@article{cardinal_whetten_wang_auclair_hyten_cregan_bachlava_gillman_ramirez_dewey_et al._2014, title={Mapping the low palmitate fap1 mutation and validation of its effects in soybean oil and agronomic traits in three soybean populations}, volume={127}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-013-2204-8}, abstractNote={fap 1 mutation is caused by a G174A change in GmKASIIIA that disrupts a donor splice site recognition and creates a GATCTG motif that enhanced its expression. Soybean oil with reduced palmitic acid content is desirable to reduce the health risks associated with consumption of this fatty acid. The objectives of this study were: to identify the genomic location of the reduced palmitate fap1 mutation, determine its molecular basis, estimate the amount of phenotypic variation in fatty acid composition explained by this locus, determine if there are epistatic interactions between the fap1 and fap nc loci and, determine if the fap1 mutation has pleiotropic effects on seed yield, oil and protein content in three soybean populations. This study detected two major QTL for 16:0 content located in chromosome 5 (GmFATB1a, fap nc) and chromosome 9 near BARCSOYSSR_09_1707 that explained, with their interaction, 66–94 % of the variation in 16:0 content in the three populations. Sequencing results of a putative candidate gene, GmKASIIIA, revealed a single unique polymorphism in the germplasm line C1726, which was predicted to disrupt the donor splice site recognition between exon one and intron one and produce a truncated KASIIIA protein. This G to A change also created the GATCTG motif that enhanced gene expression of the mutated GmKASIIIA gene. Lines homozygous for the GmKASIIIA mutation (fap1) had a significant reduction in 16:0, 18:0, and oil content; and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids content. There were significant epistatic interactions between GmKASIIIA (fap1) and fap nc for 16:0 and oil contents, and seed yield in two populations. In conclusion, the fap1 phenotype is caused by a single unique SNP in the GmKASIIIA gene.}, number={1}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Whetten, Rebecca and Wang, Sanbao and Auclair, Jerome and Hyten, David and Cregan, Perry and Bachlava, Eleni and Gillman, Jason and Ramirez, Martha and Dewey, Ralph and et al.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={97–111} }
 @article{cardinal_wang_bowman_pantalone_2012, title={Registration of 'NC-Burton' Soybean}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1936-5209"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2010.12.0720crc}, abstractNote={‘NC‐Burton’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐504, PI 664026) was cooperatively developed and released by North Carolina State University (NCSU) and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, and it was first tested in North Carolina yield trials in 2003. NC‐Burton is a determinate, maturity‐group‐V, high‐yielding, conventional cultivar adapted to the northern and central regions of eastern North Carolina. It was derived from the cross of the high‐yielding line TN93‐99 and the soybean cyst nematode–resistant cultivar ‘Fowler’. In the NCSU breeding trials (11 environments), NC‐Burton averaged 3466 kg ha−1, or 441 kg ha−1 more than the check cultivar ‘5601T’ under full‐season conditions. In eight average‐ to high‐yield environments in the North Carolina Official Variety Trials, NC‐Burton had a significantly higher seed yield (4091 kg ha−1) than 5601T in narrow (19‐cm) row spacing. Seed protein content was lower but the oil content was similar to that of 5601T. NC‐Burton is resistant to stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis), frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara), and bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye].}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Cardinal, A. J. and Wang, S. and Bowman, D. T. and Pantalone, V. R.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={146–149} }
 @article{cardinal_wang_bowman_pantalone_2012, title={Registration of 'NC-Tinius' Soybean}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1936-5209"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2010.12.0721crc}, abstractNote={‘NC‐Tinius’ soybean [Glycine max (L.,) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐503, PI 664027) was cooperatively developed and released by North Carolina State University (NCSU) and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. It was first tested in North Carolina yield trials in 2003. NC‐Tinius is a determinate, maturity‐group‐V, conventional cultivar. It is a high‐yielding conventional line adapted to the northern and central regions of eastern North Carolina. It was derived from the cross of the low‐palmitate and low‐linolenate conventional line TN99‐76,077 to a high‐yielding conventional line