@article{vargo_crissman_booth_santangelo_mukha_schal_2014, title={Hierarchical Genetic Analysis of German Cockroach (Blattella germanica) Populations from within Buildings to across Continents}, volume={9}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102321}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0102321}, abstractNote={Understanding the population structure of species that disperse primarily by human transport is essential to predicting and controlling human-mediated spread of invasive species. The German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a widespread urban invader that can actively disperse within buildings but is spread solely by human-mediated dispersal over longer distances; however, its population structure is poorly understood. Using microsatellite markers we investigated population structure at several spatial scales, from populations within single apartment buildings to populations from several cities across the U.S. and Eurasia. Both traditional measures of genetic differentiation and Bayesian clustering methods revealed increasing levels of genetic differentiation at greater geographic scales. Our results are consistent with active dispersal of cockroaches largely limited to movement within a building. Their low levels of genetic differentiation, yet limited active spread between buildings, suggests a greater likelihood of human-mediated dispersal at more local scales (within a city) than at larger spatial scales (within and between continents). About half the populations from across the U.S. clustered together with other U.S. populations, and isolation by distance was evident across the U.S. Levels of genetic differentiation among Eurasian cities were greater than those in the U.S. and greater than those between the U.S. and Eurasia, but no clear pattern of structure at the continent level was detected. MtDNA sequence variation was low and failed to reveal any geographical structure. The weak genetic structure detected here is likely due to a combination of historical admixture among populations and periodic population bottlenecks and founder events, but more extensive studies are needed to determine whether signatures of global movement may be present in this species.}, number={7}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Vargo, Edward L. and Crissman, Jonathan R. and Booth, Warren and Santangelo, Richard G. and Mukha, Dmitry V. and Schal, Coby}, editor={Adelman, Zach N.Editor}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={e102321} }
 @article{terrapon_li_robertson_ji_meng_booth_chen_childers_glastad_gokhale_et al._2014, title={Molecular traces of alternative social organization in a termite genome}, volume={5}, journal={Nature Communications}, author={Terrapon, N. and Li, C. and Robertson, H. M. and Ji, L. and Meng, X. H. and Booth, W. and Chen, Z. S. and Childers, C. P. and Glastad, K. M. and Gokhale, K. and et al.}, year={2014} }
 @article{husseneder_garner_huang_booth_vargo_2013, title={Characterization of Microsatellites for Population Genetic Analyses of the Fungus-Growing Termite (Isoptera: Termitidae)}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/en13059}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 
 The fungus-growing subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Termitidae) is a destructive pest in Southeast Asia. To facilitate studies on the biology, ecology, and control of O. formosanus, we isolated and characterized nine novel microsatellite loci from a mixed partial genomic library of O. formosanus and the sympatric Macrotermes barneyi Light enriched for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats. We screened these loci in three populations of O. formosanus from China. All loci were polymorphic. Three loci showed heterozygote deficit possibly because of the presence of null alleles. The remaining six loci with 4–15 alleles per locus and an average observed heterozygosity of 0.15–0.60 across populations were used for population genetic analysis. Populations from different provinces (Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Hubei) were genetically differentiated, but the genetic distance between populations was surprisingly small (FST: 0.03–0.08) and the gene flow was considerable (Nem: 3–8), despite the geographical distance being >300 km. Genetic diversity within populations was low (allelic richness: 5.1–6.3) compared with other subterranean dwelling termites, but consistent with the diversity in species of the family Termitidae. Microsatellite markers developed for O. formosanus will allow further studies to examine the phylogeography, population genetic and colony breeding structure, dispersal ranges, and size of foraging territories in this and closely related species, as well as aid in assessing treatment success.}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Husseneder, Claudia and Garner, Susan P. and Huang, Qiuying and Booth, Warren and Vargo, Edward L.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={1092–1099} }
