@article{needham_webb_baynes_riviere_craigmill_tell_2007, title={Current update on drugs for game bird species}, volume={231}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.231.10.1506}, abstractNote={JAVMA, Vol 231, No. 10, November 15, 2007 T USDA considers game bird species to include grouse, guineafowl, partridges, pigeons (squabs), quail, pheasants, ducks, geese, and wild turkey. According to USDA regulations, although these game bird species may not be hunted in the wild for the purpose of being sold for human consumption, they may be sold for food when raised in captivity. In the United States, over 8 billion chickens and 220 million domestic turkeys are sold for human food consumption on an annual basis. In comparison, 37 million quail, 4 million chukars, 10 million pheasants, and 1 million mallard ducks are reportedly sold for food. Veterinarians who treat game birds need access to therapeutic drugs and need to be able to provide appropriate WDIs to ensure that drug residues will not enter the food chain. The purpose of this digest is to familiarize veterinarians with the few drugs that are approved for use in game birds and to provide information on the status of ELDU in these species.}, number={10}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Needham, Martha L. and Webb, Alistair I. and Baynes, Ronald E. and Riviere, Jim E. and Craigmill, Arthur L. and Tell, Lisa A.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={1506–1508} }
 @article{payne_craigmill_riviere_webb_2006, title={Extralabel use of penicillin in food animals}, volume={229}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.229.9.1401}, abstractNote={Penicillin is one of the most commonly detected drug residues in tissues and milk, and is the antimicrobial for which information is most often sought through FARAD.}, number={9}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Payne, Michael A. and Craigmill, Arthur and Riviere, Jim E. and Webb, Alistair I.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={1401–1403} }
 @book{craigmill_riviere_webb_2006, title={Tabulation of FARAD Comparative and Veterinary Pharmacokinetic Data}, ISBN={0813813492}, publisher={Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing}, author={Craigmill, A. L. and Riviere, J. E. and Webb, A. L.}, year={2006} }
 @article{haskell_payne_webb_riviere_craigmill_2005, title={Antidotes in food animal practice}, volume={226}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2005.226.884}, abstractNote={1Because there is little economic incentive for pharmaceutical companies to pursue antidote approval for a limited market, it is unlikely that this situation will change in the near future. In most instances, practitioners seeking to treat food animals for toxicoses are compelled to either use products in an extralabel manner or to compound antidotes from bulk sources. There are relatively few data from which scientifically based withdrawal intervals (WDIs) may be developed for the protection of human health. This Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) Digest provides a summary of regulatory and scientific information regarding the most commonly recommended antidotes used in food animals. None of the drugs covered in this digest have been approved by the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA/CVM) as New Animal Drugs. The information on residues presented in this digest is for the antidotes, not for the toxicants. When an antidote must be used to treat a food animal for a toxicosis, a WDI to ensure depletion of the toxicant is also required, and it may be longer than the WDI for the antidote. FARAD can provide WDI recommendations for a wide range of toxicants; however, these recommendations must be made on a case-by-case basis because of differences in exposure route, dose, and duration. Unapproved Veterinary Antidotes Marketed with Veterinary Labels The FDA/CVM has applied regulatory discretion and does not prohibit the commercial manufacture and marketing of several veterinary antidotes. These products do not have New Animal Drug Approval (NADA) numbers and have not been formally approved by the FDA/CVM. These products are manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practices, and their labels are reviewed and on file with the FDA/CVM. They may be used as antidotes in food animals, although higher dosages or more prolonged treatment than that indicated on the labels may be necessary. Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act requirements do not apply to these drugs because they are not approved drugs; however, veterinarians are strongly encouraged to follow AMDUCA requirements when using these drugs. 2}, number={6}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Haskell, SRR and Payne, M and Webb, A and Riviere, J and Craigmill, AL}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={884–887} }
