@article{merritt_nagle_grant_2009, title={Fabric-Based Active Electrode Design and Fabrication for Health Monitoring Clothing}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1089-7771"]}, DOI={10.1109/TITB.2009.2012408}, abstractNote={In this paper, two versions of fabric-based active electrodes are presented to provide a wearable solution for ECG monitoring clothing. The first version of active electrode involved direct attachment of surface-mountable components to a textile screen-printed circuit using polymer thick film techniques. The second version involved attaching a much smaller, thinner, and less obtrusive interposer containing the active electrode circuitry to a simplified textile circuit. These designs explored techniques for electronic textile interconnection, chip attachment to textiles, and packaging of circuits on textiles for durability. The results from ECG tests indicate that the performance of each active electrode is comparable to commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes. The interposer-based active electrodes survived a five-cycle washing test while maintaining good signal integrity.}, number={2}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE}, author={Merritt, Carey R. and Nagle, H. Troy and Grant, Edward}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={274–280} }
 @article{karaguzel_merritt_kang_wilson_nagle_grant_pourdeyhimi_2009, title={Flexible, durable printed electrical circuits}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1754-2340"]}, DOI={10.1080/00405000802390147}, abstractNote={This study investigates the screen printing of transmission lines into a variety of nonwoven substrates using different conductive inks for durable and wearable electronic textile applications. The viscosity of the ink dictated the performance of the printed media during washing trials. The printed inks begin to degrade and display lower conductivity after 25 wash cycles. A method to control the durability of the printed circuits, which includes coating of the printed lines with a meltblown layer, has been developed.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE}, author={Karaguzel, B. and Merritt, C. R. and Kang, T. and Wilson, J. M. and Nagle, H. T. and Grant, E. and Pourdeyhimi, B.}, year={2009}, pages={1–9} }
 @article{merritt_nagle_grant_2009, title={Textile-Based Capacitive Sensors for Respiration Monitoring}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1530-437X"]}, DOI={10.1109/JSEN.2008.2010356}, abstractNote={Respiration monitoring in everyday life enables the early detection of the diseases and disorders that can suddenly manifest in a life threatening episode. Long-term monitoring can extend the capabilities of healthcare providers if reliability can be achieved economically. In this paper, the potential for using capacitive sensing to serve as an inexpensive method for long-term respiration sensing is explored. This paper proposes new designs of capacitive sensors for respiration sensing and describes the design and fabrication of a prototype textile-based capacitive-sensor respiration belt. Two capacitive sensors were designed and fabricated for detecting chest or abdominal circumference changes of up to 60 mm. These sensors gave good linearity, and the respiration measurements obtained with these new sensors show that they are capable of measuring respiration rate, and possibly lung function parameters.}, number={1-2}, journal={IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL}, author={Merritt, Carey R. and Nagle, H. Troy and Grant, Edward}, year={2009}, pages={71–78} }
 @article{kang_merritt_grant_pourdeyhimi_nagle_2008, title={Nonwoven fabric active electrodes for biopotential measurement during normal daily activity}, volume={55}, DOI={10.1109/TBME.2007.910678}, abstractNote={Body movement is responsible for most of the interference during physiological data acquisition during normal daily activities. In this paper, we introduce nonwoven fabric active electrodes that provide the comfort required for clothing while robustly recording physiological data in the presence of body movement. The nonwoven fabric active electrodes were designed and fabricated using both hand- and screen-printing thick-film techniques. Nonstretchable nonwoven (Evolon 100) was chosen as the flexible fabric substrate and a silver filled polymer ink (Creative Materials CMI 112-15) was used to form a transducer layer and conductive lines on the nonwoven fabrics. These nonwoven fabric active electrodes can be easily integrated into clothing for wearable health monitoring applications. Test results indicate that nonwoven textile-based sensors show considerable promise for physiological data acquisition in wearable healthcare monitoring applications.}, number={1}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering}, author={Kang, T. H. and Merritt, C. R. and Grant, E. and Pourdeyhimi, B. and Nagle, H Troy}, year={2008}, pages={188–195} }
 @article{karaguzel_merritt_kang_wilson_nagle_grant_pourdeyhimi_2008, title={Utility of nonwovens in the production of integrated electrical circuits via printing conductive inks}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1754-2340"]}, DOI={10.1080/00405000701547748}, abstractNote={Abstract This study reports on the printing of conductive inks directly onto nonwovens to produce circuits and embedded systems. The approach adopted applies polymer thick film (PTF) processing technologies directly onto compliant, flexible, nonwoven substrates. The paper reports on the characterization of various PTF conductive inks and printed transmission lines. The performance metrics related to the circuits are impacted by the ink viscosity and by the contact angle of the ink on the surface of the nonwoven structure. These parameters dictate the manner in which the ink is distributed onto and into the substrate. The manner in which ink droplets interact with the surface of the substrate determines the mechanisms responsible for both in-plane flow and through-the-plane flow of the ink.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE}, author={Karaguzel, B. and Merritt, C. R. and Kang, T. and Wilson, J. M. and Nagle, H. T. and Grant, E. and Pourdeyhimi, B.}, year={2008}, pages={37–45} }