 @article{jacobson_booth_vargo_kennedy_2013, title={Thrips tabaci Population Genetic Structure and Polyploidy in Relation to Competency as a Vector of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus}, volume={8}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054484}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0054484}, abstractNote={Knowledge of population-level genetic differences can help explain variation among populations of insect vectors in their role in the epidemiology of specific viruses. Variation in competency to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that exists among populations of Thrips tabaci has been associated with the presence of cryptic species that exhibit different modes of reproduction and host ranges. However, recent findings suggest that vector competency of T. tabaci at any given location depends on the thrips and virus populations that are present. This study characterizes the population genetic structure of T. tabaci collected from four locations in North Carolina and examines the relationship between population genetic structure and variation in TSWV transmission by T. tabaci. Mitochondrial COI sequence analysis revealed the presence of two genetically distinct groups with one characterized by thelytokous, parthenogenetic reproduction and the other by arrhenotokous, sexual reproduction. Using a set of 11 microsatellite markers that we developed to investigate T. tabaci population genetic structure, we identified 17 clonal groups and found significant genetic structuring among the four NC populations that corresponded to the geographic locations where the populations were collected. Application of microsatellite markers also led to the discovery of polyploidy in this species. All four populations contained tetraploid individuals, and three contained both diploid and tetraploid individuals. Analysis of variation in transmission ofTSWV among isofemale lines initiated with individuals used in this study revealed that ‘clone assignment,’ ‘virus isolate’ and their interaction significantly influenced vector competency. These results highlight the importance of interactions between specific T. tabaci clonal types and specific TSWV isolates underlying transmission of TSWV by T. tabaci.}, number={1}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Jacobson, Alana L. and Booth, Warren and Vargo, Edward L. and Kennedy, George G.}, editor={Belshaw, RobertEditor}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={e54484} }
 @article{booth_smith_eskridge_hoss_mendelson_schuett_2012, title={Facultative parthenogenesis discovered in wild vertebrates}, volume={8}, number={6}, journal={Biology Letters}, author={Booth, W. and Smith, C. F. and Eskridge, P. H. and Hoss, S. K. and Mendelson, J. R. and Schuett, G. W.}, year={2012}, pages={983–985} }
 @article{saenz_booth_schal_vargo_2012, title={Genetic Analysis of Bed Bug Populations Reveals Small Propagule Size Within Individual Infestations but High Genetic Diversity Across Infestations From the Eastern United States}, volume={49}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ME11202}, DOI={10.1603/me11202}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 
 Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) are a resurgent pest worldwide and infestations within the United States are increasing at a rapid rate. Because of the physical and psychological discomfort inflicted by their blood feeding habits, and allergies and secondary infections associated with bites, bed bugs are recognized as a significant public health problem. Although bed bug infestations are spreading and becoming more prevalent, we have a poor understanding of their dispersal patterns and sources of infestation. To help fill this gap, we conducted a genetic study of 21 bed bug infestations from the eastern United States, nearly all of which came from single rooms within residences. We genotyped samples comprised of 8–10 individuals per infestation at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. Despite high genetic diversity across all infestations, with 5–17 alleles per locus (mean = 10.3 alleles per locus), we found low genetic diversity (1–4 alleles per locus) within all but one of the infestations. These results suggest that nearly all the studied infestations were started by a small propagule possibly consisting of a singly mated female and/or her progeny, or a female mated with multiple males that were highly related to her. All infestations were strongly genetically differentiated from each other (mean pairwise F ST between populations = 0.68) and we did not find strong evidence of a geographic pattern of genetic structure, indicating infestations located in closer proximity to each other were nearly as genetically differentiated as those located hundreds of kilometers away. The high level of genetic diversity across infestations from the eastern United States together with the lack of geographically organized structure is consistent with multiple introductions into the United States from foreign sources.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Saenz, Virna L. and Booth, Warren and Schal, Coby and Vargo, Edward L.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={865–875} }
 @article{vazquez-dominguez_suarez-atilano_booth_gonzalez-baca_cuaron_2012, title={Genetic evidence of a recent successful colonization of introduced species on islands: Boa constrictor imperator on Cozumel Island}, volume={14}, number={10}, journal={Biological Invasions}, author={Vazquez-Dominguez, E. and Suarez-Atilano, M. and Booth, W. and Gonzalez-Baca, C. and Cuaron, A. D.}, year={2012}, pages={2101–2116} }
 @article{jacobson_johnston_rotenberg_whitfield_booth_vargo_kennedy_2012, title={Genome size and ploidy of Thysanoptera}, volume={22}, ISSN={0962-1075}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01165.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01165.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Insect Molecular Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jacobson, A. L. and Johnston, J. S. and Rotenberg, D. and Whitfield, A. E. and Booth, W. and Vargo, E. L. and Kennedy, G. G.}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={12–17} }
