996. The bulked harvest of progeny row N96–6429 was designated as NC115. During 1998–2001, NC114 and NC115 were evaluated in replicated trials at two NC locations in each year for yield and other agronomic traits. The 100-seed weights for NC114 and NC115 were each 8.5 g, and both were much smaller than ‘Dillon’ (15.9 g) or ‘Brim’ (13.9 g) (Shipe et al., 1997; Burton et al., 1994). Seed yields of NC114 and NC115 were equal to Brim and Dillon, averaging 2580 kg ha. Plant height of NC115 was about six cm shorter than NC114 (77 cm), and both lines were shorter than Brim (92 cm) or Dillon (86 cm). Plant lodging was rated using a scale 1 to 5, where 1 is no lodging and 5 is completely lodged before harvest. NC115 (score 1.7) exhibited less plant lodging than did NC114 (2.1), Brim (2.3), or Dillon (2.1). NC114 had a higher seed protein content and lower seed oil content than NC115. Seed protein and oil concentrations of NC114 (421 and 179 g kg on a zero moisture basis) were similar to Brim (422 g kg and 189 g kg). Seed protein and oil concentrations of NC115 (402 g kg and 193 g kg) were similar to Dillon (407 g kg and 195 g kg). The ability of the seed to imbibe water, the first step in production of natto soyfoods, was measured using the swell ratio. Swell ratio is defined as the ratio of seed weight after soaking the seed in water for 16 h to the weight of dry seed before soaking. A larger swell ratio generally results in a softer final product, which is preferred by natto manufacturers (Cui et al., 2005). NC114 had a greater swell ratio than did NC115 (2.29 vs. 2.25), averaged over six NC environments. NC114 and NC115 had smaller swell ratios than Dillon (2.31), but greater swell ratios than Brim (2.23). A swell ratio of 2.23 is considered too low for most market needs, whereas the higher values are usually considered acceptable. (T. Carter, personal communication, 2006). In 2002, NC114 and NC115 were evaluated for seed yield at seven locations in the USDA-ARS Southern Region Uniform Preliminary Group VI Test (Paris, 2002). The 100-seed weights for NC114 and NC115 were 7.7 and 9.0 g, respectively, averaged over three environments. Both hadmuch smaller 100-seed weights thanDillon (14.8 g) or ‘NC-Roy’ (13.5 g) (Burton et al., 2005). Plant height of NC115 was about 18 cm shorter than NC114 (76 cm), and both were shorter than Dillon or NC-Roy (86 cm for each). NC114 and NC115 lodged about the same (1.7 vs. 1.8), and both exhibited less plant lodging thanDillon or NC-Roy (each scored 2.1). Seed protein content was similar for NC 114 and NC115 (432 g kg and 427 g kg), and both were higher than Dillon or NC-Roy (416 and 423 g kg). Oil concentration of NC114 (175 g kg) was less than NC115 (185 g kg), Dillon (188 g kg), or NC-Roy (191 g kg). NC114 yielded 222 kg ha less than NC115 (2264 kg ha), and both yielded less than Dillon (2653 kg ha) or NC-Roy (2694 kg ha). During 2002–2004, NC114 and NC115 were evaluated in 14 environments of the North Carolina State University Official Variety Trials (Bowman, 2004). Plant height of NC115 was about 11 cm shorter than NC114 (90 cm), and both were shorter than Dillon (104 cm) or NC-Roy (93 cm). NC115 had less plant lodging than NC114 (1.3 vs. 1.8), and both compared favorably with Dillon (1.5) and NC-Roy (2.2). Yield of NC114 (2105 kg ha) was similar to NC115 (1949 kg ha), and both yielded less than Dillon (2822 kg ha) or NC-Roy (2934 kg ha). NC114 and NC115 are mid group VI maturity as compared to Dillon, which is early group VI maturity, or to Brim and NCRoy, which are late group VI maturity. NC114 and NC115 have narrow leaflets, white flowers, gray pubescence, tan pod wall color at maturity, and shiny yellow seeds with clear hila. NC114 and NC115 are resistant to Soybean Mosaic Virus, and bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye], but susceptible to frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina K. Hara), soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) and root knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes. Seed coat mottling has been minimal for NC114 and NC115 in test plots in NC. However, local conditions greatly influence the severity of mottling. Based on past experiences with mottling in soyfoods soybean lines, it is possible that the two releases may react dissimilarly in terms of mottling in a new environment. Users are advised to carefully evaluate mottling in the intended geographic area of breeding or production. Small seed quantities of NC114 and NC115 will be available for research purposes from Dr. Thomas E. Carter, Jr., 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607, 919-513-1480, tommy_carter@ ncsu.edu. It is requested that appropriate recognition be made if this germplasm contributes to the development of a new germplasm line or cultivar. Seed will also be deposited in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Carter, T. E., Jr. and Burton, J. W. and Fountain, M. O. and Villagarcia, M. R. and Bowman, D. T.}, year={2007}, pages={450–451} }
 @article{israel_kwanyuen_burton_walker_2007, title={Response of low seed phytic acid soybeans to increases in external phosphorus supply}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.11.0691}, abstractNote={Commercialization of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties with low seed phytic acid will depend on the stability of the trait when grown in soils with a wide range of P availabilities and on the impact of altered P composition on seed protein and oil concentrations. Impacts of deficient (0.05 mmol L−1) to excessive (0.9 to 1.2 mmol L−1) levels of external P on seed P composition of normal and low phytic acid lines and of altered seed P composition on seed protein and oil synthesis were evaluated. Soybean lines homozygous recessive (pha/pha) at one of two loci with genes that condition the low seed phytic acid trait had the same greater‐than‐threefold increase in phytic acid in response to increasing external P as their normal phytic acid parent, ‘AGS Prichard‐RR’ (Pha/Pha). This supports the conclusion from previous inheritance studies that the low seed phytic acid trait in CX1834‐1‐2 is controlled by epistatic interaction between two independent recessive genes. The seed phytic acid concentration in the low phytic acid line G03PHY‐443 (derived from CX1834‐1‐2) was <2 g phytic acid P kg−1 dry wt. when grown under deficient to excessive external P. As the P supply increased, seed inorganic P concentrations for this line increased from 0.8 to 4.0 g kg−1 dry wt., compared to an increase of 0.2 to 0.6 g kg−1 dry wt. for the normal phytic acid lines. Seed protein and oil concentrations did not differ significantly between normal and low phytic acid lines. These results support continued development of varieties with low seed phytic acid and high yields.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Israel, D. W. and Kwanyuen, P. and Burton, J. W. and Walker, D. R.}, year={2007}, pages={2036–2046} }
 @article{aghoram_wilson_burton_dewey_2006, title={A mutation in a 3-keto-acyl-ACP synthase II gene is associated with elevated palmitic acid levels in soybean seeds}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0218}, abstractNote={Palmitic acid is the major saturated fatty acid component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, typically accounting for approximately 11% of total seed oil content. Several genetic loci have been shown to control the seed palmitate content of soybean. One such locus, fap2, mediates an elevated seed palmitate phenotype. Previous biochemical studies indicated that the fap2 locus is associated with a reduction in the activity of 3‐keto‐acyl‐ACP synthase II (KAS II), an enzyme that initiates the elongation of palmitoyl‐ACP to stearoyl‐ACP in the plastid. The objective of the present research was to define the molecular basis by which the fap2 locus increases seed palmitate levels. We isolated two closely related, yet unique KAS II cDNAs, designated GmKAS IIA and GmKAS IIB, from soybean cultivar Century (Fap2, Fap2) and its derivative high palmitate germplasm C1727 (fap2, fap2). The GmKAS IIB cDNAs recovered from Century and C1727 were identical. In contrast, a single base‐pair substitution was found in the GmKAS IIA gene from C1727 versus Century which converted a tryptophan codon into a premature stop codon, a mutation that would be predicted to render the encoded enzyme nonfunctional. Knowledge of the DNA sequence polymorphism led to the development a facile, robust cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker that readily distinguishes the mutant GmKAS IIA gene. This marker faithfully associated with a second independent germplasm line bearing the fap2 locus, and thus may be useful in breeding programs that target the development of high palmitate soybean cultivars.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Aghoram, Karthik and Wilson, Richard E. and Burton, Joseph W. and Dewey, Ralph E.}, year={2006}, pages={2453–2459} }
 @article{burton_brownie_2006, title={Heterosis and inbreeding depression in two soybean single crosses}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.03.0156}, abstractNote={Heterosis is considered to be of little importance in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) because the crop is produced as “pure‐line” cultivars or blends of inbred lines. The F1 generations Holladay/Hutcheson (Cross 1) and Brim/Boggs (Cross 2) were generated by hand pollinations. Inbred generations were generated by bulk selfing. The F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 generations were yield‐tested in replicated bordered single row plots in multiple years and locations. The average yield of Cross 1 F1 was 16% greater than that of the highest‐yielding parent and the average yield of the Cross 2 F1 was 5% greater than the highest‐yielding parent. Cross 1 showed significant inbreeding depression when regressed on percentage inbreeding which is clear evidence of dominance for yield. Possible genetic bases for heterosis in soybean include gene complementation or interaction of duplicate favorable loci in repulsion, linked dominant alleles that are inherited as a unit, a greater number of dominant alleles in the F1 than either parent separately, multiple dosage‐dependant regulatory loci, and/or overdominance. The existence of heterosis should be evidence that superior gene combinations are possible. The magnitude of yield heterosis may be a useful criterion for selection among biparental crosses.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burton, Joseph W. and Brownie, Cavell}, year={2006}, pages={2643–2648} }
 @article{moyer-henry_burton_israel_rufty_2006, title={Nitrogen transfer between plants: A N-15 natural abundance study with crop and weed species}, volume={282}, ISSN={["1573-5036"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11104-005-3081-y}, number={1-2}, journal={PLANT AND SOIL}, author={Moyer-Henry, K. A. and Burton, J. W. and Israel, D. W. and Rufty, T. W.}, year={2006}, month={Apr}, pages={7–20} }
