@article{leon_mitchell_watson_2020, title={Ectoparasites of Cattle}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1558-4240"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.12.004}, abstractNote={Diverse groups of ectoparasitic arthropods cause significant morbidity and mortality in most of the approximately 1.49 billion head of cattle worldwide. Hematophagous ectoparasites (ie, blood-feeding flies, myiasis-causing flies, lice, mites, ticks) are the most important in cattle. Intense use of ectoparasiticides to treat infestations can result in ectoparasite populations becoming resistant to this treatment method. Approaches integrating the use of different technologies are required to manage cattle ectoparasites effectively while addressing societal expectations regarding food safety and environmental health. Assessing the status of coparasitism with ectoparasites and endoparasites in cattle across agroecosystems is critical in advancing integrated parasite management.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Leon, Adalberto A. and Mitchell, Robert D., III and Watson, David W.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={173-+} }
 @article{deguenon_travanty_zhu_carr_denning_reiskind_watson_roe_ponnusamy_2019, title={Exogenous and endogenous microbiomes of wild-caught Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) flies from a suburban farm by 16S rRNA gene sequencing}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56733-z}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-019-56733-z}, abstractNote={Abstract The black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most abundant carrion flies in North America. Calliphorids are important in agriculture and animal production, veterinary sciences, forensics and medical entomology. While the role of flies in the epidemiology of human and animal diseases is an active area of research, little is known about the microorganisms associated with these insects. We examined the diversity of wild-caught black blow fly endogenous (internal body) and exogenous (external body) microbial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 27 phyla, 171 families and 533 genera were detected, and diversity was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) on external body surfaces. At the genus level, Dysgonomonas , Ignatzschineria , Acinetobacter , Vagococcus , Myroides , and Wohlfahrtiimonas were predominant. Cloning and sequencing of nearly full-length fragments of the 16S rRNA gene showed that some of the species identified are known to be pathogenic to humans, animals, and plants. Myroides odoratimimus and Acinetobacter radioresistens are well-known, multi-drug resistant bacteria. These results provide a snapshot of the microbial communities harbored by adult black blow flies and call for more comprehensive studies to better characterize the role these flies may play in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms.}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Deguenon, Jean M. and Travanty, Nicholas and Zhu, Jiwei and Carr, Ann and Denning, Steven and Reiskind, Michael H. and Watson, David W. and Roe, R. Michael and Ponnusamy, Loganathan}, year={2019}, month={Dec} }
 @article{cruise_watson_schal_2018, title={A Novel Passive Sampling Technique for Collecting Adult Necrophilous Insects Arriving at Neonate Pig Carcasses}, volume={47}, ISSN={0046-225X 1938-2936}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvy131}, DOI={10.1093/ee/nvy131}, abstractNote={Neonate pigs have been used as decomposition models in experimental forensic entomology studies. Their small size, however, poses challenges to traditional sampling methods of necrophilous insects, like the sweep net, the most commonly used sampling method in forensic entomology research and practice. Previous research experimentally demonstrated the potential for sticky traps as an effective sampling method for collecting necrophilous insects from neonate pigs. While sticky traps effectively sampled fly diversity from the pigs, they shared with the sweep net low sample diversity and abundance, particularly of necrophilous beetles. Motivated by chemosensory host-finding of necrophilous insects and the architecture of carrion-mimicking thermogenic flowers, we developed a 'vented-chamber' method and optimized its design experimentally. In this approach, a neonate pig was transiently enclosed in a chamber. The decomposition process thermally convected the natural decomposition odors in the headspace above the pig toward a pair of sticky traps. The vented-chamber method collected significantly more necrophilous flies, representing a greater diversity, than the sweep net. Nevertheless, this approach caught few beetles, and hand collections must be used as well to most effectively sample beetle diversity.}, number={6}, journal={Environmental Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Cruise, Angela and Watson, David W and Schal, Coby}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={1573–1581} }