 @article{gehring_merwe_pierce_baynes_craigmill_riviere_2005, title={Multivariate meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies of ampicillin trihydrate in cattle}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.108}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Gehring, R and Merwe, D and Pierce, AN and Baynes, RE and Craigmill, AL and Riviere, JE}, year={2005}, month={Jan}, pages={108–112} }
 @article{gehring_baynes_wang_craigmill_riviere_2004, title={A web-based decision support system to estimate extended withdrawal intervals}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1872-7107"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.compag.2004.05.002}, abstractNote={All drugs approved for use in food-producing animals have a withdrawal interval to prevent residues in food of animal origin that are potentially harmful to consumers. These withdrawal times must be appropriately extended if the drug is used in an extralabel manner. This paper describes a web-based application that was developed to facilitate the calculation of extended withdrawal intervals based on information in the databases maintained by members of the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) and using the Extrapolated Withdrawal Interval Estimator (EWE) algorithm. The implementation of this application was illustrated using a group of antimicrobials that are used in cattle and swine. The use of this application has been limited to staff veterinarians working for FARAD since limitations in the available pharmacokinetic data require that results are interpreted by personnel with in-depth knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of drugs in food-producing animals.}, number={2}, journal={COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE}, author={Gehring, R and Baynes, RE and Wang, J and Craigmill, AL and Riviere, JE}, year={2004}, month={Aug}, pages={145–151} }
 @article{craigmill_miller_gehring_pierce_riviere_2004, title={Meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic data of veterinary drugs using the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank: oxytetracycline and procaine penicillin G}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0140-7783"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00606.x}, abstractNote={Investigators frequently face the quandary of how to interpret the oftentimes disparate pharmacokinetic parameter values reported in the literature. Combining of data from multiple studies (meta‐analysis) is a useful tool in pharmacokinetics. Few studies have explored the use of meta‐analysis for veterinary species. Even fewer studies have explored the potential strengths and weaknesses of the various methods of performing a meta‐analysis. Therefore, in this study we performed a meta‐analysis for oxytetracycline (OTC) and procaine penicillin G (PPG) given intramuscularly to cattle. The analysis included 28 individual data sets from 18 published papers for PPG (288 data points), and 41 individual data sets from 25 published papers for OTC (489 data points). Three methods were used to calculate the parameters. The first was a simple statistical analysis of the parameter values reported in each paper. The second method was a standard Two‐Stage Method (TSM) using the mean concentration vs. time data extracted from each paper. The third method was the use of nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NMEM) of the concentration vs. time data reported in the various papers, treating the mean data as if each set came from an individual animal. The results of this evaluation indicate that all three methods generate comparable mean parameter estimates for OTC and PPG. The only significant difference noted was for OTC absorption half‐lives taken from the published literature, a difference attributable to the use of an alternative method of parameter calculation. The NMEM procedure offers the possibility of including covariates such as dose, age, and weight. In this study the covariates did not influence the derived parameters. A combination approach to meta‐analysis of published mean data is recommended, where the TSM is the first step, followed by the NMEM approach.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS}, author={Craigmill, AL and Miller, GR and Gehring, R and Pierce, AN and Riviere, JE}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={343–353} }
 @article{baynes_payne_martin-jimenez_abdullah_anderson_webb_craigmill_riviere_2000, title={Extralabel use of ivermectin and moxidectin in food animals}, volume={217}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2000.217.668}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Baynes, RE and Payne, M and Martin-Jimenez, T and Abdullah, AR and Anderson, KL and Webb, AI and Craigmill, A and Riviere, JE}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={668–671} }