 @article{burton_carter_fountain_bowman_2006, title={Registration of 'NC-Raleigh' soybean}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.11.0410}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm NC-Raleigh (Reg. no. CV-485, PI 641156) was cooperatively developed and released by the USDA-ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in May 2002. It has excellent yield potential, small seed, high oil concentration, and resistance to Soybean mosaic virus, stem canker [caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. caulivora Athow & Caldwell], bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Nakano 1919) Vauterin, Hoste, Kersters & Swings 1995 5 Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano 1919) Dye 1978b], and frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina K. Hara). It is a determinate group VII maturity soybean variety adapted to the southern USA, 27 to 378 N latitude. NC-Raleigh is an F5–derived selection from the cross of USDA breeding line N85–492 and USDA germplasm release N88–480, made in 1991 in North Carolina (Burton andWilson, 1994). N85–492 was derived from the cross of N77–179 3 ‘Johnston’ and is the maternal parent of the soybean cultivar Kuell (Burton et al., 1987; Weaver et al., 2000). N77–179 was selected from the cross of N70–1549 3 N72–3213 and is a parent of soybean cultivars Clifford and Holladay (Burton et al., 1997, 1996). The paternal parent of NC-Raleigh was N88–480, an F3– derived breeding line selected from the fourth cycle of a recurrent selection population improvement program for higher seed oil concentration. The parents of the original population were ‘Arksoy’, ‘Ogden’, ‘Lee’, ‘Roanoke’, D60–8107, ‘Jackson’, and N69–2774 (USDA-ARS National Genetic Resources Program, 2005;Weiss, 1953a, 1953b; Johnson, 1958). D60–8017 was derived from the cross of D51–4877 3 D55–4168. D51– 4877 was derived from Roanoke 3 N45–745. N69–2774 is the original maintainer source for the male-sterile genems1 of unknown pedigree (Brim and Young, 1971). During the winter of 1991–1992, F1 plants were grown at the USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS), Isabela, PR. The F2, F3, and F4 generations were advanced by the single seed descent breeding method (Brim, 1966) at Clayton, NC, in 1992, at TARS in the winter of 1992– 1993, and at Clayton in 1993, respectively. In 1994, individual F5 plants were grown and harvested at Clayton, NC. In 1995, F5:6 plant rows were grown, harvested, and selected for yield and other agronomic traits. Plant row N95–614 was later named NC-Raleigh. During 1999–2001, NC-Raleigh was evaluated in eight environments of the North Carolina State University Official Variety Trials (Bowman, 2001). NC-Raleigh matured the same day as Pioneer variety ‘97B61’. NC-Raleigh yielded 336 kg ha greater than 97B61 (3001 kg ha). Plant height of NC-Raleigh was 2 cm shorter than 97B61 (99 cm) across four environments. During 1998–2000, NC-Raleigh was evaluated at 42 environments in the USDA-ARS Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States, Group VII (Paris and Shelton, 2000). It matured 3 d later than ‘Benning’ and on the same day as ‘Haskell’, the standard control cultivars for this test (Boerma et al., 1994, 1997). Seed yield of NC-Raleigh was 61 and 115 kg ha greater than Benning (2667 kg ha) and Haskell (2721 kg ha), respectively. The plant height of NC-Raleigh was 5 cm shorter than Benning and Haskell (both were 91 cm). Plant lodging was rated using a scale 1 to 5, where 1 indicates no lodging and 5 is completely lodged at maturity. NC-Raleigh had a plant lodging rating of 2, the same rating as Benning and Haskell. The 100-seed weight of NC-Raleigh (13.1 g) was smaller than that of Benning (13.9 g) or Haskell (15.1 g). The seed protein concentration for NC-Raleigh (401 g kg) was lower than that of Benning (422 g kg) or Haskell (417 g kg). The oil concentration for NC-Raleigh (221 g kg) was greater than that of Benning (201 g kg) or Haskell (198 g kg). NC-Raleigh has white flowers, tawny pubescence, various hila color (brown and black), and tan pod wall color. In USDA regional tests, NC-Raleigh was rated resistant to Soybean mosaic virus and stem canker. It was rated susceptible to soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) and root-knot [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood and M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood] nematodes. In USDA trials in North Carolina, NC-Raleigh was rated resistant to frogeye leaf spot and bacterial pustule. It was rated moderately resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Microsphaera diffusa Cooke & Peck). Seed is available fromNorth Carolina Foundation Seed Producers, Inc. (8220 Riley Hill Rd., Zebulon, NC 27597–8773 USA 919–269–5592). Small seed quantities of NC-Raleigh will be available for research purposes from the corresponding author. It is requested that appropriate recognition be made if this germplasm contributes to the development of a new germplasm line or cultivar. Seed will also be deposited in the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation andNational Plant Germplasm System.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burton, J. W. and Carter, T. E., Jr. and Fountain, M. O. and Bowman, D. T.}, year={2006}, pages={2710–2711} }
 @article{burton_wilson_rebetzke_pantalone_2006, title={Registration of N98-4445A mid-oleic soybean germplasm line}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2004-0769}, abstractNote={Soyabean (Glycine max) germplasm line N98-4445A, which originated as an F5 single plant selection from the three-way cross N94-2473 × (N93-2007-4 × N92-3907), was developed and released in 2002 by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. N78-4445A has group IV maturity, indeterminate growth habit, white flowers and tawny pubescences. Seeds are shiny yellow with brown hila. N98-4445A has moderate levels of resistance to Soyabean mosaic virus. This line has a concentration of oleic acid in the seed oil that is approximately 550 g/kg, which is 340-380 g/kg greater than commercial soyabean cultivars and 47 g/kg more than the highest oleic acid concentration available in US germplasm collection. The germplasm will be a useful genetic resource for breeding mid-oleic soyabean cultivars, i.e. those with oleic acid concentrations between 400 and 700 g/kg. Increased oleic acid in this line causes a correlated decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids, giving the added advantage of linolenic acid concentrations less than 30 g/kg.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burton, JW and Wilson, RF and Rebetzke, GJ and Pantalone, VR}, year={2006}, pages={1010–1012} }
 @article{kwanyuen_burton_2005, title={A simple and rapid procedure for phytate determination in soybeans and soy products}, volume={82}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-005-1046-9}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Kwanyuen, P and Burton, JW}, year={2005}, month={Feb}, pages={81–85} }
 @article{naegle_burton_carter_rufty_2005, title={Influence of seed nitrogen content on seedling growth and recovery from nitrogen stress}, volume={271}, ISSN={["1573-5036"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11104-004-3242-4}, number={1-2}, journal={PLANT AND SOIL}, author={Naegle, ER and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Rufty, TW}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={329–340} }
 @article{burton_carter_2005, title={Registration of 'NC-Roy' soybean}, volume={45}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.0012}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 45, Issue 6 p. 2654-2654 Registrations of Cultivar Registration of ‘NC-Roy’ Soybean J.W. Burton, Corresponding Author J.W. Burton [email protected] USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27607 Corresponding Author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorT.E. Carter, T.E. Carter USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27607Search for more papers by this authorD.T. Bowman, D.T. Bowman Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695Search for more papers by this author J.W. Burton, Corresponding Author J.W. Burton [email protected] USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27607 Corresponding Author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorT.E. Carter, T.E. Carter USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27607Search for more papers by this authorD.T. Bowman, D.T. Bowman Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 2005 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0012Citations: 21 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Boerma, H.R. 2000. Registration of ‘Boggs’ soybean. Crop Sci. 40: 294–295 http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=agrocropsoil&KeyUT=000085505300053&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&UsrCustomerID=523bbf5d2a868de7bbaeea0bc70ec0e4 Bowman, D.T. 2003. Measured crop performance cotton and soybean. Dep. Crop Science, Res. Rep. No. 209. North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC. Brim, C.A. 1966. A modified pedigree method of selection in soybeans. Crop Sci. 6: 220 http://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600020041x Burton, J.W. 1994. Registration of ‘Brim’ soybean. Crop Sci. 34: 301 http://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400010059x Burton, J.W. 1996. Registration of ‘Holladay’ soybean. Crop Sci. 36: 467 http://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600020045x Tyler, J.M., G.W. Shelton, and P.P. Bell. 2000. The uniform soybean tests, southern states, 1999. USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS. Citing Literature Volume45, Issue6November–December 2005Pages 2654-2654 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burton, JW and Carter, TE}, year={2005}, pages={2654–2654} }
 @article{shannon_sleper_arelli_burton_wilson_anand_2005, title={Registration of S01-9269 soybean germplasm line resistant to soybean cyst nematode with seed oil low in saturates}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.005}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 45, Issue 4 p. 1673-1674 Registrations of Germplasm Registration of S01-9269 Soybean Germplasm Line Resistant to Soybean Cyst Nematode with Seed Oil Low in Saturates J.G. Shannon, Corresponding Author J.G. Shannon [email protected] Univ. of Missouri-Delta Center, P.O. Box 160, Portageville, MO, 63873 Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorD.A. Sleper, D.A. Sleper Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211Search for more papers by this authorP.R. Arelli, P.R. Arelli USDA-ARS, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN, 38301Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorR.F. Wilson, R.F. Wilson USDA-ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Room 4-2214, Beltsville, MD, 20705-5139Search for more papers by this authorS.C. Anand, S.C. Anand Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211Search for more papers by this author J.G. Shannon, Corresponding Author J.G. Shannon [email protected] Univ. of Missouri-Delta Center, P.O. Box 160, Portageville, MO, 63873 Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorD.A. Sleper, D.A. Sleper Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211Search for more papers by this authorP.R. Arelli, P.R. Arelli USDA-ARS, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN, 38301Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorR.F. Wilson, R.F. Wilson USDA-ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Room 4-2214, Beltsville, MD, 20705-5139Search for more papers by this authorS.C. Anand, S.C. Anand Dep. of Agronomy, 210 Waters Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 2005 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.005 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue4July–August 2005Pages 1673-1674 RelatedInformation}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Shannon, JG and Sleper, DA and Arelli, PR and Burton, JW and Wilson, RF and Anand, SC}, year={2005}, pages={1673–1674} }