 @article{booth_saenz_santangelo_wang_schal_vargo_2012, title={Molecular Markers Reveal Infestation Dynamics of the Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Within Apartment Buildings}, volume={49}, ISSN={0022-2585 1938-2928}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ME11256}, DOI={10.1603/me11256}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 
 The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), has experienced an extraordinary global resurgence in recent years, the reasons for which remain poorly understood. Once considered a pest of lower socioeconomic classes, bed bugs are now found extensively across all residential settings, with widespread infestations established in multiapartment buildings. Within such buildings, understanding the population genetic structure and patterns of dispersal may prove critical to the development of effective control strategies. Here, we describe the development of 24 high-resolution microsatellite markers through next generation 454 pyrosequencing and their application to elucidate infestation dynamics within three multistory apartment buildings in the United States. Results reveal contrasting characteristics potentially representative of geographic or locale differences. In Raleigh, NC, an infestation within an apartment building seemed to have started from a single introduction followed by extensive spread. In Jersey City, NJ, two or more introductions followed by spread are evident in two buildings. Populations within single apartments in all buildings were characterized by high levels of relatedness and low levels of diversity, indicative of foundation from small, genetically depauperate propagules. Regardless of the number of unique introductions, genetic data indicate that spread within buildings is extensive, supporting both active and human-mediated dispersal within and between adjacent rooms or apartments spanning multiple floors.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Booth, Warren and Saenz, Virna L. and Santangelo, Richard G. and Wang, Changlu and Schal, Coby and Vargo, Edward L.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={535–546} }
 @article{singham_vargo_booth_othman_lee_2012, title={Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci From an Indigenous Asian Fungus-Growing Termite, Macrotermes gilvus (Blattodea: Termitidae) and Cross Amplification in Related Taxa}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/en11228}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The fungus- growing termite, Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), an indigenous species from Southeast Asia distributed from Myanmar to Indonesia and the Philippines, offers great potential as an ecological model system to elucidate the effects of geography on gene flow within this region. We used next generation sequencing (Roche 454 pyrosequencing) to identify microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of M. gilvus. A modest sequencing volume generated 34,122 reads, with 1,212 (3.6%) reads contains microsatellites with di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide repeat motifs. Thirtyseven loci were selected for primer development and tested for polymorphism across 22 colonies of M. gilvus. Eleven loci were found to be polymorphic with 2–4 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged between 0.091–0.727 and 0.090–0.540, respectively. Cross taxa amplification was successful across a panel of four related termite species and four multiplex groups were designed for future population genetic studies. These markers will open new avenues for the study of phylogeography and population genetics of this fungus-growing termite. This study also has effectively demonstrated the use of 454 pyrosequencing for the rapid development of informative microsatellite markers from a termite genome.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Singham, G. Veera and Vargo, Edward L. and Booth, Warren and Othman, Ahmad Sofiman and Lee, Chow-Yang}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={426–431} }
 @article{booth_brent_calleri_rosengaus_traniello_vargo_2012, title={Population genetic structure and colony breeding system in dampwood termites (Zootermopsis angusticollis and Z. nevadensis nuttingi)}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1420-9098"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00040-011-0198-2}, number={1}, journal={INSECTES SOCIAUX}, author={Booth, W. and Brent, C. S. and Calleri, D. V. and Rosengaus, R. B. and Traniello, J. F. A. and Vargo, E. L.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={127–137} }
 @article{reynolds_booth_schuett_fitzpatrick_burghardt_2012, title={Successive virgin births of viable male progeny in the checkered gartersnake, Thamnophis marcianus}, volume={107}, number={3}, journal={Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, author={Reynolds, R. G. and Booth, W. and Schuett, G. W. and Fitzpatrick, B. M. and Burghardt, G. M.}, year={2012}, pages={566–572} }