 @article{craigmill_riviere_webb_2000, title={Food safety, FARAD, and Residue Avoidance in the 6th millenium}, volume={23}, number={Suppl 1 CD}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, author={Craigmill, A. L. and Riviere, J. E. and Webb, A. L.}, year={2000} }
 @misc{riviere_martin-jimenez_baynes_craigmill_2000, title={Methods, systems and products for determining drug withdrawal intervals}, volume={6,066,091}, number={2000 May 23}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Riviere, J. E. and Martin-Jimenez, T. and Baynes, R. E. and Craigmill, A. L.}, year={2000}, month={May} }
 @article{payne_baynes_sundlof_craigmill_webb_riviere_1999, title={Drugs prohibited from extralabel use in food animals}, volume={215}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Payne, M. A. and Baynes, R. E. and Sundlof, S. F. and Craigmill, A. and Webb, A. I. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1999}, month={Jul}, pages={28–32} }
 @article{baynes_martin-jimenez_craigmill_riviere_1999, title={Estimating provisional acceptable residues for extralabel drug use in livestock}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1096-0295"]}, DOI={10.1006/rtph.1999.1302}, abstractNote={In 1996, the United States Congress passed legislation (Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act, AMDUCA), which allows some veterinary or human drugs to be used off label in food-producing animals. In order to implement this Act and protect the U.S. consumer, tolerances or safe concentrations are required before a withdrawal time can be estimated for extralabel drug use. Use of foreign MRLs to satisfy these data needs may not be applicable because of differences in safety standards between the U.S. and other countries. This paper presents strategies that can be used to derive equivalent safe concentrations, referred to as provisional acceptable residues (PARs), that may then be used to estimate drug withdrawal times. Health-based methods are proposed for calculating a PAR for a tissue. Procedure A partitions 50% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) to edible tissues and reserves the remainder for milk. Procedure B equally partitions the ADI into all edible tissues. Procedure C partitions 50% of the ADI to milk and equally partitions the remaining 50% ADI into edible tissues. Simulations were performed for florfenicol, tetracycline, dexamethasone, azaperone, ivermectin, eprinomectin, and doramectin. In general, these simulations resulted in derivation of conservative PARs, which did not result in daily intakes of residues greater than the health-based ADI. These simulations demonstrated that provided the safe concentrations or equivalent PARs are based on rigorous toxicology safety data (e.g., NOELs, ADIs), the safety of food animal products will not be compromised. It is proposed that these PARs can be used for estimating withdrawal times after extralabel drug use or inadvertent exposure to an environmental contaminant where no approved withdrawal time exists. Finally, implementing similar transparent methods could have a positive impact on international harmonization and trade.}, number={3}, journal={REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY}, author={Baynes, RE and Martin-Jimenez, T and Craigmill, AL and Riviere, JE}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={287–299} }
 @article{payne_craigmill_riviere_baynes_webb_sundlof_1999, title={The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (Farad): Past, Present and Future}, volume={15}, ISSN={0749-0720}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30208-5}, DOI={10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30208-5}, abstractNote={The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) was created in 1982 as a cooperative state and federal educational outreach program. FARAD's mission has remained unchanged in the last fifteen years: to assist producers, veterinarians, and allied professionals in the production of animal foods free of illegal chemical contaminants. At its core, FARAD is a collection of databases that users can efficiently access with the assistance of program experts. In order to meet emerging challenges related to technical and trade issues in food safety, current FARAD projects include inter-species data extrapolation, novel kinetic modeling, and international information exchange.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Payne, Michael A. and Craigmill, Arthur L. and Riviere, Jim E. and Baynes, Ronald E. and Webb, Alistair I. and Sundlof, Stephen F.}, year={1999}, month={Mar}, pages={75–88} }
 @article{rangel-lugo_payne_webb_riviere_craigmill_1998, title={Prevention of antibiotic residues in veal calves fed colostrum}, volume={213}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Rangel-Lugo, M. and Payne, M. and Webb, A. I. and Riviere, J. E. and Craigmill, A.}, year={1998}, pages={40–42} }