 @article{feng_burton_carter_pantalone_2004, title={Recurrent half-sib selection with testcross evaluation for increased oil content in soybean}, volume={44}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2004.6300}, abstractNote={Protein meal and oil are the two commodities produced from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that give the crop its value. Increasing seed concentrations of either or both may add value. Objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of recurrent half‐sib selection for increased seed oil, to evaluate the effect of tester oil content on selection response, and to investigate testcross heterosis and inbreeding depression for seed oil content. A recurrent half–sib selection system was devised for soybean and selection for increased oil content was conducted in a population for seven and three cycles using a high and a low‐oil tester, respectively. The base population was a high‐oil composite with gray pubescence (tt) that was segregating for nuclear genetic ms1 male sterility. In summer, the base population was planted in single plant hills and bordered with the tester (Ms1Ms1TT) in a random mating block in North Carolina. About 100 to 200 random male‐sterile plants with hybrid seeds were harvested. Half‐sib families derived from each male‐sterile plant were then grown in Puerto Rico in winter. At maturity, seeds from tawny plants (tester hybrid) were used to identify half‐sib families with high‐oil content. Corresponding gray plant hybrids from sib matings within the population were bulked to start the next cycle of selection. Random progenies from the base populations and selected progenies from each cycle of selection were evaluated in a replicated field experiment at three locations in North Carolina. Cycle × tester hybrids and cycle × cycle sib hybrids were also included in the tests. The results showed that oil content was significantly increased at a rate of 1.1 ± 0.2 g kg−1 cycle−1 in the high‐oil tester populations but not in the low‐oil tester populations. The realized heritability estimate for the high‐oil tester population was 0.12 ± 0.03. Evidence of heterosis indicated that some dominance effects on oil content existed. Dominance effects may affect the evaluation accuracy of the genotypes being tested. A high‐oil tester and high‐oil populations may have many common alleles resulting in less dominance and more additive effects in their hybrids. Consequently, a high‐oil tester can lead to better evaluation and selection precision, compared with a low‐oil tester which could mask additive effects and reduce selection precision.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Feng, L and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Pantalone, VR}, year={2004}, pages={63–69} }
 @article{carter_burton_bowman_cui_zhou_villagarcia_niewoehner_fountain_2003, title={Registration of 'N7001' soyhean}, volume={43}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2003.1126}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 43, Issue 3 p. 1126-1127 Registrations Of Cultivar Registration of ‘N7001’ Soybean T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter [email protected] USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorD.T. Bowman, D.T. Bowman Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZ. Cui, Z. Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorX. Zhou, X. Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter [email protected] USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorD.T. Bowman, D.T. Bowman Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZ. Cui, Z. Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorX. Zhou, X. Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2003 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1126Citations: 30 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume43, Issue3May–June 2003Pages 1126-1127 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Carter, TE and Burton, JW and Bowman, DT and Cui, Z and Zhou, X and Villagarcia, MR and Niewoehner, AS and Fountain, MO}, year={2003}, pages={1126–1127} }
 @article{carter_burton_zhou_cui_villagarcia_fountain_niewoehner_wilder_2003, title={Registration of 'N7101' soybean}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2003.1127}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 43, Issue 3 p. 1127-1128 Registrations Of Cultivar Registration of ‘N7101’ Soybean T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter [email protected] USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorX. Zhou, X. Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZ. Cui, Z. Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorJ.F. Wilder, J.F. Wilder North Carolina Soybean Producers Assoc., Raleigh, NC, 27609Search for more papers by this author T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter [email protected] USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorX. Zhou, X. Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZ. Cui, Z. Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorJ.F. Wilder, J.F. Wilder North Carolina Soybean Producers Assoc., Raleigh, NC, 27609Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2003 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1127Citations: 4 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue3May–June 2003Pages 1127-1128 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Carter, TE and Burton, JW and Zhou, X and Cui, Z and Villagarcia, MR and Fountain, MO and Niewoehner, AS and Wilder, JF}, year={2003}, pages={1127–1128} }
 @article{carter_burton_cui_zhou_villagarcia_fountain_niewoehner_2003, title={Registration of 'n6201' soybean}, volume={43}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2003.1125a}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 43, Issue 3 p. 1125-1126 Registrations Of Cultivar Registration of ‘N6201’ Soybean T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorJ. W. Burton, J. W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZhanglin Cui, Zhanglin Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorXingliang Zhou, Xingliang Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorJ. W. Burton, J. W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZhanglin Cui, Zhanglin Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorXingliang Zhou, Xingliang Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2003 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1125aCitations: 8 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue3May–June 2003Pages 1125-1126 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Carter, T. E. and Burton, J. W. and Cui, Z. L. and Zhou, X. L. and Villagarcia, M. R. and Fountain, M. O. and Niewoehner, A. S.}, year={2003}, pages={1125–1126} }
 @article{carter_burton_zhou_cui_villagarcia_fountain_niewoehner_wilder_2003, title={Registration of 'n7102' soybean}, volume={43}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2003.1128a}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 43, Issue 3 p. 1128-1129 Registrations Of Cultivar Registration of ‘N7102’ Soybean T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorX. Zhou, X. Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZ. Cui, Z. Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorJ.F. Wilder, J.F. Wilder North Carolina Soybean Producers Assoc., Raleigh, NC, 27609Search for more papers by this author T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorX. Zhou, X. Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZ. Cui, Z. Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorJ.F. Wilder, J.F. Wilder North Carolina Soybean Producers Assoc., Raleigh, NC, 27609Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2003 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1128aCitations: 7 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue3May–June 2003Pages 1128-1129 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Carter, T. E. and Burton, J. W. and Zhou, X. and Cui, Z. and Villagarcia, M. R. and Fountain, M. O. and Niewoehner, A. S. and Wilder, J. F.}, year={2003}, pages={1128–1129} }
 @article{carter_burton_villagarcia_cui_zhou_fountain_bowman_niewoehner_2003, title={Registration of 'n7103' soybean}, volume={43}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2003.1128}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 43, Issue 3 p. 1128-1128 Registrations Of Cultivar Registration of ‘N7103’ Soybean T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZ. Cui, Z. Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorX. Zhou, X. Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorD.T. Bowman, D.T. Bowman Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author T.E. Carter, Corresponding Author T.E. Carter tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorJ.W. Burton, J.W. Burton USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.R. Villagarcia, M.R. Villagarcia Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorZ. Cui, Z. Cui Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorX. Zhou, X. Zhou Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorM.O. Fountain, M.O. Fountain Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorD.T. Bowman, D.T. Bowman Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorA.S. Niewoehner, A.S. Niewoehner Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2003 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1128Citations: 10 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue3May–June 2003Pages 1128-1128 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Carter, T. E. and Burton, J. W. and Villagarcia, M. R. and Cui, Z. and Zhou, X. and Fountain, M. O. and Bowman, D. T. and Niewoehner, A. S.}, year={2003}, pages={1128} }
 @article{zhou_carter_cui_miyazaki_burton_2002, title={Genetic diversity patterns in Japanese soybean cultivars based on coefficient of parentage}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.1331}, abstractNote={Japan is a historical center of genetic diversity for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but diversity of modern Japanese cultivars is not well characterized. The objectives of this study were to quantify genetic diversity of Japanese cultivars via coefficient of parentage (CP), determine the relative importance of breeding factors in explaining that diversity, and incorporate results into a practical guide for management of diversity. All 86 public Japanese cultivars released and registered during 1950 to 1988 were subjected to CP and multivariate analysis. The mean CP for the 86 cultivars was low (0.04), indicating a potentially high degree of diversity in Japanese breeding. Eighty percent of all pairs of cultivars were completely unrelated by pedigree. The low mean CP for the cultivars was attributed to a continual incorporation of unique Japanese land races into the genetic base over time, to the introduction of foreign germplasm from China and the United States and Canada (US-CAN) as breeding stock, and to limited exchange of germplasm among Japanese breeding programs. Cluster analysis was an effective discriminator of diversity. Six clusters were identified which had a mean CP value equivalent to that of half-sibs or greater. These clusters encompassed a total of 54 cultivars, explained 57% of the variation in the CP relations, and had few ancestors in common. Each cluster was derived primarily from only a few programs. Backcrossing and full-sib matings were absent in Japanese pedigrees and, thus, clusters were formed primarily from parent-offspring, full-sib, and half-sib relations. Cultivar attributes such as growing region, release era, maturity designation, and developing institution did not elucidate strong patterns of pedigree diversity. In practical breeding, one may maximize the chances of finding good specific Japanese × Japanese or Japanese × US-CAN crosses by choosing Japanese cultivars from a wide array of Japanese clusters rather than sampling extensively within a cluster.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Zhou, XG and Carter, TE and Cui, ZL and Miyazaki, S and Burton, JW}, year={2002}, pages={1331–1342} }
