@article{harton_zhu_stevie_aoyama_ade_2007, title={Carbon-13 labeling for quantitative analysis of molecular movement in heterogeneous organic materials using secondary ion mass spectrometry}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1520-6882"]}, DOI={10.1021/ac070437q}, abstractNote={Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is used to probe the movement of macromolecules in heterogeneous organic systems. Using 13C tracer labeling and two model systems, polystyrene/poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS/P2VP) and polystyrene/poly(4-bromostyrene) (PS/P4BrS), the diffusion of 13C-labeled PS has been investigated near the respective heterogeneous interfaces using a CAMECA-IMS-6F magnetic sector mass spectrometer. 13C labeling has been shown to greatly minimize matrix effects (i.e., changes in secondary ion yields due to changing chemical environment) in heterogeneous systems. P2VP is a nitrogen-rich polymer (C7H7N monomer composition), making it an excellent model polymer for exploration of this technique for potential future use in biological applications, and probing the PS/P4BrS interface demonstrates the versatility of this technique for analysis of various heteroatom-containing materials. Results confirm that the 13C-labeling method does indeed allow for quantitative analysis of molecular movement in heterogeneous organic systems containing matrix-enhancing heteroatoms such as nitrogen. Therefore, extension of this method to more complicated biological systems involving multiple heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, etc.), layers, and heterogeneous interfaces, as well as two- and three-dimensional profiling and imaging using SIMS, can be envisaged.}, number={14}, journal={ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Harton, Shane E. and Zhu, Zhengmao and Stevie, Frederick A. and Aoyama, Yoko and Ade, Harald}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={5358–5363} }