@article{lay_stang_fisher_yankaskas_bennett_2003, title={Airway retention of materials of different solubility following local intrabronchial deposition in dogs}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0894-2684"]}, DOI={10.1089/089426803321919915}, abstractNote={We used a gamma camera to monitor the retention and clearance of radiolabeled human serum albumin (HSA), a water-soluble material with molecular weight of 66,000 Daltons, and radiolabeled sulfur colloid (SC), an insoluble submicron (0.22 microm) particle, following localized deposition in a 4-5-mm bronchus in each of five dogs. The average retention time of HSA was significantly greater than that of SC both in the deposition site (23.3 +/- 2.3 vs. 18.2 +/- 2.9 min respectively, p < 0.05) and in the clearance pathway (26.5 +/- 2.0 vs. 22.0 +/- 1.4 min, respectively, p < 0.05). The mean percent retention at the deposition site at 60 minutes post-deposition also was significantly greater for HSA than for SC (33.5 +/- 10.1 vs. 11.6 +/- 4.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). The percentage of HSA which had cleared to the level of the cuffed endotracheal tube was significantly less than that of SC (18.0 +/- 6.7 vs. 35.8 +/- 3.5%, respectively, p < 0.05) at 60 min post-deposition. These findings indicate that a low-permeating water-soluble material such as HSA deposited on the surface of an airway remains in contact with the sensitive airway epithelium to a greater extent than does a solid insoluble particle. Based on our results, we speculate that the slower clearance of HSA compared to SC was likely due to diffusion of a greater portion of the HSA into the periciliary sol layer which may be transported less efficiently than the mucus layer during mucociliary clearance. Additionally, some degree of uptake of HSA by bronchial epithelium may have contributed to its increased retention.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG}, author={Lay, JC and Stang, MR and Fisher, PE and Yankaskas, JR and Bennett, WD}, year={2003}, pages={153–166} }
 @misc{russell_stoskopf_fisher_barrick_2000, title={At the crocodilian heart of the matter - Response}, volume={289}, number={5485}, journal={Science}, author={Russell, D. A. and Stoskopf, M. K. and Fisher, P. E. and Barrick, R. E.}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={1688} }
 @article{fisher_russell_stoskopf_barrick_hammer_kuzmitz_2000, title={Cardiovascular evidence for an intermediate or higher metabolic rate in an ornithischian dinosaur}, volume={288}, ISSN={["0036-8075"]}, DOI={10.1126/science.288.5465.503}, abstractNote={Computerized tomography scans of a ferruginous concretion within the chest region of an ornithischian dinosaur reveal structures that are suggestive of a four-chambered heart and a single systemic aorta. The apparently derived condition of the cardiovascular system in turn suggests the existence of intermediate-to-high metabolic rates among dinosaurs.}, number={5465}, journal={SCIENCE}, author={Fisher, PE and Russell, DA and Stoskopf, MK and Barrick, RE and Hammer, M and Kuzmitz, AA}, year={2000}, month={Apr}, pages={503–505} }
 @article{van camp_fisher_thrall_2000, title={Dynamic CT measurement of contrast medium washin kinetics in canine nasal tumors}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01861.x}, abstractNote={Tumor oxygenation affects the biologic behavior of a tumor and also its radiation response. Decreased tumor oxygenation has been associated with an aggressive phenotype and with decreased local tumor control following irradiation. Thus, measurement of oxygenation may be useful for pretreatment evaluation of a tumor. Many methods for assessing tumor oxygenation are available but most are invasive. There is a need for a non‐invasive measure of oxygenation, or a surrogate for oxygenation. Measurement of perfusion has been suggested as a substitute for measurement of oxygenation. The use of washin kinetics of iodinated contrast medium to estimate perfusion has been shown to be related to radiation response of human carcinomas. We quantified the washin kinetics of iodinated contrast medium using dynamic CT in 9 dogs. All dogs had a malignant nasal tumor and perfusion was quantified at two sites in each tumor to evaluate intratumoral variation in perfusion. Dogs were given an intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium and arterial and tumor washin kinetics quantified using a helical CT scanner. Perfusion was estimated from these data using previously validated methods. Eight of the 9 dogs received definitive radiation therapy and perfusion was quantified a second time in these 8 dogs midway through irradiation. Pretreatment perfusion varied between dogs by a factor of 16.9. Between dog variation in perfusion was subjectively greater than within tumor variation based on comparison of two intratumoral regions. Changes in perfusion in individual dogs during irradiation were observed, but no identifiable pattern of perfusion alteration was detected. Measurement of perfusion in canine nasal tumors using dynamic CT is possible and further study of this parameter as it relates to radiation response is reasonable.}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={Van Camp, S. and Fisher, P. and Thrall, D. E.}, year={2000}, pages={403–408} }
 @article{matteucci_anyarambhatla_rosner_azuma_fisher_dewhirst_needham_thrall_2000, title={Hyperthermia increases accumulation of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes in feline sarcomas}, volume={6}, number={9}, journal={Clinical Cancer Research}, author={Matteucci, M. L. and Anyarambhatla, G. and Rosner, G. and Azuma, C. and Fisher, P. E. and Dewhirst, M. W. and Needham, D. and Thrall, D. E.}, year={2000}, pages={3748–3755} }
 @article{love_fisher_hudson_2000, title={The computed tomographic enhancement pattern of the normal canine pituitary gland}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01878.x}, abstractNote={Dynamic computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary gland was performed on four healthy male dogs of similar size, weight and age. The pituitary gland region was first identified on lateral scout and transverse non‐contrast images. After localization, water soluble iodinated contrast medium was ad‐ ministered intravenously as a bolus at a dose of 1 m1/lb using a pressure injector at an injection rate of 10 ml/sec and a total of 40 post contrast images of the pitutary gland were acquired. No images were made after 400 seconds. The same pituitary region was imaged in each slice. The slice thickness was 1.5 mm, with a two second scan time and an eight second delay between images (resulting in images every ten seconds). The contrast medium injection and initial image were acquired simultaneously, resulting in a non‐contrast enhanced initial image, At the completion of the CT scan, a region of interest (ROI) was drawn around the pituitary gland and time density data were obtained. The mean pituitary Hounsfield number was plotted as a function of time. A bi‐exponential least squares model was used to derive the best fitting line through the data. The mean relative peak increase in pituitary Hounsfield Units (HU) was 65.9%± 2.1%. After the initial increase there was a decrease in pituitary Hounsfield number with a half‐time of 16.1 seconds, followed by a slower phase with a half‐time of 16.5 minutes. The mean pituitary gland HU value during the period of gradual opacity decline was 35.0%± 4.4% above that of the pre‐contrast image.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Love, NE and Fisher, P and Hudson, L}, year={2000}, pages={507–510} }
 @article{theon_pascoe_galuppo_fisher_griffey_madigan_1999, title={Comparison of perioperative versus postoperative intratumoral administration of cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous sarcoids and squamous cell carcinomas in horses}, volume={215}, number={11}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Theon, A. P. and Pascoe, J. R. and Galuppo, L. D. and Fisher, P. E. and Griffey, S. M. and Madigan, J. E.}, year={1999}, pages={1655–1660} }
 @inproceedings{degernes_fisher_trogdon_1999, title={Gastrointestinal scintigraphy in Psittacines}, booktitle={Proceedings Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians}, author={Degernes, L. A. and Fisher, P. E. and Trogdon, M.}, year={1999}, pages={93–94} }
 @article{berry_fisher_koblik_guilford_hornof_1997, title={Scintigraphic biodistribution and plasma kinetics of indium 111 labeled transferrin in dogs}, volume={58}, number={11}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Berry, C. R. and Fisher, Paul E. and Koblik, P. D. and Guilford, W. G. and Hornof, W. H.}, year={1997}, pages={1188–1192} }