 @article{pantalone_wilson_novitzky_burton_2002, title={Genetic regulation of elevated stearic acid concentration in soybean oil}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1558-9331"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-002-0520-8}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Pantalone, VR and Wilson, RF and Novitzky, WP and Burton, JW}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={549–553} }
 @article{li_burton_2002, title={Selecting increased seed density to increase indirectly soybean seed protein concentration}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.0393}, abstractNote={Because soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the world's most important source of high quality vegetable protein, development of high yielding genotypes with increased seed protein concentration is a major soybean breeding objective. A major impediment to this objective is the often observed negative correlation between yield and protein. Seed density is a component of grain yield that is correlated positively with seed protein concentration. If genotypic correlations between seed density and yield are low, selection for increased density could provide an efficient way to improve protein concentration without affecting seed yield. The objective of this study was to investigate direct and correlated responses to selection on density of seeds sampled from male-sterile plants in three different random-mating populations. Seed density was determined for 192 male-sterile plants in each population. In each population, 15 plants with the highest and 15 plants with lowest seed density were selected. Seeds of each selection were increased in the winter and tested the following summer at three locations in North Carolina with two replications per location. In those tests, the previously selected high and low density groups were not significantly different in seed density, seed weight, yield, or concentrations of protein and oil. Thus, single plant selection for seed density was ineffective for increasing seed density or seed protein concentration. An alternative selection method is proposed in which the selection unit is a selfed half-sib or S1 family. Desired gains selection indices for increased density and seed weight may increase both protein and yield in all three populations. This selection system has appeal because measurement of seed density and seed weight is relatively inexpensive, requiring less economic and land resources than actual measurement of yield and protein. It is recommended as a low-cost way to improve initially unadapted populations.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Li, HX and Burton, JW}, year={2002}, pages={393–398} }
 @article{wilson_marquardt_novitzky_burton_wilcox_dewey_2001, title={Effect of alleles governing 16 : 0 concentration on glycerolipid composition in developing soybeans}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1558-9331"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-001-0264-5}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Wilson, RF and Marquardt, TC and Novitzky, WP and Burton, JW and Wilcox, JR and Dewey, RE}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={329–334} }
 @article{rebetzke_pantalone_burton_carter_wilson_2001, title={Genetic background and environment influence palmitate content of soybean seed oil}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2001.1731}, abstractNote={Dietary concerns over high saturates contained in edible vegetable oils has stimulated development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with reduced palmitate content. Little is known of factors that might influence phenotypic expression of palmitate content among soybean populations varying for presence of a major reduced palmitate allele. The objective of this study was to investigate how environment and genetic background influence palmitate content when introducing the reduced palmitate trait into adapted backgrounds. Crosses were made between reduced palmitate germplasm, N87‐2122‐4 (53 g kg−1 palmitate) and normal palmitate cultivars, A3733, Burlison, Kenwood, P9273, and P9341 (103–123 g kg−1 palmitate). For each cross, F4:6 lines homozygous for major reduced or normal palmitate alleles were bulked separately into Maturity Groups (MG) II, III, IV, and V, and evaluated in 10 contrasting field environments during 1993. Palmitate content varied between 82 and 90 g kg−1 across southern U.S. and Puerto Rican environments. Much of this environmental variation was associated with changes in minimum temperature during the growing season. Genetic background effects were highly significant (P < 0.01) with cross means for palmitate content ranging between 81 and 93 g kg−1 Across different maturity groups, palmitate content of the progeny was correlated (r = 0.94–0.99, P < 0.05) with mean content of the normal palmitate parent, such that for every 1 g kg−1 palmitate increase in the normal palmitate parent there was a 0.32 to 0.51 g kg−1 palmitate increase in the progeny. Genetic background effects were presumed to be associated with action of minor alleles transmitted from the normal palmitate parent. Presence of the reduced palmitate allele was associated with significantly (P < 0.01) lower stearate (−6 to −13%) and higher oleate (+4 to +10%) contents across all maturity groups. Selection of low palmitate, high‐yielding parents should further decrease palmitate content and produce correlated improvements in stearate and oleate contents to improve overall oil quality in progeny containing reduced palmitate alleles.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rebetzke, GJ and Pantalone, VR and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Wilson, RF}, year={2001}, pages={1731–1736} }
 @article{wilson_marquardt_novitzky_burton_wilcox_kinney_dewey_2001, title={Metabolic mechanisms associated with alleles governing the 16 : 0 concentration of soybean oil}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1558-9331"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-001-0265-4}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Wilson, RF and Marquardt, TC and Novitzky, WP and Burton, JW and Wilcox, JR and Kinney, AJ and Dewey, RE}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={335–340} }
 @article{cui_carter_burton_wells_2001, title={Phenotypic diversity of modern Chinese and North American soybean cultivars}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2001.1954}, abstractNote={Chinese and North American (NA) soybean breeding programs have a 70‐yr history of genetic progress in relative isolation from each other. Because both programs rest upon a genetic base that is primarily Chinese in origin, the actual genetic distinctness of Chinese and NA breeding is not clear. The objectives of this study were to (i) develop a phenotypic similarity (PS) index for a large group of Chinese and NA cultivars, on the basis of biochemical, morphological, and agronomic traits, (ii) compare Chinese and NA cultivars for PS through cluster analysis, and (iii) use results to develop guidelines for management of the contrasting Chinese and NA breeding programs as reservoirs of diversity. Chinese (47) and NA (25) cultivars were evaluated for 25 traits in growth chambers. Traits pleiotropic to maturity were avoided. Significant (P < 0.05) differences between Chinese and NA cultivars were noted for leaf and seed traits. Multivariate analysis captured 79% of the total genotypic variation among the 72 cultivars and was used to develop PS estimates. Cluster analysis of PS showed a much greater phenotypic diversity among Chinese than among NA cultivars and a striking distinctness between the two groups. The contrasting nature of Chinese and NA cultivars in this study is theorized to reflect that (i) the NA cultivars may trace to a subset of the Chinese cultivar genetic base, and/or (ii) Chinese and NA cultivars may have diverged phenotypically via breeder selection pressure. Cluster results here, based on PS, agreed roughly with previous cluster analyses, which were derived from pedigree analysis. The physical distinctness of NA and Chinese cultivars shows that introgression of Chinese cultivars into NA breeding should broaden NA germplasm's agronomic, morphological, and biochemical diversity. Introgression may be accomplished most effectively by avoiding matings of Chinese and NA cultivars from the same phenotypic cluster.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cui, ZL and Carter, TE and Burton, JW and Wells, R}, year={2001}, pages={1954–1967} }
 @article{cui_carter_burton_2000, title={Genetic base of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars released during 1923 to 1995}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2000.4051470x}, abstractNote={A diverse genetic base is important to breeding progress. The genetic base of U.S. and Canadian (US‐CAN) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars is narrow. Modern Chinese soybean cultivars have been cited as a reservoir of genetic diversity for U.S. breeding. However, the genetic base of Chinese soybean cultivars is not well characterized. The purpose of this paper was to quantify the genetic base of Chinese soybean breeding by means of coefficient of parentage (CP) analysis and to compare it with that of US‐CAN soybean. Three hundred thirty‐nine ancestors were identified in the pedigrees of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars released during 1923–1995. Ancestors originating from China contributed 88% of the genes to the Chinese genetic base, and 45 exotic ancestors contributed 12%, as determined by CP analysis. Comparison of Chinese and US‐CAN bases showed that (i) the genetic base of Chinese soybean breeding was much larger than that of the US‐CAN and (ii) the Chinese base has continued to expand with time while the US‐CAN base has changed little. Analysis showed that 35 and 339 ancestors contributed 50 and 90% of the genes to Chinese soybean cultivars, while only five and 26 ancestors contributed similar amounts to the US‐CAN base. The three major soybean growing regions in China, Northeastern (NEC), Northern (NC) and Southern (SC) had little soybean ancestry in common with each other and constituted almost independent genetic bases. Each of the major Chinese growing regions had more ancestors and a more uniform distribution of ancestral contributions than did the total US‐CAN breeding effort. Although the genetic base of both Chinese and U.S. soybeans are dominated by Chinese landraces, no landraces were identified by name as common to both. In recent decades, 24 U.S. cultivars and lines have been bred to Chinese stock. These U.S. materials now constitute 7.3% of the genetic base for Chinese cultivars and have led to important yield advances in China. In contrast, U.S. breeding has made little use of Chinese cultivars. By virtue of their broad genetic base and isolation from U.S. cultivars, modern Chinese soybean cultivars are potentially important to U.S. breeding programs.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cui, ZL and Carter, TE and Burton, JW}, year={2000}, pages={1470–1481} }