 @article{chen_tu_burton_watson_burkey_hu_2007, title={Plant nitrogen acquisition and interactions under elevated carbon dioxide: impact of endophytes and mycorrhizae}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1365-2486"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01347.x}, abstractNote={Abstract Both endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi interact with plants to form symbiosis in which the fungal partners rely on, and sometimes compete for, carbon (C) sources from their hosts. Changes in photosynthesis in host plants caused by atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) enrichment may, therefore, influence those mutualistic interactions, potentially modifying plant nutrient acquisition and interactions with other coexisting plant species. However, few studies have so far examined the interactive controls of endophytes and mycorrhizae over plant responses to atmospheric CO 2 enrichment. Using Festuca arundinacea Schreb and Plantago lanceolata L. as model plants, we examined the effects of elevated CO 2 on mycorrhizae and endophyte ( Neotyphodium coenophialum) and plant nitrogen (N) acquisition in two microcosm experiments, and determined whether and how mycorrhizae and endophytes mediate interactions between their host plant species. Endophyte‐free and endophyte‐infected F. arundinacea varieties, P. lanceolata L., and their combination with or without mycorrhizal inocula were grown under ambient (400 μmol mol −1 ) and elevated CO 2 (ambient + 330 μmol mol −1 ). A 15 N isotope tracer was used to quantify the mycorrhiza‐mediated plant acquisition of N from soil. Elevated CO 2 stimulated the growth of P. lanceolata greater than F. arundinacea , increasing the shoot biomass ratio of P. lanceolata to F. arundinacea in all the mixtures. Elevated CO 2 also increased mycorrhizal root colonization of P. lanceolata , but had no impact on that of F. arundinacea . Mycorrhizae increased the shoot biomass ratio of P. lanceolata to F. arundinacea under elevated CO 2 . In the absence of endophytes, both elevated CO 2 and mycorrhizae enhanced 15 N and total N uptake of P. lanceolata but had either no or even negative effects on N acquisition of F. arundinacea , altering N distribution between these two species in the mixture. The presence of endophytes in F. arundinacea , however, reduced the CO 2 effect on N acquisition in P. lanceolata , although it did not affect growth responses of their host plants to elevated CO 2 . These results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi and endophytes might interactively affect the responses of their host plants and their coexisting species to elevated CO 2 .}, number={6}, journal={GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}, author={Chen, Xin and Tu, Cong and Burton, Michael G. and Watson, Dorothy M. and Burkey, Kent O. and Hu, Shuijin}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={1238–1249} }
 @article{tungate_israel_watson_rufty_2007, title={Potential changes in weed competitiveness in an agroecological system with elevated temperatures}, volume={60}, ISSN={["0098-8472"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.06.001}, abstractNote={Increases in temperature due to global climate changes could significantly impact weed competitiveness and crop–weed interactions. Factors contributing to the responsiveness of a plant species to increasing temperature include the inherent genetic limitations of the species and the ability to acquire water and nutritional resources. The purpose of this study was to examine the temperature responses of selected species from a model agronomic system in the Southeastern U.S.: soybean (Glycine max), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa). We also determined temperature effects on mycorrhizal colonization and development of the soybean N2-fixation system, two below-ground associations critical for resource acquisition. The species were grown at 42/37 (day/night), 36/31, 32/27, 28/23, or 23/18 °C for 30 days in a field soil with naturally low fertility. Growth of the weed species was maximized at a higher temperature than that for soybean, 36/31 °C versus 32/27 °C, probably reflecting different geographical origins. At the optimal temperature, weeds had higher root:shoot mass ratios (1.3–1.5 versus 0.9) than soybean, and greater mycorrhizal colonization. In soybean, nodule weights, numbers, and total nitrogenase activity were highest at the growth temperature optimum but decreased considerably at higher temperatures. The results collectively indicate that increases in aerial temperatures above ∼32 °C would enhance weed competitiveness. Increased interference with soybean growth and yields should be expected.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Tungate, Kimberly D. and Israel, Daniel W. and Watson, Dorothy M. and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={42–49} }