 @article{riviere_webb_craigmill_1998, title={Primer on estimating withdrawal times after extralabel drug use}, volume={213}, number={7}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Riviere, J. E. and Webb, A. I. and Craigmill, A. L.}, year={1998}, pages={966–968} }
 @article{damian_craigmill_riviere_1997, title={Extralabel use of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs}, volume={211}, number={7}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Damian, P. and Craigmill, A. L. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1997}, pages={860–861} }
 @article{martin jimenez_craigmill_riviere_1997, title={Extralabel use of oxytetracycline}, volume={211}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Martin Jimenez, T. and Craigmill, A. L. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1997}, pages={42–44} }
 @article{craigmill_rangellugo_damian_riviere_1997, title={Extralabel use of tranquilizers and general anesthetics}, volume={211}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Craigmill, A. L. and Rangellugo, M. and Damian, P. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1997}, pages={302–304} }
 @article{damian_craigmill_riviere_1997, title={FARAD digest: breaking new ground}, volume={210}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Damian, P. and Craigmill, A. L. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1997}, pages={633–634} }
 @article{baynes_craigmill_riviere_1997, title={Residue avoidance after topical application of veterinary drugs and parasiticides}, volume={210}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Baynes, R. E. and Craigmill, A. L. and Riviere, Jim E.}, year={1997}, pages={1288–1289} }
 @book{crosier_riviere_craigmill_1996, title={Comprehensive compendium of food animal drugs: the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank tradename file}, publisher={Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press}, author={Crosier, K. K. and Riviere, J. E. and Craigmill, A. L.}, year={1996} }
 @book{sundlof_riviere_craigmill_1995, title={Handbook of comparative veterinary pharmacokinetics and residues of pesticides and environmental contaminants}, ISBN={0-8493-3213-3}, publisher={Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.}, author={Sundlof, S. F. and Riviere, J. E. and Craigmill, A. L.}, year={1995} }
 @book{craigmill_sundlof_riviere_1994, title={Handbook of comparative pharmacokinetics and residues of veterinary therapeutic drugs}, ISBN={0849332125}, journal={Handbook of comparative pharmacokinetics and residues of veterinary therapeutic drugs}, publisher={Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.}, author={Craigmill, A. L. and Sundlof, S. F. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1994} }
 @book{sundlof_riviere_craigmill_1992, title={Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank trade name file: a comprehensive compendium of food animal drugs}, volume={9th ed.}, publisher={Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press}, author={Sundlof, S. F. and Riviere, J. E. and Craigmill, A. L.}, year={1992}, pages={457} }
 @article{craigmill_sundlof_riviere_1991, title={FARAD - The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank}, volume={62}, journal={Extension Review}, author={Craigmill, A. L. and Sundlof, S. F. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1991}, pages={16} }
 @book{craigmill_sundlof_riviere_1991, title={FARAD: Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank}, journal={FACTSHEET}, institution={Washington, DC: USDA Extension Service}, author={Craigmill, A. and Sundlof, S. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1991} }
 @book{riviere_craigmill_sundlof_1991, title={Handbook of comparative pharmacokinetics and residues of veterinary antimicrobials}, ISBN={0 8493 3211 7}, DOI={10.1201/9781351071055}, abstractNote={The major objective of this handbook is to compile-in tabular form-the pharmacokinetic parameters of antimicrobial drugs used in food animals. This unique publication represents data from the FARAD (Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank) databank, established by the authors under the auspices of the U.S.D.A. and contains significant amounts of previously unavailable information. This updated, one-of-a-kind volume even features additional data on laboratory rodents, dogs, cats, and horses in order to facilitate broader interspecies extrapolations. This easy-to-use reference is timely as well as invaluable to animal scientists, veterinarians, pharmacologists, and toxicologists who work with antimicrobials in chickens, turkeys, dairy and beef cattle, swine, goats, and sheep.}, publisher={Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.}, author={Riviere, J. E. and Craigmill, A. L. and Sundlof, S. F.}, year={1991} }
 @article{sundlof_craigmill_riviere_1991, title={The use of the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank in reducing residues}, volume={198}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Sundlof, S. F. and Craigmill, A. L. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1991}, pages={816–819} }