 @article{zhou_carter_cui_miyazaki_burton_2000, title={Genetic base of Japanese soybean cultivars released during 1950 to 1988}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2000.4061794x}, abstractNote={Plant breeding success is dependent, in part, upon the genetic diversity found within applied breeding programs. To characterize genetic diversity in applied breeding, plant breeders have invoked the concept of genetic base, which can be defined as the ancestral pool from which breeding is derived. The genetic base of modern Japanese soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic base of Japanese soybean cultivars by coefficient of parentage (CP) analysis, to compare the genetic bases of major growing regions and release eras in Japan, and to compare the Japanese base with that of other countries. Seventy‐four ancestors were identified in the pedigrees of 86 public Japanese cultivars registered from 1950 to 1988. Ancestors originating from Japan contributed 76% of the genes to the Japanese breeding, while exotic ancestors from the USA and Canada (US‐CAN), China, and Korea contributed 2, 5, and 2%, respectively. The remaining portion of the base was of unknown, but presumed Japanese origin. Three major growing regions of Japan displayed very distinct genetic bases with at least 50% of the ancestral contribution unique to each region. Comparisons revealed that the Japanese base was more diverse than that of the US‐CAN. The more diverse genetic base was exemplified by (i) more ancestors accounting for 50 and 80% of the genes in Japanese breeding; (ii) a continual expansion of the genetic base since 1950, while the US‐CAN base remained relatively static; and (iii) a higher ratio of ancestors employed to cultivars released. The number of ancestors contributing to breeding in Japan was much smaller than that for China in terms of number of ancestors, even though both genetic bases expanded with time. The long history of soybean breeding in Japan, its diverse genetic base and its relative isolation from US‐CAN and China suggest that Japanese, Chinese, and North American breeding pools may serve as important reservoirs of diversity for each other. Twelve Japanese cultivars released from 1950 through 1988 derived at least 25% of their pedigree from improved U.S. or Chinese breeding materials.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Zhou, XL and Carter, TE and Cui, ZL and Miyazaki, S and Burton, JW}, year={2000}, pages={1794–1802} }
 @article{cui_carter_burton_2000, title={Genetic diversity patterns in Chinese soybean cultivars based on coefficient of parentage}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2000.4061780x}, abstractNote={China released 651 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars from 1923 to 1995. However, their diversity is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to quantify genetic diversity in Chinese cultivars via coefficient of parentage (CP), and the relative importance of geographical growing region, province of origin, intended cropping system, era of release, and breeder preferences in determining that diversity. A very low mean CP of 0.02 was found in Chinese soybean cultivars, suggesting the presence of a potentially high level of genetic diversity in Chinese soybean breeding. Cultivar pools from each of the three growing regions of China were almost completely unrelated to each other and exhibited low within‐region mean CP values (<0.06). Similarly, mean CP values within‐ and between‐provinces were low (0–0.2). Cropping systems and release eras also exhibited low within‐ and between‐CP relationships (all <0.07). The low CP values detected here for Chinese soybean breeding resulted from Chinese breeder initiatives to introduce new germplasm into applied Chinese breeding since the 1970s and from a strong tendency to avoid the mating of related parents. Half‐ and full‐sib matings and backcrossing are almost absent from Chinese pedigrees. Although mean CP for cultivars was low, cluster analysis proved to be a surprisingly effective discriminator of diversity patterns. This analysis assigned 270 cultivars to 20 clusters explaining 41% of the total variability in CP. Clusters were almost completely unrelated to each other and could be used as a basis for selection of parents for breeding. Pedigree analysis revealed that more than 30 cultivars grown currently in China trace to U.S. stocks. This successful use of U.S. germplasm in China may provide an important example for future U.S. breeding strategy.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cui, ZL and Carter, TE and Burton, JW}, year={2000}, pages={1780–1793} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_burton_carter_israel_1999, title={Soybean PI 416937 root system contributes to biomass accumulation in reciprocal grafts}, volume={91}, ISSN={["0002-1962"]}, DOI={10.2134/agronj1999.915840x}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introduction PI 416937 (PI4) has an extensive fibrous‐like root system that contributes to enhanced drought and Al tolerance. The root system of PI4 appears to be more highly nodulated than standard southern U.S. cultivars, and thus has potential for enhanced N2 fixation. Genetic transfer of PI4 root system to soybean cultivars may lead to increased seed N at harvest through increased biomass or seed protein concentration. This hypothesis has not been tested. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of PI4 root system on plant productivity and protein accumulation in soybean seedling reciprocal grafts grown to maturity in the field. In three experiments, grafts were initiated 5 d after greenhouse planting by transversely severing the hypocotyl 2 cm below the apical meristem and transferring wedge‐cut scions to severed root stock. Plants were then transplanted and grown in the field. PI 416937 maintained its superior root fibrosity in graft combination with other genotype scions. In Exp. 2, at the end of the season, plants of non‐PI4 scions grafted to PI4 root stock averaged significantly higher in root fibrosity score (8.2) than the mean of their self‐grafts (6.0); however, when PI4 scions were grafted to root stock from other genotypes, the root fibrosity score decreased significantly (6.6) compared with PI4 self graft (8.4). Thus, grafting revealed that the root system itself, rather than the scion of PI4, regulates expression of the fibrous‐like rooting trait. Seed protein concentration did not increase significantly for genotype scions grafted to PI4 root stock. In Exp. 3, ‘Lee 74’ or N85‐492 grafted to PI4 root stock had significantly higher seed dry weight (161.1 g plant−1 for Lee 74 grafted to PI4 vs. 96.4 g plant−1 for the self‐graft; 129.5 g plant−1 for N85‐492 grafted to PI4 vs. 79.4 g plant−1 for the self‐graft). The fibrous‐like root system of PI4 enhances seed biomass when grafted to some non‐PI4 genotypes. The genetic transfer of the PI4 rooting trait to elite germplasm through applied breeding may lead to the development of more productive soybean lines.}, number={5}, journal={AGRONOMY JOURNAL}, author={Pantalone, VR and Rebetzke, GJ and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Israel, DW}, year={1999}, pages={840–844} }
 @article{rebetzke_burton_carter_wilson_1998, title={Changes in agronomic and seed characteristics with selection for reduced palmitic acid content in soybean}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020003x}, abstractNote={Development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with reduced saturated fatty acid content is an important goal of soybean breeders. The objective of this study was to determine if genes for reduced palmitic acid content in the fatty acid germplasm N87-2122-4 were associated with changes in agronomic and seed quality characteristics. Approximately 22 reduced (54–72 g kg⁻¹) and 22 normal (90–119 g kg⁻¹) palmitic acid F₅:₇ lines were sampled from each of two crosses, N87-2122-4 × ‘Kenwood’ and N87-2122-4 × ‘P9273’ and grown in replicated tests at four North Carolina locations. Lines homozygous for the major reduced palmitic acid gene produced significantly (P 0.05) effect on linoleic and seed protein contents. Seed oil content was significantly (P < 0.05) greater among reduced palmitic acid lines in the N87- 2122-4 × Kenwood cross only. Genetic correlations were estimated among lines to examine the influence of selection for palmitic acid genetic modifiers on agronomic traits. Palmitic acid content was significantly (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with changes in oleic acid, and significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with changes linolenic acid contents. Genetic modifiers conditioning palmitic acid content seemed independent of genes controlling seed yield, suggesting that selection for reduced palmitic acid content among lines homozygous for the reduced palmitic acid gene may be achieved without a reduction in seed yield. Efforts to further reduce palmitic acid content in populations fixed for the major palmitic acid gene should improve the quality of soybean oils produced for food processing markets. Cooperative investigations of the USDA-ARS, and North Carolina Agric. Res. Serv., Raleigh, NC. Mention of propriety products are included for the benefit of the reader and do not imply endorsement by the USDA or North Carolina State University.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rebetzke, GJ and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Wilson, RF}, year={1998}, pages={297–302} }
 @article{burton_harlow_theil_1998, title={Evidence for reutilization of nodule iron in soybean seed development}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1532-4087"]}, DOI={10.1080/01904169809365453}, abstractNote={Abstract Iron (Fe) is required in plants for the function of the important processes of photosynthesis, respiration, DNA synthesis, and nitrogen (N) fixation. Concentrations of Fe show tissue specific changes during development. In soybean seeds, Fe accumulates through the linear phase of seed development, but the source of seed Fe, whether remobilized from other tissues or taken from the root environment, is not known. Root nodules of legumes have higher concentrations of Fe than other vegetative organs. To examine whether nodules could provide Fe to the seeds, two cultivars (Tokyo and Arksoy), differing in seed ferritin and Fe content were grown in a phytotron and given a single dose of 59Fe‐EDTA early in development [15 days after inoculation with Bradyrhizobium (DAI)]. The 59Fe distribution as well as immunoreactive ferritin were examined throughout development in nodule, leaf, and seed tissue. Leaves, nodules, and seeds accounted for 75 to 87% of the total plant 59Fe throughout the reproductive perio...}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION}, author={Burton, JW and Harlow, C and Theil, EC}, year={1998}, pages={913–927} }
 @article{rebetzke_burton_carter_wilson_1998, title={Genetic variation for modifiers controlling reduced saturated fatty acid content in soybean}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020004x}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oils with reduced palmitic acid concentrations should comply with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for vegetable oils with lower saturated fatty acid contents. This study was designed to investigate the genetic basis for reduced palmitic and stearic acid contents in the seed oil of reduced palmitic add germplasm, N87-2122-4. Crosses between N87-2122-4 and Midwest-adapted cultivars, Kenwood and P9273, revealed frequencies of reduced and normal palmitic acid among F 2 progeny consistent with segregation at a single major locus. There was a large phenotypic variation (15-30 g kg -1 ) for palmitic acid content measured on progeny homozygous for either reduced or normal palmitic acid alleles, however. Repeatability of this variation was examined in 87 reduced and normal palmitic F 5:7 lines randomly sampled from each cross. Reduced palmitic acid lines ranged between 54 and 72 g kg -1 , and normal palmitic acid lines between 90 and 119 g kg -1 for both crosses. No line produced significantly less palmitic acid than N87-2122-4 but 55% of the reduced palmitic acid lines were significantly greater (P 80%) for palmitic and stearic acid contents suggest that total saturates may be reduced by selection in few environments for major and modifier genes controlling reduced palmitic acid content.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rebetzke, GJ and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Wilson, RF}, year={1998}, pages={303–308} }
