@article{wolfe_neal_harlow_2016, title={Selective Broadleaf Weed Control in Turfgrass with the Bioherbicides Phoma macrostoma and Thaxtomin A}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/wt-d-15-00159.1}, abstractNote={Both regulatory and consumer forces have increased the demand for biopesticides, particularly in amenity areas such as turfgrass. Unfortunately, few natural products are available for selective weed control in turfgrass. Two bioherbicides reported to control broadleaf weeds without injuring turfgrass arePhoma macrostomaand thaxtomin A. Field and container experiments were conducted to evaluate PRE and POST efficacy ofP. macrostomaand thaxtomin A on regionally important broadleaf weeds. In container experiments, PRE applications ofP. macrostomaprovided 65 to 100% control of dandelion, marsh yellowcress, and flexuous bittercress, equivalent to that of pendimethalin. Control of yellow woodsorrel, henbit, hairy galinsoga, common chickweed, or annual bluegrass was less than with pendimethalin. In contrast, POST applications did not control any species as well as an industry-standard synthetic auxin herbicide. PRE or POST applications of thaxtomin A controlled six of the eight species tested as well as the industry-standard PRE or POST herbicides. In field tests, overall PRE broadleaf weed control withP. macrostomaand thaxtomin A peaked 4 wk after treatment at 64 and 72%, respectively, and declined afterward, suggesting that these bioherbicides possess short residuals and therefore must be reapplied for season-long control. Overall POST broadleaf weed control usingP. macrostomaand thaxtomin A was only 41 and 25%, respectively. PRE followed by early-POST applications of thaxtomin A provided ≥ 86% henbit control. These results suggest that bothP. macrostomaand thaxtomin A are capable of controlling certain broadleaf weeds in turfgrass. However, both lack efficacy on some important weed species, particularly chickweed. Thaxtomin A efficacy on henbit was improved by increased dose and by PRE followed by early-POST applications.}, number={3}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Wolfe, Joseph C. and Neal, Joseph C. and Harlow, Christopher D.}, year={2016}, pages={688–700} }
 @article{o'connell_rivard_peet_harlow_louws_2012, title={High Tunnel and Field Production of Organic Heirloom Tomatoes: Yield, Fruit Quality, Disease, and Microclimate}, volume={47}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.47.9.1283}, abstractNote={Organic and heirloom tomatoes are high-value products with growing demand but there are many challenges to successful cultivation. A systems comparison study was carried out to evaluate the production of the popular heirloom tomato ‘Cherokee Purple’ (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under high tunnel and open field systems in North Carolina from 2007 to 2008. Management of the high tunnel (i.e., temperature and irrigation), weather events as well as pest and disease pressure influenced crop quality and yield. The high tunnel and field systems achieved similar total yields (100 t·ha−1) the first season but yields were 33% greater in the high tunnel system than the field system in the second year (100 t·ha−1 and 67 t·ha−1, respectively). Both years, the tomatoes were planted in high tunnels 1 month earlier and harvested 3 weeks earlier than the field. The accumulation of ≈1100 growing degree-days (GDD) was required in both systems before 50% of the fruit was harvested. Fruit cracking, cat-facing, blossom-end rot, and insect damage were the major categories of defects in both systems. Incidence of both Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) and Gray Leaf Spot (GLS) were lower in the high tunnel compared with the field in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Results of this study suggest that with proper management techniques, high tunnels can optimize yields, increase fruit quality, and provide season extension opportunities for high-value horticultural crops.}, number={9}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={O'Connell, Suzanne and Rivard, Cary and Peet, Mary M. and Harlow, Chris and Louws, Frank}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={1283–1290} }
 @article{ponce_peet_harlow_cheng_willits_2004, title={Assessment of swine waste bioremediation using greenhouse tomatoes}, ISBN={["90-6605-627-4"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2004.633.51}, abstractNote={ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Protected Cultivation 2002: In Search of Structures, Systems and Plant Materials for Sustainable Greenhouse Production ASSESSMENT OF SWINE WASTE BIOREMEDIATION USING GREENHOUSE TOMATOES}, number={633}, journal={PROTECTED CULTIVATION 2002: IN SEARCH OF STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND PLANT MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION}, author={Ponce, KH and Peet, MM and Harlow, CD and Cheng, J and Willits, DH}, year={2004}, pages={415–423} }
