@article{vendra_neville_rabiei_2009, title={Fatigue in aluminum-steel and steel-steel composite foams}, volume={517}, ISSN={["1873-4936"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.msea.2009.03.075}, abstractNote={The compression–compression fatigue behavior of two classes of composite metal foams (CMF) manufactured using different processing techniques, was investigated experimentally. Aluminum–steel composite foam processed using gravity casting technique comprises of steel hollow spheres and a solid aluminum alloy matrix. Steel–steel composite foam, processed using powder metallurgy (PM) technique consists of steel hollow spheres packed in a steel matrix. Under compression fatigue loading, the composite foam samples showed a high cyclic stability at maximum stress levels as high as 90 MPa. The deformation of the composite foam samples was divided into three stages – linear increase in strain with fatigue cycles (stage I), minimal strain accumulation in large number of cycles (stage II) and rapid strain accumulation within few cycles culminating in complete failure (stage III). Composite foams under cyclic loading undergo a uniform distribution of deformation, unlike the regular metal foams, which deform by forming collapse bands at weaker sections. As a result, the features controlling the fatigue life of the composite metal foams have been considered as sphere wall thickness and diameter, sphere and matrix materials, processing techniques and the bonding strength between the spheres and matrix.}, number={1-2}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}, author={Vendra, Lakshmi and Neville, Brian and Rabiei, Afsaneh}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={146–153} }
 @article{neville_rabiei_2008, title={Composite metal foams processed through powder metallurgy}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0261-3069"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.026}, abstractNote={A new closed cell composite metal foam has been produced using a powder metallurgy technique. The composite foams are processed by filling the vacancies between densely packed steel hollow spheres with steel powder and sintering them into a solid cellular structure. Three sets of samples have been processed, two of carbon steel and one of stainless steel. The relative densities of the products were in the range of 32.4–38.9%. Although denser than other foams, the materials developed in this study display superior compressive strengths and energy absorption capabilities, which caused superior strength to density ratios in our samples compared to other foams made from similar materials. The plateau strength to density ratio for the carbon steel samples were in the range of 12–31.9 MPa/(g/cm3) and for stainless steel samples 43.7 MPa/(g/cm3). The energy absorption at densification for carbon steel samples ranged from 18.9 to 41.7 MJ/m3 and for the stainless steel sample 67.8 MJ/m3.}, number={2}, journal={MATERIALS & DESIGN}, author={Neville, B. P. and Rabiei, A.}, year={2008}, pages={388–396} }
 @article{rabiei_thomas_neville_lee_cuomo_2007, title={A novel technique for processing functionally graded HA coatings}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0928-4931"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.037}, abstractNote={Hydroxyapatite (HA) films were deposited using dual ion beam sputtering. Deposition was carried out with an in situ heat treatment at three temperature settings during deposition. X-ray diffraction of the films at the surface revealed that the deposited film is composed of hydroxyapatite crystalline and amorphous phases. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis displayed that the films have a graded crystal structure with the crystalline layer near the substrate and the amorphous layer at the top surface. Compositional analysis was performed using SEM-EDX at the top surface as well as STEM-EDX at the cross-section of the film. The average calcium to phosphorous ratio at the surface is 1.46, obtained by SEM-EDX. The Ca/P ratios in the crystalline and amorphous layers of the film are 1.6 to 1.7, close to the ratio of 1.67 for HA.}, number={3}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS}, author={Rabiei, A. and Thomas, B. and Neville, B. and Lee, J. W. and Cuomo, J.}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={523–528} }
 @article{rabiei_vendra_reese_young_neville_2006, title={Processing and characterization of a new composite metal foam}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1347-5320"]}, DOI={10.2320/matertrans.47.2148}, abstractNote={New closed cell composite metal foam has been processed using both casting and powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. The foam is comprised of steel hollow spheres packed into a dense arrangement, with the interstitial spaces between spheres occupied with a solid metal matrix. Using the casting technique, an aluminum alloy infiltrates the interstitial spaces between steel spheres. In the PM technique, steel spheres and steel powder are sintered to form a solid, closed cell structure. The measured densities of the Al-Fe composite foam, low carbon steel foam, and stainless steel foam are 2.4, 2.6, and 2.9 g/cm 3 with relative densities of 42, 34, and 37%, respectively. The composite metal foams composite materials developed in this study displayed superior compressive strength as compared to any other foam being produced with similar materials. The compressive strength of the cast Al-Fe foam averaged 67 MPa over a region of 10 to 50% strain, while the low carbon steel PM foam averaged 76 MPa over the same strain region, and the stainless steel PM foam averaged 136 MPa over the same region. Densification began at approximately 50% for the cast foam and ranged from 50 to 55% for the PM foams. The strength to density ratio of the product of both techniques exceeded twice that of foams processed using other techniques with similar materials.}, number={9}, journal={MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS}, author={Rabiei, Afsaneh and Vendra, Lakshmi and Reese, Nick and Young, Noah and Neville, Brian P.}, year={2006}, month={Sep}, pages={2148–2153} }