 @article{bianchi-hall_carter_rufty_arellano_boerma_ashley_burton_1998, title={Heritability and resource allocation of aluminum tolerance derived from soybean PI 416937}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020040x}, abstractNote={Aluminum toxicity restricts soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield in many growing areas. When correction of toxicity by management is impractical, an economically sound alternative is to develop Al tolerant cultivars. Heritability (h 2 ) estimates for Al tolerance in hydroponics would aid in the efficient design of selection programs for cultivar development. Our objectives were to determine the h 2 of Al tolerance in a F 4 -derived population using tap root extension in hydroponics culture as the indicator of tolerance. The 120 random F 4 -derived lines of sensitive 'Young' x tolerant PI 416937 were evaluated in the absence (NOAL) and presence (HIAL) of Al (2 μM Al 3+ activity) by means of a split-plot design. Aluminum stress increased seedling tap root extension 3% in PI 416937 and decreased extension in Young 53%. Mean progeny performance decreased 31%. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P < 0.05) progeny and progeny x Al interaction effects, indicating heritable genetic variation for Al tolerance. The h 2 under HIAL was moderate (0.57) on a single-replication basis and high (0.87) based upon five replicates, indicating the relative ease by which Al tolerance may be improved. Tolerance expressed as percent of control (PC) had a similar h 2 . Approximately 6% of the F 4 -derived progeny in this study were numerically similar to the parents for Al response under HIAL, suggesting that three to five genes may control Al tolerance and that a population size of 150 random inbred lines may be needed to assure full recovery of Al tolerance in the progeny of future breeding populations. Expected gain and risk avoidance analysis suggested that two or three replications are sufficient for initial screening of single seed descent (SSD) populations derived from the PI 416937 and that employment of this PI as a control enhances the ability of the breeder to discard inferior types during screening. Practical advice is presented to assist plant breeders in the efficient improvement of Al tolerance in soybean.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bianchi-Hall, CM and Carter, TE and Rufty, TW and Arellano, C and Boerma, HR and Ashley, DA and Burton, JW}, year={1998}, pages={513–522} }
 @article{burton_wilcox_wilson_novitzky_rebetzke_1998, title={Registration of low palmitic acid soybean germplasm lines N94-2575 and C1943}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800050059x}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm lines N94-2575 (Reg. no. GP-261, PI 602455) and C1943 (Reg. no. GP-262, PI 599811) were developed by the USDA-ARS (Raleigh, NC, and West Lafayette, IN) in cooperation with the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station and were released in July 1996 because of reduced concentration of palmitic acid in seed oil. Both lines have palmitic acid concentrations of approximately 40 g kg", which is 60 to 70 g kg" lower than soybean cultivars, and 20 g kg"' lower than other publicly released germplasm. Total saturated fatty acid (palmitic plus stearic acids) concentration in seed oil of the two germplasm lines is approximately 70 g kg". The two lines will be useful genetic resources for breeding low-saturated-fat soybean varieties. The germplasm N94-2575 is an F2.4 line from the cross (N902013 x C1726) sel. x N88-431 (2). N90-2013 was a low palmitic (60 g kg") line derived from a cross between PI 123440 andN792077-12. N79-2077-12 was a low palmitic selection from a recurrent selection population (1). C1726 was a low palmitic (80 g kg~') line developed by mutagenesis of the cultivar Century (2,3). N88-431 is a breeding line with good productivity, above-average protein content, and was selected from N84-1299 x N82-2037. The parentage of N82-2037 is N73-1102 x 330-26-294. N73-1102 is a selection from Tracy x Ransom (4,5). The paternal parent, 330-2629-4, is a selection from the third cycle of a recurrent selection population designated YC3 (6). N84-1299 is a selection from the first cycle of a recurrent selection population designated RS4 (7). N94-2575 was selected for release as germplasm because of its low palmitic and total saturated fatty acid concentrations in the seed oil. Averaged over 1993 to 1995 at Clayton, NC, seed oil of N942575 had a palmitic acid concentration of 39 g kg" and a total saturated fatty acid concentration of 66 g kg" (Table 1). Average total saturated fatty acid concentration of the cultivar Dare was 141 g kg". N94-2575 is late maturing (Maturity Group VII) and has very good seed quality. The germplasm C1943 is a Maturity Group III F4.6 line from the cross N79-2077-12 x C1726 (8). An F2 plant from this cross was identified that had 42 g kg" palmitic acid in the seed oil. The low palmitic acid concentration was confirmed in an F4.5 line progeny row derived from this plant and grown at West Lafayette, IN, in 1994. The F4:6 line was evaluated in a three-replicate test that included the cultivar Macon at West Lafayette in 1995. In this test, C1943 averaged 38 g kg" palmitic acid, compared with 102 g kg" for Macon (Table 2). C1943 matured at the same time and was similar in plant height and lodging resistance as Macon, but yielded less (2630 kg ha", compared with 3190 kg ha" for Table 2. Fatty acid concentration in seed oil of C1943 soybean and the check cultivar, Macon, grown at West Lafayette, IN.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burton, JW and Wilcox, JR and Wilson, RF and Novitzky, WP and Rebetzke, GJ}, year={1998}, pages={1407–1407} }
 @article{davis_meyers_burton_burton_1998, title={Resistance to root-knot, reinform, and soybean cyst nematodes in soybean breeding lines}, volume={30}, number={4, Suppl.}, journal={Journal of Nematology}, author={Davis, E. L. and Meyers, D. M. and Burton, J. W. and Burton, K. R.}, year={1998}, pages={530–541} }
 @article{kwanyuen_pantalone_burton_wilson_1997, title={A new approach to genetic alteration of soybean protein composition and quality}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0015-2}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Kwanyuen, P and Pantalone, VR and Burton, JW and Wilson, RF}, year={1997}, month={Aug}, pages={983–987} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_burton_wilson_1997, title={Genetic regulation of linolenic acid concentration in wild soybean Glycine soja accessions}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0162-5}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Pantalone, VR and Rebetzke, GJ and Burton, JW and Wilson, RF}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={159–163} }
 @article{rebetzke_pantalone_burton_carter_wilson_1997, title={Genotypic variation tor fatty acid content in selected Glycine max x Glycine soja populations}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700050038x}, abstractNote={Modifications in the fatty acid composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil may extend its utility to industrial markets currently serviced by other vegetable‐, mineral‐, or fossil‐based oils. However, extension into new markets depends on the development of soybean oils with increased concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Three wild soybean (G. soja Siebold & Zucc.) accessions possessing unique fatty acid profiles were intercrossed with the reduced saturate and polyunsaturate fatty acid germplasm, N87‐2122‐4, to produce widely segregating populations. Random F2 and F2:3 families from each population were grown, and seed fatty acid contents of individuals within families were analyzed. Genotypic differences for oil quality were significant among populations and families within populations. Individual families produced >140 and 175 g kg−1 palmitic and total saturated fatty acid contents, respectively. No family produced greater oleic acid content than N87‐2122‐4. Some families produced >640 g kg−1 linoleic acid and total polyunsaturates exceeding 720 g kg−1, while selected individuals produced >750 g kg−1 total polyunsaturates in both the F2:3 parental and F2:4 progeny generations. High narrow‐sense heritability estimates for palmitic (h2 = 0.67 to 0.98) and linoleic (h2 = 0.44 to 0.80) acid contents suggested that individual F2 plants can be selected for either trait. However, the smaller heritabilities for oleic (h2 = 0.36 to 0.66) and linolenic (h2 = 0.10 to 0.47) acid contents necessitate selection based on family means. Analyzing these selected wild soybean crosses has demonstrated G. soja may be a useful source of genes to extend genotypic variation for linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. Genes for greater saturate content in PI 424031 may extend variation currently available in mutant soybean germplasm. However, it appears unlikely that G. soja would be useful for increasing oleic acid content above levels in existing soybean mutants.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rebetzke, GJ and Pantalone, VR and Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Wilson, RF}, year={1997}, pages={1636–1640} }
 @article{manjarrezsandoval_carter_webb_burton_1997, title={Heterosis in soybean and its prediction by genetic similarity measures}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700050005x}, abstractNote={Coefficient of parentage (CP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism‐based genetic similarity estimates (RFLP‐GS) have been proposed as measures of genetic distance in crop species. If these measures are to have application in practical breeding, it is important to validate their utility in predicting genetic traits of interest such as heterosis. The objectives of this paper were to (i) estimate heterosis for yield in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] adapted to the southern USA, and (ii) predict heterosis by means of CP and RFLP‐GS as genetic distance measures. Twenty‐four F2 populations were developed by crossing three testers (‘Young’, ‘Centennial’, and ‘Tracy’) eight contrasting parents, representing a wide range of CP and RFLPGS. The experimental material was divided into three sets representing the testers above, and was evaluated in eight replications at Clayton and Plymouth, NC, in 1994. Midparent heterosis for yield was 7.9, 4.5, and 7.9% for Sets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Heterosis was 3.5, 1.6, and 3.0% for 100‐seed weight, and 4.1, 5.4, and 13.2% for plant height. The CP and RFLP‐GS were highly correlated (r = 0.80, 0.92 and 0.95 for Sets 1, 2, and 3, respectively, P = 0.01), but neither predicted heterosis well for yield averaged across locations because of a large genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. In contrast, CP and RFLP‐GS predicted heterosis well for 100‐seed weight and plant height in two of the three sets averaged over locations. Our estimates of high parent heterosis for yield (as high as 11% over locations), may justify soybean hybrids as a breeding objective. However, the limited predictive value of CP and RFLP‐GS in our study indicates that the identification of favorable heterotic combinations may require extensive field testing.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={ManjarrezSandoval, P and Carter, TE and Webb, DM and Burton, JW}, year={1997}, pages={1443–1452} }
 @article{israel_burton_1997, title={Nitrogen nutrition of soybean grown in coastal plain soils of North Carolina}, number={310}, journal={Technical Bulletin (North Carolina Agricultural Research Service)}, author={Israel, D. W. and Burton, J. W.}, year={1997} }