 @article{booth_million_reynolds_burghardt_vargo_schal_tzika_schuett_2011, title={Consecutive Virgin Births in the New World Boid Snake, the Colombian Rainbow Boa, Epicrates maurus}, volume={102}, ISSN={1465-7333 0022-1503}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esr080}, DOI={10.1093/jhered/esr080}, abstractNote={Until recently, facultative automictic parthenogenesis within the squamate reptiles exhibiting ZZ:ZW genetic sex determination has resulted in single reproductive events producing male (ZZ) or female (ZW) offspring. With the recent discovery of viable parthenogenetically produced female (WW) Boa constrictors, the existence of further parthenogenetic events resulting in WW females was questioned. Here, we provide genetic evidence for consecutive virgin births by a female Colombian rainbow boa (Epicrates maurus), resulting in the production of WW females likely through terminal fusion automixis. Samples were screened at 22 microsatellite loci with 12 amplifying unambiguous products. Of these, maternal heterozygosity was observed in 4, with the offspring differentially homozygous at each locus. This study documents the first record of parthenogenesis within the genus Epicrates, a second within the serpent lineage Boidae, and the third genetically confirmed case of consecutive virgin births of viable offspring within any vertebrate lineage. Unlike the recent record in Boa constrictors, the female described here was isolated from conspecifics from birth, demonstrating that males are not required to stimulate parthenogenetic reproduction in this species and possibly other Boas.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Heredity}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Booth, Warren and Million, Larry and Reynolds, R. Graham and Burghardt, Gordon M. and Vargo, Edward L. and Schal, Coby and Tzika, Athanasia C. and Schuett, Gordon W.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={759–763} }
 @article{agata_alasaad_almeida-val_alvarez-dios_barbisan_beadell_beltran_benitez_bino_bleay_et al._2011, title={Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 December 2010-31 January 2011}, volume={11}, number={3}, journal={Molecular Ecology Resources}, author={Agata, K. and Alasaad, S. and Almeida-Val, V. M. F. and Alvarez-Dios, J. A. and Barbisan, F. and Beadell, J. S. and Beltran, J. F. and Benitez, M. and Bino, G. and Bleay, C. and et al.}, year={2011}, pages={586–589} }
 @article{booth_santangelo_vargo_mukha_schal_2011, title={Population Genetic Structure in German Cockroaches (Blattella Germanica): Differentiated Islands in an Agricultural Landscape}, volume={102}, ISSN={0022-1503 1465-7333}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esq108}, DOI={10.1093/jhered/esq108}, abstractNote={Although a number of species live syanthropically with humans, few rely entirely on humans for their survival and distribution. Unlike other cosmopolitan human commensals, the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), an insect of both public and livestock health concern, is considered incapable of dispersal outside human dwellings. Patterns of genetic association are therefore constrained and may not be associated with distance. Analogies with other human-commensal species are therefore impossible to draw with any degree of accuracy. In the past 2 decades, B. germanica has become a prominent pest within the US swine production system. Swine production is mainly carried out through contracted producers, each associated with a management company. It has been hypothesized that cockroach populations will be genetically structured based on association to a specific management company. Here, we tested this hypothesis using microsatellite genotypes (8 polymorphic loci) from 626 individual cockroaches collected from 22 farms in southeastern North Carolina representing 3 management companies. Significant genetic differentiation was detected (F(ST) = 0.171), most of which was partitioned among the 22 farms rather than the 3 management groups. All pair-wise population comparisons yielded F(ST) values significantly greater than zero. Our results reveal that structure does not correspond to management company of origin, but instead it may be regional and influenced strongly by the unintentional movement of cockroaches by farm workers.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Heredity}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Booth, W. and Santangelo, R. G. and Vargo, E. L. and Mukha, D. V. and Schal, C.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={175–183} }
 @article{copeland_kirk-spriggs_muteti_booth_wiegmann_2011, title={Rediscovery of the "terrible hairy fly", Mormotomyia hirsuta Austen (Diptera: Mormotomyiidae), in eastern Kenya, with notes on biology, natural history, and genetic variation of the Ukasi Hill population}, volume={52}, ISSN={["2305-2562"]}, DOI={10.5733/afin.052.0211}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Sixty-two years since last observed alive, Mormotomyia hirsuta Austen, the “terrible hairy fly”, was found inside and outside a large, cave-like cleft boulder at the summit of Ukasi Hill in eastern Kenya, the type locality of the species. Adults were observed climbing the walls of the boulder and walking on thick layers of bat guano, in which larvae and puparia were also discovered. Large numbers of M. hirsuta were observed on and at the base of the northern side of the boulder, which at the time of capture experienced continuous shade during daylight hours. Only three individuals were observed at the southern opening, exposed to direct sunlight and hot, dry conditions. A collection of vertebrate bones and skulls from layers of guano both inside and outside the cleft revealed several vertebrate associates, including two species of Chiroptera, Chaerephon cf. bivittatus (Heuglin) and Tadarida aegyptiaca (E. Geoffroy), which are probably the two major guano-producing species responsible for the larval breeding medium. Male-biased sexual size dimorphism was pronounced in adult M. hirsuta, with seven body-part measurements, including legs, larger by 33–61 % in males than females. Males demonstrated isometric growth while female growth was allometric. In contrast to males, female head and thorax lengths did not increase proportionally with leg length. Estimates of genetic diversity in the Ukasi population show higher than expected allelic diversity and indicate possible gene flow and frequent population bottlenecks. To promote the conservation of this endangered species, a joint effort has been initiated between the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi and the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, to gazette the Ukasi hill area as a protected site.}, number={2}, journal={AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES}, author={Copeland, Robert S. and Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. and Muteti, Samuel and Booth, Warren and Wiegmann, Brian M.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={363–390} }
