@article{shah_westerman_munilla_adcock_baughman_2008, title={Design and evaluation of a regenerating scrubber for reducing animal house emissions}, volume={51}, DOI={10.13031/2013.24217}, abstractNote={Animal houses can emit substantial quantities of air pollutants. Compared with other pollutants, ammonia is emitted from animal houses in relatively large quantities and can have adverse public health and environmental impacts. This article describes the development and evaluation of a novel scrubber prototype, consisting of an endless polypropylene screen running in a trough of alum solution, that could be used to reduce ammonia emissions from animal houses. When building exhaust ventilation air contacts the screen, ammonia is dissolved in the aqueous solution on the screen and transported into the trough. Low ammonia concentration ( 66 h of evaluation under low and high concentration conditions, with a weighted average airflow rate of 0.93 m3 s-1 and velocity of 0.52 m s-1, the scrubber reduced ammonia emissions by 58.3%. Compared with commercial spray and packed column scrubbers used in industry, it had a lower pressure drop (~110 Pa). It also had a low water consumption of ~1 mL m-3 treated air. Further evaluation of the scrubber in different types of animal houses and for different pollutants is required. Its design should be improved to increase ammonia removal efficiency and reduce pressure drop, footprint size, and cost. There is also need to model gas transfer in this type of scrubber.}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Shah, Sanjay and Westerman, P. W. and Munilla, R. D. and Adcock, M. E. and Baughman, G. R.}, year={2008}, pages={243–250} }
 @article{heber_lim_ni_tao_schmidt_koziel_hoff_jacobson_zhang_baughman_2006, title={Quality-assured measurements of animal building emissions: Particulate matter concentrations}, volume={56}, ISSN={["2162-2906"]}, DOI={10.1080/10473289.2006.10464569}, abstractNote={Abstract Federally funded, multistate field studies were initiated in 2002 to measure emissions of particulate matter (PM) <10 μm (PM10) and total suspended particulate (TSP), ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane, non-methane hydrocarbons, and odor from swine and poultry production buildings in the United States. This paper describes the use of a continuous PM analyzer based on the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). In these studies, the TEOM was used to measure PM emissions at identical locations in paired barns. Measuring PM concentrations in swine and poultry barns, compared with measuring PM in ambient air, required more frequent maintenance of the TEOM. External screens were used to prevent rapid plugging of the insect screen in the PM10 preseparator inlet. Minute means of mass concentrations exhibited a sinusoidal pattern that followed the variation of relative humidity, indicating that mass concentration measurements were affected by water vapor condensation onto and evaporation of moisture from the TEOM filter. Filter loading increased the humidity effect, most likely because of increased water vapor adsorption capacity of added PM. In a single layer barn study, collocated TEOMs, equipped with TSP and PM10 inlets, corresponded well when placed near the inlets of exhaust fans in a layer barn. Initial data showed that average daily mean concentrations of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations at a layer barn were 1440 ± 182 μg/m3 (n = 2), 553 ± 79 μg/m3 (n = 4), and 33 ± 75 μg/m3 (n = 1), respectively. The daily mean TSP concentration (n =1) of a swine barn sprinkled with soybean oil was 67% lower than an untreated swine barn, which had a daily mean TSP concentration of 1143 ± 619 μg/m3. The daily mean ambient TSP concentration (n = 1) near the swine barns was 25 ± 8 μg/m3. Concentrations of PM inside the swine barns were correlated to pig activity.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION}, author={Heber, Albert J. and Lim, Teng-Teeh and Ni, Ji-Qin and Tao, Pei-Chun and Schmidt, Amy M. and Koziel, Jacek A. and Hoff, Steven J. and Jacobson, Larry D. and Zhang, Yuanhui and Baughman, Gerald B.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={1642–1648} }
 @article{bottcher_munilla_baughman_keener_2000, title={Designs for windbreak walls for mitigating dust and odor emissions from tunnel ventilated swine buildings}, ISBN={1892769107}, DOI={10.13031/2013.83}, abstractNote={Although windbreak walls have traditionally been applied to reduce ground-level wind speeds and enhance snow deposition, windbreak walls have also recently been placed downwind of animal buildings in efforts to control emissions of dust and odors. In particular, windbreaks placed near exhaust fans on tunnel-ventilated livestock and poultry buildings appear promising, primarily because the air jets issuing from the exhaust fans are diverted upward. This effect promotes mixing of the odorous, dusty airflow with the wind passing over the building, so that the plumes of air pollutants originating from the fans are made larger (extend higher). Thus it is reasonable to expect that in some wind conditions the aerial concentration of odorous vapors, dust, and other air pollutants in the breathing space of downwind neighbors will be reduced by improvement in air mixing at the emission sources (the fans). Windbreak structures may either be designed to withstand the same wind speeds as the buildings and be insured with the buildings, or lower wind speeds at reduced cost. Relevant design considerations and low-cost designs using UV-resistant tarpaulin or plastic material, roofing, or wood fastened to anchored pipe frames or posts are discussed. If the windbreaks are not designed for maximum design wind speeds, a method of ensuring non-catastrophic failure is needed, such as breakaway ties fastening material to frames. The location of the windbreak affects the diversion of airflow from exhaust fans. Further modeling and field evaluations are needed to determine beneficial and potential adverse effects of fan plume deflection. Observations of windbreak action in several locations suggest that the windbreaks should be placed two to four fan diameters downwind from the fans to deflect fan airflow without back pressures, and extend high enough to fully intercept the plumes of airflow issuing from the fans (e.g. 4 m high for typical buildings).}, journal={Swine housing : proceedings of the first international conference : October 9-11, 2000, Des Moines, Iowa}, publisher={St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers}, author={Bottcher, R. W. and Munilla, R. D. and Baughman, G. R. and Keener, K. M.}, year={2000}, pages={174} }
 @article{koch_axtell_baughman_1977, title={A suction trap for hourly sampling of coastal biting flies}, volume={37}, number={4}, journal={Mosquito News}, author={Koch, H. G. and Axtell, R. C. and Baughman, G. R.}, year={1977}, pages={674–681} }