@article{call_coble_perez-fernandez_2000, title={Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) herbicide susceptibility and competitiveness in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/0890-037x(2000)014[0252:tsasvh]2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={Abstract: Tropical soda apple (TSA) was evaluated for response to 28 herbicide treatments. Treatments containing picloram or triclopyr controlled eight-leaf, 16-leaf, and 1-yr-old TSA greater than 90% 8 wk after treatment (WAT). Control of 1-yr-old TSA did not increase 8 WAT when triclopyr was mixed in diesel fuel rather than water. In greenhouse additive interference experiments, populations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 TSA plants/700 cm2 of tall fescue had no effect on tall fescue height. TSA height was affected by TSA population, and intraspecific TSA competition was expressed as etiolation at densities greater than 4 plants/700 cm2. Averaged over five periods of competition, predicted yield losses of tall fescue were 14, 16, 29, and 31% and 1, 11, 19, and 23% for 8, 16, 32, and 64 TSA plants/700 cm2, respectively, for each experiment. Differences in tall fescue dry matter response between experiments were attributed to ambient temperature. Dry matter per individual TSA plant decreased from 1.7 to 0.3 g as TSA density increased from 1 to 64 plants/700 cm2. Percent canopy coverage of TSA relative to an area of 700-cm2 surface increased proportionally as tall fescue coverage decreased. After 10 wk of competition, TSA monopolized the canopy with coverage of 92 and 94%; tall fescue coverage was limited to only 7 and 5% in experiments I and II, respectively. Nomenclature: Picloram, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid; triclopyr, [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid; tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum Dunal #3 SOLVI; tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. # FESAR ‘Kentucky 31.’ Additional index words: Additive competitive design, chemical control, herbicides, weed density, Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke var. chatterjeeanum Sengupta, SOLVI. Abbreviations: TSA, tropical soda apple; WAT, weeks after treatment; WATP, weeks after transplanting.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Call, NM and Coble, HD and Perez-Fernandez, T}, year={2000}, pages={252–260} }
 @article{call_coble_1998, title={Phosphorus effects on tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal) growth and development}, volume={51}, number={1998}, journal={Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society}, author={Call, N. M. and Coble, H. D.}, year={1998}, pages={244–245} }
 @article{call_quesenberry_wofford_dunn_1997, title={Combining ability analysis of resistance to southern root-knot nematode in red clover}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010020x}, abstractNote={Production of red clover, Trifolium pratense L., is reduced in areas infested with root‐knot nematodes (RKN) in the southeastern USA. Although progress has been made in improving RKN resistance in red clover through recurrent selection, little information is available on the mode of inheritance of red clover resistance to any of the RKN species. This study was conducted from 1993 to 1995 in Florida to determine the mode of inheritance and relative importance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects in controlling resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood Race 3 in red clover. By means of a breeding population selected for low root galling and egg mass production when infested with M. incognita, four red clover plants were identified as resistant, three as intermediate, and two additional susceptible individuals were selected from ‘Kenstar’. These individuals were cloned and used as parents in a diallel genetic study. Forty‐eight progeny from each of 36 F1 crosses, without reciprocals, were evaluated under greenhouse conditions during 1995 for response to inoculation with 1500 M. incognita eggs per plant. Eight weeks after inoculation, the number of galls and egg masses on roots of each plant were counted under low power magnification (10–20 ✕). Resistant genotype 119 produced progeny with the least M. incognita reproduction and galling. Crosses involving the two susceptible genotypes, N1 and K4, resulted in the highest numbers of galls and egg masses. The GCA effects were significant for both traits, whereas SCA effects were not significant. These results indicate that for this set of parents, breeding procedures that utilize GCA effects to maximize exploitation of additive gene action should be most effective in improving resistance to M. incognita galling and reproduction.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Call, NM and Quesenberry, KH and Wofford, DS and Dunn, RA}, year={1997}, pages={121–124} }