 @article{booth_johnson_moore_schal_vargo_2010, title={Evidence for viable, non-clonal but fatherless Boa constrictors}, volume={7}, ISSN={1744-9561 1744-957X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0793}, DOI={10.1098/rsbl.2010.0793}, abstractNote={
            Parthenogenesis in vertebrates is considered an evolutionary novelty. In snakes, all of which exhibit genetic sex determination with ZZ : ZW sex chromosomes, this rare form of asexual reproduction has failed to yield viable female WW offspring. Only through complex experimental manipulations have WW females been produced, and only in fish and amphibians. Through microsatellite DNA fingerprinting, we provide the first evidence of facultative parthenogenesis in a
            Boa constrictor
            , identifying multiple, viable, non-experimentally induced females for the first time in any vertebrate lineage. Although the elevated homozygosity of the offspring in relation to the mother suggests that the mechanism responsible may be terminal fusion automixis, no males were produced, potentially indicating maternal sex chromosome hemizygosity (WO). These findings provide the first evidence of parthenogenesis in the family Boidae (Boas), and suggest that WW females may be more common within basal reptilian lineages than previously assumed.
          }, number={2}, journal={Biology Letters}, publisher={The Royal Society}, author={Booth, Warren and Johnson, Daniel H. and Moore, Sharon and Schal, Coby and Vargo, Edward L.}, year={2010}, month={Nov}, pages={253–256} }
 @article{menke_booth_dunn_schal_vargo_silverman_2010, title={Is It Easy to Be Urban? Convergent Success in Urban Habitats among Lineages of a Widespread Native Ant}, volume={5}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009194}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0009194}, abstractNote={The most rapidly expanding habitat globally is the urban habitat, yet the origin and life histories of the populations of native species that inhabit this habitat remain poorly understood. We use DNA barcoding of the COI gene in the widespread native pest ant Tapinoma sessile to test two hypotheses regarding the origin of urban populations and traits associated with their success. First, we determine if urban samples of T. sessile have a single origin from natural populations by looking at patterns of haplotype clustering from across their range. Second, we examine whether polygynous colony structure – a trait associated with invasion success – is correlated with urban environments, by studying the lineage dependence of colony structure. Our phylogenetic analysis of 49 samples identified four well supported geographic clades. Within clades, Kimura-2 parameter pairwise genetic distances revealed <2.3% variation; however, between clade genetic distances were 7.5–10.0%, suggesting the possibility of the presence of cryptic species. Our results indicate that T. sessile has successfully colonized urban environments multiple times. Additionally, polygynous colony structure is a highly plastic trait across habitat, clade, and haplotype. In short, T. sessile has colonized urban habitats repeatedly and appears to do so using life history strategies already present in more natural populations. Whether similar results hold for other species found in urban habitats has scarcely begun to be considered.}, number={2}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Menke, Sean B. and Booth, Warren and Dunn, Robert R. and Schal, Coby and Vargo, Edward L. and Silverman, Jules}, editor={Moreau, Corrie S.Editor}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={e9194} }
 @article{crissman_booth_santangelo_mukha_vargo_schal_2010, title={Population genetic structure of the German cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae) in apartment buildings}, volume={47}, DOI={10.1603/me09036}, abstractNote={The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae), is a major residential pest with the potential to vector various pathogens and produce and disseminate household allergens. Understanding population genetic structure and differentiation of this important pest is critical to efforts to eradicate infestations, yet little is known in this regard. Using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation within and among 18 apartments from six apartment complexes located in Raleigh, NC. No departure from panmixia was found between rooms within apartments, indicating that active dispersal resulting in gene flow may occur among rooms within apartment units. Alternatively, aggregations within apartments may exist in relative isolation under a metapopulation framework, derived from a recent, common source. Thus, in the event of population control practices leading to incomplete cockroach eradication within an apartment, recolonization of shelters and rooms is likely to occur from a genetically similar aggregation. A pattern of isolation-by-distance across the six apartment complexes indicated that dispersal was more common within complexes than among them, and F statistics suggested greater genetic similarity between apartments in a single building than between separate buildings of an apartment complex. Similarly, neighbor-joining tree and Bayesian clustering analyses were able to cluster only those apartments that were within a single building, indicating higher dispersal with associated gene flow within buildings than between them. The lack of any broader connectivity, as indicated by significant F(ST) and G-tests suggests that human-mediated dispersal of B. germanica between buildings of an apartment complex or between complexes occurs infrequently enough to have negligible effects on gene flow.