@article{fussnecker_mckenzie_grozinger_2011, title={cGMP modulates responses to queen mandibular pheromone in worker honey bees}, volume={197}, number={9}, journal={Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology}, author={Fussnecker, B. L. and McKenzie, A. M. and Grozinger, C. M.}, year={2011}, pages={939–948} } @article{fussnecker_grozinger_2008, title={Dissecting the role of Kr-h1 brain gene expression in foraging behavior in honey bees (Apis mellifera)}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1365-2583"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00819.x}, abstractNote={AbstractExpression of Krüppel homolog‐1 (Kr‐h1) in the honey bee brain is strongly associated with foraging behavior. We performed a series of studies to determine if Kr‐h1 expression correlates with specific aspects of foraging. We found that Kr‐h1 expression is unaffected by flight experience in male bees. Expression was unaffected by behavioral reversion of workers from foraging to brood care, suggesting that expression is not associated with the active performance of foraging, but rather with stable physiological changes. Kr‐h1 expression is increased by cGMP treatment in workers, and the Kr‐h1 promoter contains a conserved potential cGMP response element. Since cGMP treatment causes precocious foraging, our results suggest that Kr‐h1 expression is associated with cGMP‐mediated changes in the brain that occur early in the transition to foraging behavior.}, number={5}, journal={INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY}, author={Fussnecker, B. and Grozinger, C.}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={515–522} } @article{fussnecker_smith_mustard_2006, title={Octopamine and tyramine influence the behavioral profile of locomotor activity in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1879-1611"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.07.008}, abstractNote={The biogenic amines octopamine and tyramine are believed to play a number of important roles in the behavior of invertebrates including the regulation of motor function. To investigate the role of octopamine and tyramine in locomotor behavior in honey bees, subjects were injected with a range of concentrations of octopamine, tyramine, mianserin or yohimbine. Continuous observation of freely moving worker bees was used to examine the effects of these treatments on the amount of time honey bees spent engaged in different locomotor behaviors such as walking, grooming, fanning and flying. All treatments produced significant shifts in behavior. Decreases in time spent walking and increases in grooming or stopped behavior were observed for every drug. However, the pattern of the shift depended on drug, time after injection and concentration. Flying behavior was differentially affected with increases in flying seen in octopamine treated bees, whereas those receiving tyramine showed a decrease in flying. Taken together, these data provide evidence that octopamine and tyramine modulate motor function in the honey bee perhaps via interaction with central pattern generators or through effects on sensory perception.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Fussnecker, Brendon L. and Smith, Brian H. and Mustard, Julie A.}, year={2006}, month={Oct}, pages={1083–1092} }