 @article{peet_harlow_larrea_2004, title={Fruit quality and yield in five small-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivars under high fertilization regime}, volume={659}, ISBN={["90-6605-259-7"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2004.659.105}, abstractNote={Research was initiated in Fall 2002 to identify greenhouse tomato cultivars and fertilization practices which would result in superior fruit quality under Southeastern United States winter/spring conditions. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. ‘67’, ‘Diana’, ’Elegance’, ‘Momotaro’, and ‘S630’ were compared to the larger beefsteak cultivar ‘Trust’ under standard (EC≈1.90 dSm1) or high (EC≈3.75 dSm-1) fertilizer concentration. Seeds were started in October 2002 and transplanted, 2 per pot, into Bato® buckets containing perlite in November. Taste tests conducted on three dates revealed differences among cultivars, with ‘67’, ‘Elegance’ and ‘Momotaro’ consistently scoring well and ‘Trust’ scoring lowest. No significant differences occurred between fertilization treatments during taste tests. All cultivar taste ratings increased from early to late spring harvests. Highest total fruit production occurred in ‘Elegance’ and ‘Momotaro’, but cracking reduced marketable yield in ‘Momotaro’. Fruit yield was significantly lower for the high fertilizer concentration than the standard concentration for all months except the first. After each harvest, fruit were frozen for later determination of Brix, EC and pH. Significant differences in Brix were seen between the standard and high fertilizer concentration treatments, with the high concentration higher than the standard concentration at all harvest periods. Significant differences in Brix were seen among the cultivars, with ‘67’ and ‘Elegance’ significantly higher than all other varieties and ‘Momotaro’ higher than the remaining cultivars including ‘Trust’, which ranked lowest. Cultivar differences in measured Brix and excellence ratings from taste tests were highly correlated; cultivar differences in fruit pH and EC were less consistent and did not appear closely related to taste panel evaluations.}, number={659}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROTECTED CULTIVATION IN MILD WINTER CLIMATES: PRODUCTION, PEST MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL COMPETITION, VOLS 1 AND 2}, author={Peet, MM and Harlow, CD and Larrea, ES}, year={2004}, pages={811–818} }
 @inproceedings{harlow_peet_ponce_cheng_willits_casteel_2003, title={Utilizing a greenhouse tomato crop to recover bio-resources from swine waste}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASHS centennial conference (Providence, Rhode Island)}, author={Harlow, C. and Peet, M. M. and Ponce, A. K. and Cheng, J. and Willits, D. H. and Casteel, M.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{ponce_peet_cheng_harlow_willits_2002, title={Preliminary assessment of swine waste bioremediation using greenhouse tomatoes}, booktitle={XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition (IHC 2002) : horticulture : art & science for life : Metro Toronto Convention Centre, August 11-17, 2002}, author={Ponce, K. H. and Peet, M. M. and Cheng, J. and Harlow, C. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2002} }
 @article{harlow_southern_lampert_1991, title={GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION OF 2 COLOR FORMS, CARBOXYLESTERASE ACTIVITY, AND CHROMOSOME CONFIGURATION OF THE TOBACCO APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN NORTH-CAROLINA}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/84.4.1175}, abstractNote={A statewide survey was conducted in tobacco fields throughout 17 counties in North Carolina to determine distribution and relative abundances of red and green color forms of the tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Black man. Samples of tobacco aphids from infested fields were collected during the survey and used to establish 36 laboratory cultures. A carboxylesterase assay was performed on aphids from each established laboratory culture to determine general carboxylesterase hydrolyzing activities. Significant differences among cultures were observed. Activities ranged from 40.04 μM 1-naphthol produced per minute per red aphid in Wayne County to 77.36 in Bladen County. Activities in green aphids ranged from 17.12 in Johnston County to 53.52 in Watauga County. Aphids with high carboxylesterase activities (>40 IJ-MI-naphthol produced per minute per aphid) were of both colors; however, all aphids with low activities 40 μM I-naphthol produced per minute per aphid). The five cultures with normal karyotypes had low activities <22).}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={HARLOW, CD and SOUTHERN, PS and LAMPERT, EP}, year={1991}, month={Aug}, pages={1175–1179} }
 @article{harlow_lampert_1990, title={RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN 2 COLOR FORMS OF THE TOBACCO APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE)}, volume={83}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/83.6.2130}, abstractNote={Cultures of the tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, were collected from tobacco throughout major tobacco-growing regions of North Carolina and maintained in culture in the laboratory. Nine cultures of tobacco aphids were established. Four of these cultures were green in color; five were red. Slide-dip tests were performed with various insecticides and a known synergist. In tests with malathion, monocrotophos, acephate, and the esterase inhibitor S, S, S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), resistance of aphids from the five red cultures and one green culture (from Duplin County) increased three to four times compared with the remaining three green cultures. In tests with endosulfan and methamidophos, a breakdown product of acephate, all nine cultures responded equally to treatment. Total carboxylesterase activities of aphids from all nine cultures were measured in a spectrophotometric assay. Aphids from the five red cultures and the green culture from Duplin County demonstrated ≈2.5 times the carboxylesterase activity as aphids from the remaining three green cultures. In all cultures, synergism of malathion, acephate, and methamidophos by DEF was apparent.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={HARLOW, CD and LAMPERT, EP}, year={1990}, month={Dec}, pages={2130–2135} }