@article{chandi_milla-lewis_jordan_york_burton_zuleta_whitaker_culpepper_2013, title={Use of AFLP Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations from North Carolina and Georgia}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/ws-d-12-00053.1}, abstractNote={Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth is a serious problem in southern cropping systems. Much phenotypic variation is observed in Palmer amaranth populations with respect to plant growth and development and susceptibility to herbicides. This may be related to levels of genetic diversity existing in populations. Knowledge of genetic diversity in populations of Palmer amaranth may be useful in understanding distribution and development of herbicide resistance. Research was conducted to assess genetic diversity among and within eight Palmer amaranth populations collected from North Carolina and Georgia using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Pair-wise genetic similarity (GS) values were found to be relatively low, averaging 0.34. The highest and the lowest GS between populations were 0.49 and 0.24, respectively, while the highest and the lowest GS within populations were 0.56 and 0.36, respectively. Cluster and principal coordinate (PCO) analyses grouped individuals mostly by population (localized geographic region) irrespective of response to glyphosate or gender of individuals. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results when populations were nested within states revealed significant variation among and within populations within states while variation among states was not significant. Variation among and within populations within state accounted for 19 and 77% of the total variation, respectively, while variation among states accounted for only 3% of the total variation. The within population contribution towards total variation was always higher than among states and among populations within states irrespective of response to glyphosate or gender of individuals. These results are significant in terms of efficacy of similar management approaches both in terms of chemical and biological control in different areas infested with Palmer amaranth.}, number={1}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, publisher={Weed Science Society}, author={Chandi, Aman and Milla-Lewis, Susana R. and Jordan, David L. and York, Alan C. and Burton, James D. and Zuleta, M. Carolina and Whitaker, Jared R. and Culpepper, A. Stanley}, year={2013}, pages={136–145} }
 @article{whitaker_york_jordan_culpepper_2011, title={Weed Management with Glyphosate- and Glufosinate-Based Systems in PHY 485 WRF Cotton}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/wt-d-10-00008.1}, abstractNote={Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has become a serious pest in parts of the Cotton Belt. Some GR cotton cultivars also contain the WideStrike™ insect resistance trait, which confers tolerance to glufosinate. Use of glufosinate-based management systems in such cultivars could be an option for managing GR Palmer amaranth. The objective of this study was to evaluate crop tolerance and weed control with glyphosate-based and glufosinate-based systems in PHY 485 WRF cotton. The North Carolina field experiment compared glyphosate and glufosinate alone and in mixtures applied twice before four- to six-leaf cotton. Additional treatments included glyphosate and glufosinate mixed withS-metolachlor or pyrithiobac applied to one- to two-leaf cotton followed by glyphosate or glufosinate alone on four- to six-leaf cotton. All treatments received a residual lay-by application. Excellent weed control was observed from all treatments on most weed species. Glyphosate was more effective than glufosinate on glyphosate-susceptible (GS) Palmer amaranth and annual grasses, while glufosinate was more effective on GR Palmer amaranth. Annual grass and GS Palmer amaranth control by glyphosate plus glufosinate was often less than control by glyphosate alone but similar to or greater than control by glufosinate alone, while mixtures were more effective than either herbicide alone on GR Palmer amaranth. Glufosinate caused minor and transient injury to the crop, but no differences in cotton yield or fiber quality were noted. This research demonstrates glufosinate can be applied early in the season to PHY 485 WRF cotton without concern for significant adverse effects on the crop. Although glufosinate is often less effective than glyphosate on GS Palmer amaranth, GR Palmer amaranth can be controlled with well-timed applications of glufosinate. Use of glufosinate in cultivars with the WideStrike trait could fill a significant void in current weed management programs for GR Palmer amaranth in cotton.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Whitaker, Jared R. and York, Alan C. and Jordan, David L. and Culpepper, A. Stanley}, year={2011}, pages={183–191} }