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Medical Entomology}, author={Crissman, J. R. and Booth, W. and Santangelo, R. G. and Mukha, D. V. and Vargo, E. L. and Schal, Coby}, year={2010}, pages={553–564} }
 @article{booth_youngsteadt_schal_vargo_2009, title={Characterization of 8 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the neotropical ant-garden ant, Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius)}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1572-9737"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10592-008-9705-z}, number={5}, journal={CONSERVATION GENETICS}, author={Booth, Warren and Youngsteadt, Elsa and Schal, Coby and Vargo, Edward L.}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={1401–1403} }
 @article{booth_youngsteadt_schal_vargo_2009, title={Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the ant-garden ant, Crematogaster levior (Forel)}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1572-9737"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10592-008-9597-y}, abstractNote={Throughout Amazonia, the ant Crematogaster levior is known for its participation in a complex ant-garden mutualism with the ant Camponotus femoratus and several species of epiphytic plants for which it plays an important role in seed viability. We isolated nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for C. levior from a genomic library enriched for di-, tri-, and tetra-nucleotide repeats. Two to 14 alleles were detected per locus, with levels of observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.103 to 0.785.}, number={3}, journal={CONSERVATION GENETICS}, author={Booth, Warren and Youngsteadt, Elsa and Schal, Coby and Vargo, Edward L.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={639–641} }
 @article{pfannenstiel_booth_vargo_schal_2008, title={Blattella asahinai (Dictyoptera : Blattellidae): A new predator of lepidopteran eggs in South Texas soybean}, volume={101}, ISSN={["0013-8746"]}, DOI={10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[763:BADBAN]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Large numbers of a cockroach that resembled the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were observed during winter 2005–2006 in home turf settings in Weslaco, TX, 11 km from the U.S. border with northeastern Mexico. In June and July 2006, this cockroach was observed at night on the foliage of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in numbers often exceeding 50 per m row. Because of its similarity to B. germanica, but with the characteristic of flying frequently, we suspected that our observations might be of the Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo. Using a combination of morphological characters, cuticular hydrocarbons, and sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene, we definitively identified this cockroach as B. asahinai. B. asahinai was frequently observed feeding on sentinel eggs of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). This cockroach was the dominant egg predator in soybean during 2006, making up 36.4% of all predators observed feeding on eggs. B. asahinai was only observed occupying the soybean canopy nocturnally, and it made up 53.7% of predators observed feeding at night. We speculate that B. asahinai may serve as an important beneficial insect in soybean and other crops.}, number={4}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Pfannenstiel, Robert S. and Booth, Warren and Vargo, Edward L. and Schal, Coby}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={763–768} }
 @article{booth_lewis_taylor_schal_vargo_2008, title={Identification and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the western drywood termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen)}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1755-098X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02169.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES}, author={Booth, W. and Lewis, V. R. and Taylor, R. L. and Schal, C. and Vargo, E. L.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={1102–1104} }
 @article{booth_bogdanowicz_prodohl_harrison_schal_vargo_2007, title={Identification and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1471-8278"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01663.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES}, author={Booth, W. and Bogdanowicz, S. M. and Prodohl, P. A. and Harrison, R. G. and Schal, C. and Vargo, E. L.}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={648–650} }
 @article{booth_montgomery_prodohl_2007, title={Polyandry by wood mice in natural populations}, volume={273}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoology (London, England : 1987)}, author={Booth, W. and Montgomery, W. I. and Prodohl, P. A.}, year={2007}, pages={176–182} }