 @article{call_quesenberry_dunn_1997, title={Meloidogyne javanica development in three clover populations}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010047x}, abstractNote={Root‐knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., cause damage to red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) which affects water and nutrient uptake and may predispose plants to other soil‐borne pathogens. Penetration and development of M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood three clover populations differing in resistance levels were evaluated in two greenhouse experiments conducted during 1994 and 1995. The RKN susceptible red clover cultivar ‘Kenstar’, a red clover breeding selection designated FLMR6 with moderate RKN resistance, and a highly RKN resistant species T. stoloniferum Mublenburg, running buffalo clover (RBC), were grown in Cone‐tainers and inoculated with 450 second‐stage juveniles (J2) 21 d after germination. Responses measured were numbers of J2, J3/J4 (third‐stage or fourth‐stage juvenile nematodes) and adults at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 80 (Exp. 2), and 120 (Exp. 1) days after inoculation (DAI). Fecundity was evaluated by counting number of egg‐masses and total number of eggs per plant at 80 and 120 DAI. More J2 were found in Kenstar roots than in FLMR6 and RBC roots at 4, 8, 36, 60, 80, and 120 DAI. More third or fourth stage juveniles (J3/J4) were found Kenstar and FLMR6 roots than in RBC at 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 80, and 120 DAI, and Kenstar J3/J4 numbers were higher than FLMR6 at 60 and 120 DAI. Fewer adults were found in FLMR6 roots than in Kenstar at 36, 48, 60, 80, and 120 DAI, but adult numbers in RBC roots were signiftcantly lower than in FLMR6 at these same dates. At 80 and 120 DAI, number of egg masses and total number of eggs were greater on Kenstar roots than on FLMR6a, nd total egg numbers on RBC were lower than on FLMR6. The resistance mechanisms in FLMR6 and RBC hindered normal M. javanica development because of a combination of slower maturation to later growth stages and fewer J3/J4 maturing to adults, which produced fewer J2 for secondary infection.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Call, NM and Quesenberry, KH and Dunn, RA}, year={1997}, pages={265–269} }
 @article{quesenberry_call_moon_dunn_1997, title={Response of native eastern North American Trifolium spp to root-knot nematodes}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010048x}, abstractNote={The true clovers (Trifolium spp.) are important pasture plants, but most of the cultivated species have low resistance to root‐knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp.). Plant introductions of seven Trifolium spp. native to eastern North America (T. bejariense Moric., T. calcaricum Collins & Weiboidt; T. carolinianum Michx., T. polymorphum Poir. ex Lam. & Poir.; T. reflexum L., T. stoloniferum Muhlenberg, and T. virginicum Small ex Small & Vail.) were evaluated in two greenhouse experiments, conducted in spring 1992 and 1993, for response to four RKN species, Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1, M. hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood race 3, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Additionally, T. riograndense Burkhart and one accession each of T. ambiguum M.B. and T. repens L. were evaluated. Responses determined were numbers of galls or egg masses 8‐wk after inoculation rated on a 0 to 5 scale where 0 is no galling or egg masses per plant and 5 is greater than 100. Among the annual species, T. carolinianum and T. bejariense were the most resistant annual species. Among the perennials, T. calcaricum and T. stoloniferum were highly resistant (ratings < 1.0) except that T. stoloniferum had an intermediate response to M. hapla (ratings of 2.5–3.5). Ttifolium polymorphum was variable in response among RKN. The kura and white clover lines and T. riograndense were highly susceptible to RKN (ratings > 4.5). The federally endangereds pecies, T. stoloniferum, rated less than 1.0 in response to M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. The recently described rare species, T. calcaricum, had the most resistant response of any species evaluated. These native eastern North American clovers may contain valuable genes for RKN resistance, but due to sexual incompatibility with the cultivated clover species, exploitation of such genes will require molecular methods of gene transfer.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Quesenberry, KH and Call, NM and Moon, DE and Dunn, RA}, year={1997}, pages={270–274} }