 @article{whitaker_york_jordan_culpepper_2010, title={Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Soybean with Glyphosate and Conventional Herbicide Systems}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/wt-d-09-00043.1}, abstractNote={Glyphosate typically controls Palmer amaranth very well. However, glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes of this weed are present in several southern states, requiring the development of effective alternatives to glyphosate-only management strategies. Field experiments were conducted in seven North Carolina environments to evaluate control of glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and GR Palmer amaranth in narrow-row soybean by glyphosate and conventional herbicide systems. Conventional systems included either pendimethalin orS-metolachlor applied PRE alone or mixed with flumioxazin, fomesafen, or metribuzin plus chlorimuron followed by fomesafen or no herbicide POST.S-metolachlor was more effective at controlling GR and GS Palmer amaranth than pendimethalin; flumioxazin and fomesafen were generally more effective than metribuzin plus chlorimuron. Fomesafen applied POST following PRE herbicides increased Palmer amaranth control and soybean yield compared with PRE-only herbicide systems. Glyphosate alone applied once POST controlled GS Palmer amaranth 97% late in the season. Glyphosate was more effective than fomesafen plus clethodim applied POST. Control of GS Palmer amaranth when treated with pendimethalin orS-metolachlor plus flumioxazin, fomesafen, or metribuzin plus chlorimuron applied PRE followed by fomesafen POST was equivalent to control achieved by glyphosate applied once POST. In fields with GR Palmer amaranth, greater than 80% late-season control was obtained only with systems of pendimethalin orS-metolachlor plus flumioxazin, fomesafen, or metribuzin plus chlorimuron applied PRE followed by fomesafen POST. Systems of pendimethalin orS-metolachlor plus flumioxazin, fomesafen, or metribuzin plus chlorimuron applied PRE without fomesafen POST controlled GR Palmer amaranth less than 30% late in the season. Systems of pendimethalin orS-metolachlor PRE followed by fomesafen POST controlled GR Palmer amaranth less than 60% late in the season.}, number={4}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Whitaker, Jared R. and York, Alan C. and Jordan, David L. and Culpepper, Stanley}, year={2010}, pages={403–410} }
 @article{york_beam_culpepper_2005, title={Control of volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean in cotton}, volume={9}, ISBN={1524-3303}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Cotton Science (Online)}, author={York, A. C. and Beam, J. B. and Culpepper, A. S.}, year={2005}, pages={102} }
 @article{york_culpepper_bowman_may_2004, title={Performance of glyphosate-tolerant cotton cultivars in official cultivar trials}, volume={8}, ISBN={1524-3303}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Cotton Science (Online)}, author={York, A. C. and Culpepper, A. S. and Bowman, D. T. and May, O. L.}, year={2004}, pages={261} }
 @article{york_culpepper_stewart_2004, title={Response of strip-tilled cotton to preplant applications of dicamba and 2,4-D}, volume={8}, ISBN={1524-3303}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Cotton Science (Online)}, author={York, A. C. and Culpepper, A. S. and Stewart, A. M.}, year={2004}, pages={213} }
 @article{culpepper_york_batts_jennings_2000, title={Weed management in glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max)}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0077:WMIGAG]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract: An experiment was conducted at six locations in North Carolina to compare weed-management treatments using glufosinate postemergence (POST) in glufosinate-resistant soybean, glyphosate POST in glyphosate-resistant soybean, and imazaquin plus SAN 582 preemergence (PRE) followed by chlorimuron POST in nontransgenic soybean. Prickly sida and sicklepod were controlled similarly and 84 to 100% by glufosinate and glyphosate. Glyphosate controlled broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum, goosegrass, rhizomatous johnsongrass, common lambsquarters, and smooth pigweed at least 90%. Control of these weeds by glyphosate often was greater than control by glufosinate. Mixing fomesafen with glufosinate increased control of these species except johnsongrass. Glufosinate often was more effective than glyphosate on entireleaf and tall morningglories. Fomesafen mixed with glyphosate increased morningglory control but reduced smooth pigweed control. Glufosinate or glyphosate applied sequentially or early postemergence (EPOST) following imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE often were more effective than glufosinate or glyphosate applied only EPOST. Only rhizomatous johnsongrass was controlled more effectively by glufosinate or glyphosate treatments than by imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE followed by chlorimuron POST. Yields and net returns with soil-applied herbicides only were often lower than total POST herbicide treatments. Sequential POST herbicide applications or soil-applied herbicides followed by POST herbicides were usually more effective economically than single POST herbicide applications. Nomenclature: Chlorimuron, ethyl 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl] amino]sulfonyl]benzoate; SAN 582 (proposed name, dimethenamid), 2-chloro-N-[(1-methyl-2-methoxy)ethyl]-N-(2,4-dimethyl-thien-3-yl)-acetamide; fomesafen, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide; glufosinate, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid; glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash #2 BRAPP; carpetweed, Mollugo verticillata L. # MOLVE; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; cutleaf groundcherry, Physalis angulata L. # PHYAN; eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L. # ECLAL; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray # IPOHG; fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. # PANDI; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. # SORHA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia L. Irwin and Barneby # CASOB; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 5403 LL’, ‘Asgrow 5547 LL’, ‘Asgrow 5602 RR’, ‘Hartz 5566 RR’, ‘Southern States FFR 595’. Additional index words: Herbicide-resistant crops, Liberty Link soybean, nontransgenic soybean, Roundup Ready soybean. Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; EPOST, early postemergence; EPSPS, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; LPOST, late postemergence; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; THR, transgenic, herbicide-resistant; WAA, weeks after late postemergence application; WAP, weeks after planting.}, number={1}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Culpepper, AS and York, AC and Batts, RB and Jennings, KM}, year={2000}, pages={77–88} }
 @article{culpepper_york_2000, title={Weed management in ultra narrow row cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0019:WMIUNR]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract: New weed management tools and growth regulators make production of ultra narrow row (UNR) cotton possible. Weed control, cotton yield, fiber quality, and net returns were compared in UNR bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton. Weeds included broadleaf signalgrass, carpetweed, common cocklebur, common lambsquarters, common ragweed, goosegrass, jimsonweed, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, smooth pigweed, and tall morningglory. Pendimethalin preplant incorporated (PPI) in conventional-tillage or preemergence (PRE) in no-till systems plus fluometuron PRE did not adequately control many of these weeds. Pyrithiobac plus MSMA early postemergence (POST) often was more effective than pyrithiobac alone. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by pyrithiobac plus MSMA early POST controlled sicklepod 82%, goosegrass 89%, Palmer amaranth 92%, and the other species at least 95% late season. Pyrithiobac at mid-POST did not improve control. Bromoxynil plus MSMA early POST was more effective than bromoxynil alone only on sicklepod. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by bromoxynil plus MSMA early POST controlled sicklepod 62%, Palmer amaranth 81%, goosegrass 83%, and all other species at least 95%. Glyphosate early POST did not adequately control many species due to sustained weed emergence. Glyphosate early POST followed by glyphosate late POST (after last effective bloom date) controlled all species except pitted morningglory and tall morningglory at least 93%. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron followed by glyphosate early POST was the most effective glyphosate system overall, and it controlled sicklepod 88%, pitted morningglory 90%, and other species at least 93%. Glyphosate late POST did not increase control in systems with pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by glyphosate early POST. Yields and net returns were similar with all herbicide/cultivar systems at two of five locations. At other locations, yields and net returns were similar with systems of pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by pyrithiobac plus MSMA early POST, pendimethalin plus fluometuron followed by bromoxynil plus MSMA early POST, and glyphosate early POST. Greatest yields and net returns were obtained with pendimethalin plus fluometuron at planting followed by glyphosate early POST. Herbicide systems did not affect fiber quality. Nomenclature: Bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile; fluometuron, N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; MSMA, monosodium methanearsonate; pendimethalin, N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine; pyrithiobac, 2-chloro-6-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)thio]benzoic acid; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash #3 BRAPP; carpetweed, Mollugo verticillata L. # MOLVE; common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. # XANST; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN; jimsonweed, Datura stramonium L. # DATST; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. # AMAPA; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby # CASOB; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Deltapine 51,’ ‘Paymaster 1220RR,’ ‘Stoneville BXN 47.’ Additional index words: Bromoxynil-resistant cotton, cotton yield, fiber quality, glyphosate-resistant cotton, transgenic herbicide-resistant cotton. Abbreviations: POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence; UNR, ultra narrow row; WAP, weeks after planting.}, number={1}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Culpepper, AS and York, AC}, year={2000}, pages={19–29} }