 @article{manjarrezsandoval_carter_webb_burton_1997, title={RFLP genetic similarity estimates and coefficient of parentage as genetic variance predictors for soybean yield}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700030002x}, abstractNote={RFLP genetic‐similarity estimates (RFLP‐GS) and coefficient of parentage (CP) have been used as measures of genetic similarity within crop species. However, practical application of these measures in plant breeding remains uncertain. This study was designed to probe the utility of RFLP‐GS and CP in predicting genetic variance (GV) for seed yield among inbred soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines. achieve this goal, five single seed descent populations were studied, representing a range of RFLP‐GS and CP between the parents from 57 to 75% and 0.06 to 0.5, respectively. The GV for yield was estimated for each population through field evaluation of 30 inbred lines per population, in two North Carolina field locations during 1994. Both RFLP‐GS and CP correctly identified the population with the highest GV; however, CP predicted GV for yield more efficiently (rCP.RFLP‐GS = 0.91*; rCP.GV = −0.81*; and rRFLP‐GS.GV = −0,58). The GV was near zero when the CP between parents was larger than 0.27 or when RFLP‐GS was larger than 75%. Neither genotype × environment interaction nor low field precision were factors for the lower predictive value of RFLP‐GS. Expected gains from selection agreed partially with RFLP‐GS results but closely matched CP and the actual fate of populations in a USDA breeding program. These results indicated that caution should be taken in an applied soybean breeding program when crossing parents with a relationship larger than half‐sib or when the RFLP‐GS is larger than 75% when yield improvement is the main breeding objective.}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={ManjarrezSandoval, P and Carter, TE and Webb, DM and Burton, JW}, year={1997}, pages={698–703} }
 @article{burton_carter_farmer_huie_1997, title={Registration of 'Clifford' soybean}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700060057x}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 37, Issue 6 cropsci1997.0011183X003700060057x p. 1980-1980 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Clifford’ Soybean J. W. Burton, Corresponding Author J. W. Burton [email protected] USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorT. E. Carter Jr., T. E. Carter Jr. USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorF. S. Farmer, F. S. Farmer USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorE. B. Huie, E. B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author J. W. Burton, Corresponding Author J. W. Burton [email protected] USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorT. E. Carter Jr., T. E. Carter Jr. USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorF. S. Farmer, F. S. Farmer USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorE. B. Huie, E. B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 1997 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700060057xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, Issue6November–December 1997Pages 1980-1980 RelatedInformation}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Farmer, FS and Huie, EB}, year={1997}, pages={1980–1980} }
 @article{carter_burton_bianchihall_farmer_huie_pantalone_1997, title={Registration of 'Graham' soybean}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010064x}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 37, Issue 1 cropsci1997.0011183X003700010064x p. 293-294 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Graham’ Soybean Thomas E. Carter Jr., Corresponding Author Thomas E. Carter Jr. tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu).Search for more papers by this authorJoseph W. Burton, Joseph W. Burton USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorCecilia Bianchi-Hall, Cecilia Bianchi-Hall USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorFred Farmer, Fred Farmer USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorEarl B. Huie, Earl B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorVincent R. Pantalone, Vincent R. Pantalone USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author Thomas E. Carter Jr., Corresponding Author Thomas E. Carter Jr. tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu).Search for more papers by this authorJoseph W. Burton, Joseph W. Burton USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorCecilia Bianchi-Hall, Cecilia Bianchi-Hall USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorFred Farmer, Fred Farmer USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorEarl B. Huie, Earl B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorVincent R. Pantalone, Vincent R. Pantalone USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1997 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010064xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, Issue1January–February 1997Pages 293-294 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Carter, TE and Burton, JW and BianchiHall, C and Farmer, F and Huie, EB and Pantalone, VR}, year={1997}, pages={293–294} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_wilson_burton_1997, title={Relationship between seed mass and linolenic acid in progeny of crosses between cultivated and wild soybean}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0003-021X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0181-2}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY}, author={Pantalone, VR and Rebetzke, GJ and Wilson, RF and Burton, JW}, year={1997}, month={May}, pages={563–568} }
 @misc{burton_1997, title={Soyabean (Glycine max (L) Merr)}, volume={53}, ISSN={["0378-4290"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00030-0}, abstractNote={Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most important dual-purpose crops in the world having a variety of uses as an oil and high-protein crop. Soy oil, as well as its oil-extracted meal, finds a number of uses for domestic, animal, and industrial purposes. Soybean finds a principal place in the agricultural production systems of many countries including the United States, China, Brazil, and Argentina besides finding an important place in the predominant cropping systems of several other countries of the world including India. Realizing the importance of soybean, extensive efforts have been undertaken globally to make genetic improvements to it through conventional breeding, which has been complemented by genomics and molecular marker technology in recent years. This has resulted in the development of a number of improved varieties for different agroecological zones, including high yield, high input use efficiency, photoperiod insensitivity, improved nodulation and nitrogen fixation ability, as well as resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This has led to an impressive improvement in production and productivity of soybean over the last 30 years. Despite its relatively large and complex genome, significant progress has been made toward development of molecular and cytogenetic tools. Simultaneously, remarkable progress has also been made in alien gene introgressions, marker-assisted breeding, and genetic transformation. Improvement in protein content and nutritional quality of soy grains and modification of the fatty acid profile of soy oil have established soybean as one of the most viable commercial crops. We discuss in this chapter, various aspects of soybean development covering its history and origin, crop biology, genetics, breeding, and crop improvements, as well as its industrial and domestics uses.}, number={1-3}, journal={FIELD CROPS RESEARCH}, author={Burton, JW}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={171–186} }
 @article{theil_burton_beard_1997, title={Sustainable solution for dietary iron deficiency through plant biotechnology and breeding to increase seed ferritin control}, volume={51}, number={Suppl. 4}, journal={European Journal of Clinical Nutrition}, author={Theil, E. C. and Burton, J. W. and Beard, J. L.}, year={1997}, pages={S28–31} }
 @article{burton_carter_huie_1996, title={Registration of 'Holladay' soybean}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600020045x}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 36, Issue 2 cropsci1996.0011183X003600020045x p. 467-467 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Holladay’ Soybean Joe W. Burton, Corresponding Author Joe W. Burton n/a@.dne USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorT. E. Carter Jr., T. E. Carter Jr. USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorE. B. Huie, E. B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author Joe W. Burton, Corresponding Author Joe W. Burton n/a@.dne USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorT. E. Carter Jr., T. E. Carter Jr. USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorE. B. Huie, E. B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 1996 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600020045xCitations: 25AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume36, Issue2March–April 1996Pages 467-467 RelatedInformation}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Burton, JW and Carter, TE and Huie, EB}, year={1996}, pages={467–467} }
 @article{burton_israel_wilson_carter_1995, title={EFFECTS OF DEFOLIATION ON SEED PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION IN NORMAL AND HIGH-PROTEIN LINES OF SOYBEAN}, volume={172}, ISSN={["0032-079X"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00020867}, number={1}, journal={PLANT AND SOIL}, author={BURTON, JW and ISRAEL, DW and WILSON, RF and CARTER, TE}, year={1995}, month={May}, pages={131–139} }
 @article{burton_carter_huie_1994, title={REGISTRATION OF BRIM SOYBEAN}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400010058x}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 34, Issue 1 cropsci1994.0011183X003400010058x p. 301-301 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Brim’ Soybean J. W. Burton, Corresponding Author J. W. Burton n/[email protected] USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorT. E. Carter Jr., T. E. Carter Jr. USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorE. B. Huie, E. B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author J. W. Burton, Corresponding Author J. W. Burton n/[email protected] USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorT. E. Carter Jr., T. E. Carter Jr. USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorE. B. Huie, E. B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1994 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400010058xCitations: 21AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume34, Issue1January–February 1994Pages 301-301 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={BURTON, JW and CARTER, TE and HUIE, EB}, year={1994}, pages={301–301} }
