@article{george_yang_wang_sharma-shivappa_tungate_2010, title={Suitability of Canola Residue for Cellulosic Ethanol Production}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/ef1002155}, abstractNote={The acreage of winter canola in the Southeastern United States is presently limited but is expected to increase in the future as demand for biodiesel grows. The residue production of canola is known to be relatively high in comparison to other grain crops. Only the seed of canola is currently harvested and utilized, but if canola is to be grown more widely the crop residue could potentially be used for biofuel production. This proof of concept study investigated the value of canola crop residue as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. The mean dry yield of residue for canola was found to be approximately 9 Mg/ha, which is higher than for other common winter crops produced in the Southeast. Cellulosic ethanol production from the residue was investigated through acid (H2SO4) and alkali (NaOH) pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase and cellobiase and hexose fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ethanol yield from the biomass was relatively low, at around 95 L per dry ...}, number={8}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={George, Nicholas and Yang, Ying and Wang, Ziyu and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Tungate, Kim}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={4454–4458} }
 @article{tungate_israel_watson_rufty_2007, title={Potential changes in weed competitiveness in an agroecological system with elevated temperatures}, volume={60}, ISSN={["0098-8472"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.06.001}, abstractNote={Increases in temperature due to global climate changes could significantly impact weed competitiveness and crop–weed interactions. Factors contributing to the responsiveness of a plant species to increasing temperature include the inherent genetic limitations of the species and the ability to acquire water and nutritional resources. The purpose of this study was to examine the temperature responses of selected species from a model agronomic system in the Southeastern U.S.: soybean (Glycine max), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa). We also determined temperature effects on mycorrhizal colonization and development of the soybean N2-fixation system, two below-ground associations critical for resource acquisition. The species were grown at 42/37 (day/night), 36/31, 32/27, 28/23, or 23/18 °C for 30 days in a field soil with naturally low fertility. Growth of the weed species was maximized at a higher temperature than that for soybean, 36/31 °C versus 32/27 °C, probably reflecting different geographical origins. At the optimal temperature, weeds had higher root:shoot mass ratios (1.3–1.5 versus 0.9) than soybean, and greater mycorrhizal colonization. In soybean, nodule weights, numbers, and total nitrogenase activity were highest at the growth temperature optimum but decreased considerably at higher temperatures. The results collectively indicate that increases in aerial temperatures above ∼32 °C would enhance weed competitiveness. Increased interference with soybean growth and yields should be expected.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Tungate, Kimberly D. and Israel, Daniel W. and Watson, Dorothy M. and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={42–49} }