 @article{culpepper_york_jordan_corbin_sheldon_1999, title={Basis for antagonism in mixtures of bromoxynil plus quizalofop-P applied to yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca)}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0890037x00046121}, abstractNote={Antagonism of quizalofop-P efficacy on annual grasses by bromoxynil has been noted in both the field and greenhouse. Laboratory experiments were conducted on yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca) to determine the effect of mixing bromoxynil with the ethyl ester of quizalofop-P on absorption, translocation, and metabolism of14C-quizalofop-P Applying bromoxynil in mixture with quizalofop-P reduced14C-label absorption from 63 to 51%, 73 to 52%, 77 to 68%, and 90 to 80% at 4, 8, 24, and 96 h after treatment, respectively. Translocation of14C-label from the treated leaf into the shoot above or shoot below was unaffected by bromoxynil. However, translocation into the roots was reduced from 0.9 to 0.4% and 1.0 to 0.5% at 4 and 8 h after treatment, respectively, but differences were not noted at 0.5, 1, 24, and 96 h after treatment. Bromoxynil increased deesterification of quizalofop-P-ethyl into quizalofop-P acid from 45 to 60% in the shoot above the treated leaf. However, bromoxynil did not affect metabolism of quizalofop-P in the treated leaf or shoot below the treated leaf. These results suggest that antagonism of quizalofop-P activity by bromoxynil is primarily due to decreased absorption of quizalofop-P, whereas effects on translocation and metabolism were minor.}, number={3}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Culpepper, AS and York, AC and Jordan, DL and Corbin, FT and Sheldon, YS}, year={1999}, pages={515–519} }
 @article{jennings_culpepper_york_1999, title={Cotton response to temperature and pyrithiobac}, volume={3}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Cotton Science}, author={Jennings, K. M. and Culpepper, A. S. and York, A. C.}, year={1999}, pages={132–138} }
 @article{york_culpepper_1999, title={Economics of weed management systems in BXN, roundup ready, and conventional cotton}, volume={1}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={York, A. C. and Culpepper, A. S.}, year={1999}, pages={744–745} }
 @article{culpepper_jordan_york_corbin_sheldon_1999, title={Influence of adjuvants and bromoxynil on absorption of clethodim}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0890037x00046169}, abstractNote={The effect of nonionic surfactant, crop oil concentrate, organosilicone surfactant, methylated seed oil, and a blend of organosilicone surfactant and methylated seed oil on absorption of14C-clethodim was evaluated in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Absorption of14C-label was greatest during the first 40 min after application when14C-clethodim was applied with methylated seed oil or a blend of methylated seed oil and organosilicone surfactant. These adjuvants increased the rate of absorption more than crop oil concentrate, organosilicone surfactant, or nonionic surfactant. Crop oil concentrate was more effective than organosilicone or nonionic surfactant in increasing absorption, with nonionic surfactant being more effective than organosilicone surfactant. These results generally agreed with the order of increasing efficacy of clethodim on barnyardgrass as affected by adjuvants in field experiments. Another study was conducted to determine the effect of bromoxynil on absorption and translocation of14C-clethodim in yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca). Bromoxynil reduced absorption of14C–clethodim 4, 8, and 24 h after application and also reduced the amount of14C-label translocated from the treated leaf. These data suggest that antagonism of clethodim control of yellow foxtail by bromoxynil observed in previous research can be attributed partially to decreased absorption and translocation of clethodim.}, number={3}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Culpepper, AS and Jordan, DL and York, AC and Corbin, FT and Sheldon, Y}, year={1999}, pages={536–541} }
 @article{culpepper_york_brownie_1999, title={Influence of bromoxynil on annual grass control by graminicides}, volume={47}, number={1}, journal={Weed Science}, author={Culpepper, A. S. and York, A. C. and Brownie, C.}, year={1999}, pages={123–128} }
 @article{culpepper_york_1999, title={Weed management and net returns with transgenic, herbicide-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0890037x00041956}, abstractNote={Weed management systems were compared in bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton. A standard system of pendimethalin preplant incorporated (PPI), fluometuron preemergence (PRE), fluometuron plus MSMA early postemergence-directed (POST-DIR), and cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR in combination with cultivation controlled broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed 98 to 100% late season. Weed control, cotton yield, and net returns were similar when pyrithiobac or bromoxynil plus MSMA postemergence (POST) replaced fluometuron plus MSMA POST-DIR. Fluometuron PRE had little to no effect in bromoxynil systems. Glyphosate POST to three- to four-leaf-stage cotton followed by cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR and cultivation controlled weeds 96 to 100%. Glyphosate POST followed by glyphosate POST-DIR and cultivation controlled pitted morningglory and large crabgrass 89 to 90% and other species at least 94%. Yields and net returns at one location were similar for glyphosate applied twice or glyphosate POST followed by cyanazine plus MSMA POST-DIR and the standard system. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems did not increase yield or net returns. At a location severely infested with large crabgrass, pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems increased yield 37 to 44% and net returns 85 to 108%, respectively, when glyphosate was applied to cotton at the three-to four-leaf stage, but not if glyphosate was applied to cotton at the one-leaf stage. Yield and net returns were similar when bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton were treated using the standard system.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Culpepper, AS and York, AC}, year={1999}, pages={411–420} }