V91‐3036. In the NCSU breeding trials (11 environments), NC‐Tinius averaged 3443 kg ha−1, or 353 kg ha−1 more than ‘5601T’, under full‐season conditions. In eight average‐ to high‐yield environments in the North Carolina Official Variety Trials, NC‐Tinius produced significantly higher yields (4031 kg ha−1) than did the standard cultivar 5601T in narrow (19 cm) row spacing. Seed protein and oil contents were similar to those of 5601T. NC‐Tinius is resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (G1), frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara), bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye], and stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis) and is moderately resistant to sudden death syndrome (caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines).}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Cardinal, A. J. and Wang, S. and Bowman, D. T. and Pantalone, V. R.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={150–155} }
 @article{bachlava_burton_brownie_wang_auclair_cardinal_2008, title={Heritability of oleic acid content in soybean seed oil and its genetic correlation with fatty acid and agronomic traits}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0049}, abstractNote={Oleate content is important for the nutritional value and oxidative stability of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil. Response to selection for higher oleate content depends on its heritability in breeding populations, and correlated responses of other fatty acid and agronomic traits to selection for oleate content depend on their genetic correlations with oleate. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of oleate content and to determine the correlation of oleate with other fatty acid and agronomic traits in three soybean populations segregating for major and minor oleate genes grown in multiple environments. One of the populations consisted of 721 lines, providing excellent precision for estimation of the genetic parameters. The results of this study indicated that heritability for oleate content was sufficiently high that early generation selection can be effective when practiced on unreplicated lines grown at a single environment. Significant negative correlations were observed between oleate and linoleate, oleate and linolenate, as well as oleate and palmitate in all three populations. Significant positive correlations were detected between palmitate and stearate in one population segregating for oleate genes and fapnc and fap1 alleles, which reduce palmitate content. In the same population we also observed a significant negative correlation between yield and oleate content, and positive correlations between yield and linoleate, and linolenate and palmitate contents.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Burton, Joseph W. and Brownie, Cavell and Wang, Sanbao and Auclair, Jerome and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2008}, pages={1764–1772} }
 @article{bachlava_dewey_auclair_wang_burton_cardinal_2008, title={Mapping genes encoding microsomal omega-6 desaturase enzymes and their cosegregation with QTL affecting oleate content in soybean}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2007.07.0381}, abstractNote={The microsomal ω‐6 desaturase enzymes, which catalyze the desaturation of oleic acid to linoleic acid during fatty acid biosynthesis, are encoded by the FAD2‐1 and FAD2‐2 genes in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Breeders aim to incorporate the high‐oleate trait into soybean germplasm in order to improve the nutritional value and oxidative stability of soybean oil. The objectives of this study were to map the isoforms of the FAD2‐1 and FAD2‐2 genes and investigate the association of these genetic loci with the oleate phenotype in three populations segregating for oleate content. The populations were grown in replicated multienvironment field trials. According to linkage analysis conducted for two of the populations, FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B mapped on Linkage Groups O and I, respectively, while the closely linked FAD2‐2A and FAD2‐2B isoforms mapped on Linkage Group L. Oleate quantitative trait loci with minor effects were detected in the proximity of FAD2‐1B and possibly FAD2‐2B on Linkage Groups I and L. Quantitative trait loci affecting maturity were also detected on chromosomal regions adjacent to the FAD2 genes. The genotyping assays developed for the FAD2‐1A, FAD2‐1B, and FAD2‐2B isoforms, as well as their linked simple sequence repeat markers, can be used in soybean breeding programs for the elevation of oleic acid seed content through marker‐assisted selection.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Dewey, Ralph E. and Auclair, Jerome and Wang, Sanbao and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2008}, pages={640–650} }