 @article{burton_wilson_brim_1994, title={Registration of N79-2077-12 and N87-2122-4, two soybean germplasm lines with reduced palmitic acid in seed oil}, volume={34}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400010080x}, abstractNote={Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines, N79-2077-12 (Reg. no. GP-154, P1 568260) and N87-2122-4 (Reg. no. GP155, P1 568261) were released in August 1990 and November 1991, respectively, by the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. Concentration of palmitic acid in the seed oil of N79-2077-12 is =60 mg goil, and that of N87-2122-4 is =53 mg goil. The palmitic acid concentration in oil of standard cultivars is -100 mg goil. The low-palmitic line N79-2077 was derived from the fifth cycle of a high oleic acid recurrent selection population (2). Parents of this population were P1 90406, P1 92567, and N692774. The parent line N69-2774 is a maintainer line for the male-sterile gene msl (1). It was derived from an outcrossed male-sterile plant that was discovered in a farmer's field. Thus, the genetic origin is unknown. Seed of a single-plant selection from N79-2077 in 1985 was bulked and grown each year from 1986 through 1990. This line was designated N79-2077-12. Assuming no out-crossing occurred in N79-2077 prior to 1985, N79-2077-12 would be an F9-derived line. Average palmitic acid concentration for the four years (1987-1990) was 60 mg g-' oil (Table 1). The low-palmitic line N87-2122-4 is an F6-derived line from a mating between N78-2245 and N79-2077. N78-2245 is a line with normal palmitic acid, increased oleic acid, and reduced linolenic acid levels. Both N78-2245 and N79-2077 were derived from the fifth cycle of the same high-oleic-acid recurrent selection population (2). Average palmitic concentration of N87-2122-4 for the four years (1987-1990) was 53 mg goil (Table 1). The parent, N78-2245, had average palmitic acid levels of 100 mg goil. Compared to N79-2077-12, the seed oil of N87-2122-4 has lower concentrations of palmitic and linolenic acids and a higher concentration of oleic acid (Table 1)N79-2077-12 has white flowers and grey pubescence. Seeds are yellow, with buff hila and shiny seed coat luster. Average seed size is 17.5 g 100-' seeds. In a full-season planting in North Carolina for years 1986 to 1989, its average flowering date (18 July) was 3 d earlier than the standard cultivar Essex. The average maturity date (8 October) was equal to that of Essex. The line, N87-2122-4, has purple flowers and grey pubescence. Seeds are yellow, with buff hila and shiny seed coat. Average seed size is 19.6 g 100 seeds". On full-season planting in North Carolina for the years 1988 to 1990, its average flowering date (14 July) was 6 d earlier than the standard cultivar Essex. The average maturity date (30 September) was 7 d earlier than Essex. Neither line has been tested for yielding ability. Fifty seeds each of N79-2077-12 and N87-2122-4 will be furnished for at least five years on request from the Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7631.}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Burton, J. W. and Wilson, R. F. and Brim, C. A.}, year={1994}, pages={313} }
 @article{burton_wilson_1994, title={Registration of N88-480, a soybean germplasm line with a high concentration of oil in seeds}, volume={34}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400010081x}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 34, Issue 1 cropsci1994.0011183X003400010081x p. 313-314 Registrations of Germplasm Registration of N88-480, a Soybean Germplasm Line with a High Concentration of Oil in Seeds J. W. Burton, Corresponding Author J. W. Burton n/a@.dne USDA-ARS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorR. F. Wilson, R. F. Wilson USDA-ARS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author J. W. Burton, Corresponding Author J. W. Burton n/a@.dne USDA-ARS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorR. F. Wilson, R. F. Wilson USDA-ARS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1994 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400010081xCitations: 18AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume34, Issue1January–February 1994Pages 313-314 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Burton, J. W. and Wilson, R. F.}, year={1994}, pages={313} }
 @article{burton_carver_1993, title={SELECTION AMONG S(1) FAMILIES VS SELFED HALF-SIB OR FULL-SIB FAMILIES IN AUTOGAMOUS CROPS}, volume={33}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300010002x}, abstractNote={In autogamous craps, half‐ and full‐sib families are rautinely generated in various systems of intermating. Usually, these families have not been used as units of selection, due to low expected gains relative to other selection units (e.g., S1 families). The use of selfed half‐ (SHS) or full‐sib (SFS) families, and differences in phenotypic variance between these and S1 families, might reduce the difference in expected gains between the selection methods. Our primary objective was to predict the expected gain fram selection on each family unit, based on a genetic model with additive and homozygous dominance effects. A second objective was to empirically estimate phenotypic variances among SHS, SFS, and S1 families derived fram random‐mating populations of wheat (Triticum aestirum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and use those estimates to compare expected gains. Estimates of phenotypic variance for yield of SFS wheat families (O2SFS) were small compared with estimates for S1 families (O2S1) due to smaller error variances. Phenotypic variances of SHS soybean families (O2SHS) tended to be smaller than those of S1 families for seed yield and size but not for seed pratein and oil concentrations. As with the wheat populations, error variances tended to be smaller for SHS families. The expected relative efficiencies of S1 family selection vs. SFS or SHS family selection are 1.14 (σSFS/σS1) in wheat and 2.29 (σSHS/σS1) soybean. Substituting phenotypic standard deviations into each formula resulted in no consistent advantage to using S1 family selection with the exception of seed pratein and oil in soybean. In conclusion, election among SHS or SFS families should be of greatest benefit for productivity traits that require larger seed quantifies for testing. These selection units allow larger plot sizes and/or increased replications, thereby impraving the precision of entry‐mcan estimates and reducing phenotypic variance.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={BURTON, JW and CARVER, BF}, year={1993}, pages={21–28} }
 @article{burton_fountain_meng_carter_1992, title={INTERPLANTING EARLY-MATURING AND LATE-MATURING SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN ALTERNATING STRIPS}, volume={5}, ISSN={["0890-8524"]}, DOI={10.2134/jpa1992.0100}, abstractNote={Interplanting late and early-maturing soybean cultivars [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] might increase crop yield, when compared with a monoculture, due to enhanced light and moisture use. To test this, cultivars of different maturity were planted in alternate strips of three 38-in. rows in six North Carolina environments. Five determinate cultivars were used, «Essex» and «Forrest», Maturity Group (MG) V; «Centennial», MG VI; «Ransom», MG VII; and «Johnston» MG VIII. The cultivars were blocked so that a late-maturing cultivar (MG VI, VII, or VIII) always bordered an early maturing cultivar (MG V)}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE}, author={BURTON, JW and FOUNTAIN, MO and MENG, X and CARTER, TE}, year={1992}, pages={100–103} }
 @article{burton_1991, title={RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING SOYBEANS FOR IMPROVED OIL QUALITY}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0931-5985"]}, DOI={10.1002/lipi.19910930402}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={FETT WISSENSCHAFT TECHNOLOGIE-FAT SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={BURTON, JW}, year={1991}, month={Apr}, pages={121–128} }
 @article{burton_koinange_brim_1990, title={RECURRENT SELFED PROGENY SELECTION FOR YIELD IN SOYBEAN USING GENETIC MALE-STERILITY}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000060013x}, abstractNote={The value of recurrent S1 line selection using genetic male sterility to achieve intercrosses has been questioned because of reduced seed set on male‐sterile S1 progenies, which can affect the precision of yield measurements. Recurrent S1 progeny selection for yield was practiced in two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] populations (designated II and III) that segregate for genetic male sterility. Recombination of selected lines was accomplished through insect pollination, and yield evaluations of S1 families disregarded the occurrence of male‐sterile plants in the plots. This study determined (i) rates of progress from four cycles of selection on seed yield in both populations and (ii) effects of selection for yield on other agronomic traits. Yield of Population II increased 76.6 ± 23.8 kg ha‒1 cycle‒1 (b ± SE), for a 2.1% yr‒1 increase; plant height increased 5.9% and lodging decreased 8.9% over the four cycles. Selection in Population III did not produce a significant (P > 0.05) linear increase in seed yield (only 37.7 ± 55.7 kg ha‒1 cycle‒1) and there were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in other traits. The success of selection for yield in Population II but not in Population III was most likely due to differences in genetic variability and heritability between the two. Because yield improvement was significant in Population II, it was concluded that segregation of male sterility in the S1 families was not a serious impediment to the evaluation of their relative yield potentials. Thus, genetic male sterility proved to be a useful tool for recurrent yield selection because of the ease with which selected lines are intermated.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={BURTON, JW and KOINANGE, EMK and BRIM, CA}, year={1990}, pages={1222–1226} }
 @article{burton_wilson_brim_rinne_1989, title={REGISTRATION OF SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINES WITH MODIFIED FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF SEED OIL}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183X002900060081x}, abstractNote={Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines, N85-2124 (MGV) (Reg. no. GP-114, PI 531519), and N85-2176 (MGIV) (Reg. no. GP-115, PI 531520) have been released because of their modified seed-oil quality. The seed oil of these lines has lower linolenic acid (3.3-4.0%) and higher oleic acid (32-44%) concentrations than most soybean cultivars currently available in the USA. (Table 1). Both are F5 lines from a cross between N78-2245 and PI 123440. N782245 is a line with high oleic acid concentration that was derived from the fifth cycle of a recurrent-selection experiment (1,2). Fatty acid composition of the two lines and their parents were evaluated with Tracy-M, a high oleic acid cultivar (E.E. Hartwig, 1981, personal communication) and N77-179, a standard type (Table 1). Investigation of the inheritance of fatty-acid composition in the plant population derived from this cross suggests that the low linolenic acid trait is controlled by recessive alleles at two major-genes loci, one pair contributed by N78-2245 and one pair contributed by PI 123440. Inheritance of higher oleic acid appears to be more complex. N85-2124 is of maturity group V with a determinate growth type, grey pubescence, purple flowers, and tan pods at maturity. Seed is yellow with buff hila. N8 5-2176 is of Maturity Group IV with an indeterminate growth type, tawny pubescence, white flowers, and tan pod wall at maturity. Seeds are yellow with brown or black hila. A sister line, N85-2131, of the above two was developed and released. It has seed-oil fatty-acid composition similar to N852124, but matures about 1 wk later. Seed yield of these lines has not been evaluated with improved cultivars of similar maturity. The germplasm lines were released by the USDA-ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in 1987. Quantities of 50 seed of each line will be furnished on request from the Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7631.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={BURTON, JW and WILSON, RF and BRIM, CA and RINNE, RW}, year={1989}, pages={1583–1583} }