 @article{culpepper_york_1999, title={Weed management in glufosinate-resistant corn (Zea mays)}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0890037x00041816}, abstractNote={An experiment was conducted at five locations in North Carolina to compare management systems utilizing glufosinate applied postemergence (POST) in glufosinate-resistant corn with standard systems of metolachlor plus atrazine preemergence (PRE) or nicosulfuron plus atrazine POST Glufosinate alone and both standard systems controlled common ragweed and prickly sida at least 98%, whereas sicklepod control was < 20% late in the season. Late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, and tall morningglory was generally less with glufosinate alone than with the standard systems. However, late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, tall morningglory, and sicklepod by mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazine was at least 99, 100, 89, 93, and 81%, respectively, and was equal to or greater than control by either standard. Broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, and fall panicum were controlled similarly by glufosinate and the standards. Goosegrass control by glufosinate was similar to control by nicosulfuron plus atrazine, but it was less than control by metolachlor plus atrazine. Metolachlor applied PRE or atrazine mixed with glufosinate increased goosegrass control to that achieved with metolachlor plus atrazine. Mixing atrazine with glufosinate did not affect fall panicum control, but metolachlor PRE followed by glufosinate controlled fall panicum as well as the standards. Cultivation or ametryn applied at layby increased control when PRE or POST herbicides alone controlled weeds less than about 90%. Ametryn was generally more effective than cultivation. Glufosinate POST followed by ametryn at layby controlled sicklepod > 90% and other species > 95% late in the season. Corn yield and net returns were similar in the glufosinate and standard systems.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Culpepper, AS and York, AC}, year={1999}, pages={324–333} }
 @article{culpepper_york_1999, title={Weed management in ultra narrow row cotton in North Carolina}, volume={1}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Culpepper, A. S. and York, A. C.}, year={1999}, pages={740–741} }
 @article{culpepper_york_jennings_batts_1998, title={Interaction of bromoxynil and postemergence graminicides on large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0890037x00044304}, abstractNote={The effect of bromoxynil on large crabgrass control by clethodim, sethoxydim, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P, and quizalofop-P was evaluated in 1996 and 1997 in bromoxynil-tolerant cotton and in fallow areas. Bromoxynil at 560 g ai/ha reduced large crabgrass control 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) when mixed with labeled rates of fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P, or quizalofop-P. Control 9 WAT was reduced when bromoxynil was mixed with any of the graminicides. Antagonism with the mixtures was greatest with quizalofop-P, intermediate with fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P and fluazifop-P, and least with clethodim and sethoxydim. Increasing the graminicide rate 50% in mixtures with bromoxynil alleviated antagonism only for clethodim. No antagonism was noted 9 WAT when bromoxynil was applied 3 d before or 3 d after application of clethodim or sethoxydim or when bromoxynil was applied 3 d after fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P. Antagonism was observed when bromoxynil was applied 3 d before fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P or when applied 3 d before or 3 d after fluazifop-P and quizalofop-P. Regardless of bromoxynil application, greatest yields were obtained from cotton treated with clethodim or sethoxydim. Bromoxynil applied 3 d before or 3 d after clethodim, sethoxydim, or fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P did not reduce yield. Yield was reduced when bromoxynil was applied 3 d before or 3 d after application of fluazifop-P or quizalofop-P and when bromoxynil was mixed with any graminicide.}, number={3}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Culpepper, AS and York, AC and Jennings, KM and Batts, RB}, year={1998}, pages={554–559} }
 @article{edmisten_york_culpepper_stewart_maitland_1998, title={Optimizing production workshop--ultra narrow row cotton for the Southeast}, volume={1}, number={1998}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Edmisten, K. L. and York, A. C. and Culpepper, A. S. and Stewart, A. M. and Maitland, J.}, year={1998}, pages={84} }
 @article{jennings_york_culpepper_batts_1998, title={Staple/MSMA combinations for sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) control in cotton}, volume={1}, number={1998}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Jennings, K. M. and York, A. C. and Culpepper, A. S. and Batts, R. B.}, year={1998}, pages={843–844} }
 @article{culpepper_york_1998, title={Weed management in glyphosate-tolerant cotton}, volume={2}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Cotton Science}, author={Culpepper, A. S. and York, A. C.}, year={1998}, pages={174–185} }