 @inproceedings{craigmill_sundlof_riviere_1990, title={The role of FARAD in food contamination mitigation and prevention}, volume={4}, ISBN={9637149120}, booktitle={Veterinary Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapy in Food Producing Animals. Proceed. 4th Congress European Assoc. Vet. Pharmacol. Toxicol.}, author={Craigmill, A. L. and Sundlof, S. F. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1990}, pages={255–258} }
 @inproceedings{sundlof_riviere_craigmill_1988, title={Coping with the information explosion in pharmacology: the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank}, volume={6}, booktitle={Proc. 6th Biennial Symp. Am. Acad. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther.}, author={Sundlof, S. F. and Riviere, J. E. and Craigmill, A. L.}, year={1988}, pages={82–82} }
 @article{sundlof_riviere_craigmill_buck_1986, title={Computerized Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank for veterinarians}, volume={183}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Sundlof, S. F. and Riviere, J. E. and Craigmill, A. L. and Buck, W. B.}, year={1986}, pages={73–76} }
 @misc{sundlof_craigmill_riviere_1986, title={FOOD ANIMAL RESIDUE AVOIDANCE DATA-BANK (FARAD) - A PHARMACOKINETIC-BASED INFORMATION RESOURCE}, volume={9}, ISSN={["0140-7783"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2885.1986.tb00037.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS}, author={SUNDLOF, SF and CRAIGMILL, AC and RIVIERE, JE}, year={1986}, month={Sep}, pages={237–245} }
 @article{riviere_craigmill_sundlof_1986, title={Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD): An Automated Pharmacologic Databank for Drug and Chemical Residue Avoidance}, volume={49}, ISSN={0362-028X 1944-9097}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.10.826}, DOI={10.4315/0362-028X-49.10.826}, abstractNote={The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) is a comprehensive computerized databank of regulatory and pharmacologic information useful for mitigation of drug and chemical residue problems in food-producing animals. For drugs, the databank contains information on proprietory products, labelled indications for use, and approved withdrawal and milk discard times. For drugs and chemicals, data are available on physiochemical properties of the chemical or generic drug, on tissue, egg and milk tolerances of these compounds, and on their pharmacokinetic behavior. This latter category is the most unique aspect of FARAD as it involves an extensive statistical analysis of published data, which results in estimates of the rates of depletion of these compounds in target animal species. These data have not been previously available. All data in FARAD are linked to specific sources which are listed in a citation file. Finally, resources produced as a result of USDA Residue Avoidance Program projects are listed in the database. Access to the databank is available at three regional access centers in California (916-752-7507), Illinois (217-333-3611) and Florida (904-392-4085), while the databank is maintained at a data analysis and support center in North Carolina. FARAD presently contains over 7,000 records with information on 250 compounds, and is supported by the USDA-Extension Service's Residue Avoidance Program.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Food Protection}, publisher={International Association for Food Protection}, author={Riviere, J. Edmond and Craigmill, Arthur L. and Sundlof, Stephen F.}, year={1986}, month={Oct}, pages={826–830} }
 @inproceedings{craigmill_sundlof_riviere_1986, title={The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD): A computer databank of the pharmacokinetics of drugs, pesticides and environmental chemicals in food animals}, volume={3}, ISBN={0852009321}, booktitle={Comparative veterinary pharmacology, toxicology, and therapy: proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, August 25-29, 1985, Ghent, Belgium}, publisher={Boston: MTP Press Ltd.}, author={Craigmill, A. L. and Sundlof, S. F. and Riviere, J. E.}, year={1986}, pages={225–231} }
 @inproceedings{riviere_craigmill_sundlof_1985, title={Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Food Science Symposium VI: Assuring Meat Wholesomeness, The Residue Avoidance Issue}, author={Riviere, J. E. and Craigmill, A. L. and Sundlof, S. F.}, year={1985}, pages={G1–5} }
 @inproceedings{martin-jimenez_baynes_craigmill_riviere, title={Extralabel Withdrawal-interval Estimator (EWE) algorithm. An automated approach to establishing extralabel withdrawal times}, volume={11}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Symposium of American Acadamic Veterinary Pharmacologic Therapeutics}, author={Martin-Jimenez, T. and Baynes, R. and Craigmill, A. and Riviere, J.}, pages={49–63} }