 @article{jennings_york_batts_culpepper_1997, title={Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula) management in soybean (Glycine max) with flumetsulam}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0890037x00042883}, abstractNote={Systems consisting of flumetsulam, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, or imazaquin applied PPI with trifluralin or PRE with metolachlor were compared with and without chlorimuron POST for control of sicklepod and entireleaf morningglory in narrow-row soybean at four locations. Control of sicklepod and entireleaf morningglory by soil-applied herbicides was generally inadequate. Control of sicklepod by flumetsulam exceeded control by metribuzin plus chlorimuron or imazaquin at one location. Entireleaf morningglory control by flumetsulam was similar to or less than control by metribuzin plus chlorimuron or imazaquin. Chlorimuron POST was a more important component of management systems for these weeds than was flumetsulam, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, or imazaquin PPI or PRE. Pooled over soil-applied herbicides, chlorimuron POST increased late-season control of sicklepod and entireleaf morningglory 25 to 61% and 22 to 54%, respectively; increased soybean yield 20 to 55%; decreased foreign matter contamination 5 to 13%; and increased net returns $34 to $185/ha. When used in conjunction with chlorimuron POST, flumetsulam, metribuzin plus chlorimuron, and imazaquin applied PPI with trifluralin or PRE with metolachlor increased late-season control of sicklepod and entireleaf morningglory only when control by trifluralin or metolachlor followed by chlorimuron POST was less than 66 and 77%, respectively.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Jennings, KM and York, AC and Batts, RB and Culpepper, AS}, year={1997}, pages={227–234} }
 @article{culpepper_york_batts_jennings_1997, title={Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) management in an ALS-modified soybean (Glycine max)}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1017/s0890037x0004152x}, abstractNote={Herbicide systems consisting of PRE, early POST, and late POST options arranged factorially were compared for control of sicklepod in narrow-row soybean with modified acetolactate synthase (ALS) (E.C.4.1.3.18). Other weeds present included common cocklebur and mixed infestations of entireleaf, ivyleaf, pitted, and tall morningglories. PRE options were alachlor or alachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron. Early POST options included chlorimuron, chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron, and no herbicide applied 3 wk after planting. Late POST options were chlorimuron and no herbicide applied 5 wk after planting. POST herbicides were more effective than PRE herbicides on all weeds. Chlorimuron and chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron applied early POST were equally effective on these weeds and usually more effective than chlorimuron applied late POST. There was no advantage of two POST applications compared with a single early POST application. Greatest net returns were obtained in systems using only early POST herbicides. There was no economic advantage from using metribuzin plus chlorimuron PRE in systems that included an early POST herbicide.}, number={1}, journal={Weed Technology}, author={Culpepper, A. S. and York, A. C. and Batts, R. B. and Jennings, Katherine}, year={1997}, pages={164–170} }
 @article{culpepper_york_1997, title={Weed management in no-tillage bromoxynil-tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)}, volume={11}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1017/s0890037x00043049}, abstractNote={An experiment was conducted at four locations in North Carolina during 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed control, cotton yield, fiber quality, and net returns in no-tillage bromoxynil-tolerant cotton. The experiment focused on using bromoxynil or pyrithiobac sodium applied early POST over-the-top as alternatives to fluometuron plus MSMA applied early POST directed. Fluometuron plus MSMA was more effective than bromoxynil or pyrithiobac sodium on tall morningglory, large crabgrass, goosegrass, and broadleaf signalgrass. Bromoxynil and fluometuron plus MSMA were similarly effective on common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and eclipta and more effective than pyrithiobac sodium. Pyrithiobac sodium and fluometuron plus MSMA were similarly effective on smooth pigweed and Palmer amaranth and more effective than bromoxynil. Prickly sida control by bromoxynil and pyrithiobac sodium was equal to or greater than control by fluometuron plus MSMA. All early POST herbicides controlled pitted morningglory similarly. Regardless of the early POST herbicides used, fluometuron applied PRE and cyanazine plus MSMA applied late POST directed increased control of most weeds and increased cotton yield and net returns. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac sodium effectively substituted for fluometuron plus MSMA only in systems that included fluometuron applied PRE and cyanazine plus MSMA applied late POST directed. Effects of herbicide systems on cotton fiber quality were minor.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Culpepper, AS and York, AC}, year={1997}, pages={335–345} }