@article{kidd_anderson_2019, title={Laying hens in the U.S. market: An appraisal of trends from the beginning of the 20th century to present}, volume={28}, ISSN={1056-6171}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz043}, DOI={10.3382/japr/pfz043}, abstractNote={SUMMARY This typescript has been written to provide a brief history of the commercial egg industry and the modern laying hen from the beginning of the 20th century to present. Certainly the hens’ husbandry and production practices will continue to change at the onset of this publication and thereafter. Farmers, egg distribution centers, and commercial egg companies in the U.S. have done an excellent job in keeping eggs affordable and in plentiful supply during the cited 100 yr plus (e.g., 1900 to present) of population growth, urban and suburban growth, and declining egg farmers and producers. Further, as industry efficiency and company consolidation increased, so did hen rearing practice misconceptions among U.S. consumers. The 2010 U.S. Census indicates that 1.6% of the US population is engaged in agriculture production, which feeds the remaining 98.4% of the population. This review highlights over 100 yr of table egg production in the U.S., beginning in 1900 when approximately 25% of the U.S. population was engaged in agriculture production.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Anderson, K.E.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={771–784} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_2000, title={Turkey hen zinc source affects progeny immunity and disease resistance}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1056-6171"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/9.3.414}, abstractNote={Abstract Progeny immunocompetence and disease resistance from turkey hens receiving dietary supplemental zinc was investigated. Twelve hens received a diet that contained 82 mg/kg Zn. Diets were supplemented with 40 mg/kg Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) or 40 mg/kg Zn methionine (ZnM) and analyzed to contain 122 and 118 mg/kg total Zn, respectively (six replications per treatment). Progeny received a corn and soybean meal diet containing 92 mg/kg Zn. Hens supplemented with ZnM had progeny with heavier (P≤.05) bursa of Fabricius as a percentage of poult body weight (BW). Blood monocytes were isolated from poults at 7 days of age, and hens receiving ZnM had progeny with higher (P≤.01) blood leukocyte Zn concentrations. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response elicited by phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was higher (P≤.05) in progeny from hens supplemented with ZnM. Subsequent hypersensitivity measurements with PHA-P or pokeweed mitogen did not differ between Zn sources. Macrophage function of poults was evaluated after Bordetella avium inoculation. Poults from hens supplemented with ZnM had higher (P≤.06) percentage macrophages adhered to glass surfaces. However, poults from hens supplemented with ZnM had depressed 21-day BW (P≤.05) after B. avium inoculation. Results indicate that dietary ZnM supplementation to hens may aid progeny immune organ development and enhance nonspecific immunity. However, progeny from hens supplemented with ZnM had a depressed BW after B. avium infection that may have been due to a heightened immune response.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Kidd, MT and Qureshi, MA and Ferket, PR and Thomas, LN}, year={2000}, pages={414–423} }
 @article{kidd_ferket_garlich_1998, title={Dietary threonine responses in growing turkey toms}, volume={77}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/77.10.1550}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to evaluate Thr responses in Large White (British United Turkeys) male turkeys during three time periods: 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 9 wk of age. The Thr-deficient diets, fed in 3-wk intervals, were composed primarily of corn, peanut meal, poultry meal, and soybean meal as intact protein sources and supplemented with amino acids. Graded levels of L-Thr were added to the Thr-deficient diets. Another group of turkeys received a corn-soybean-poultry meal control diet in each time period. Diets were formulated to meet a minimum of 110% of suggested amino acid specifications (NRC, 1994) for all essential amino acids, except Thr. Feed intake, BW gain, and feed:gain responses were measured. Average environmental temperatures for Weeks 1, 2, and 3 were 29, 27, and 24 C, respectively. From 4 to 9 wk of age, average environmental temperatures varied between 24 and 35 C. Turkeys in each time period responded to Thr in a curvilinear manner with responses at the asymptote being equivalent to turkeys fed the corn-soybean meal control diets. Adequate dietary Thr levels for gain and feed:gain for the 0 to 3 wk period were 0.93% (3.21 g Thr/Mcal ME) and 0.97% (3.34 g Thr/Mcal ME) of diet, respectively. From 3 to 6 wk of age, the level of dietary Thr needed to support adequate BW gain and feed:gain was 0.88% of diet (2.81 g Thr/Mcal ME). The level of dietary Thr needed to support adequate BW gain and feed:gain from 6 to 9 wk of age was 0.77% of diet (2.30 g Thr/Mcal ME). These results indicate that the NRC (1994) estimations of Thr needs up to 9 wk of age are more than adequate.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Kidd, MT and Ferket, PR and Garlich, TD}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={1550–1555} }
 @misc{kidd_ferket_garlich_1997, title={Nutritional and osmoregulatory functions of betaine}, volume={53}, ISSN={["0043-9339"]}, DOI={10.1079/wps19970013}, abstractNote={Betaine, a donor of labile methyl groups, can spare choline and methionine but cannot replace these compounds in poultry diets. Betaine is synthesized from choline by choline oxidase and it can don...}, number={2}, journal={WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL}, author={Kidd, MT and Ferket, PR and Garlich, JD}, year={1997}, month={Jun}, pages={125–139} }
 @article{ferket_kidd_1997, title={Organic zinc sources and performance and health in poultry}, number={1997}, journal={Proceedings of the Maryland Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers}, author={Ferket, P. R. and Kidd, M.T.}, year={1997}, pages={37–43} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_hagler_ali_1997, title={T-2 tetraol is cytotoxic to a chicken macrophage cell line}, volume={76}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/76.2.311}, abstractNote={Cytotoxic effects of T-2 tetraol, a T-2 toxin derivative, on the MQ-NCSU chicken macrophage cell line were quantified by direct in vitro exposure. Macrophage cultures were exposed to 1, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 micrograms/mL of T-2 tetraol for 1 h. Macrophage viability after exposure to T-2 tetraol. Macrophage viability was reduced by increasing concentrations of T-2 tetraol (linear effect, P < or = 0.001; quadratic effect, P < or = 0.025). The ability of macrophages to adhere to glass surfaces was impaired by increasing concentrations of T-2 tetraol (linear effect, P < or = 0.003). This experiment demonstrates that T-2 tetraol is cytotoxic to chicken macrophages in vitro.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Kidd, MT and Qureshi, MA and Hagler, WM and Ali, R}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={311–313} }
 @article{kidd_ferket_qureshi_1996, title={Zinc metabolism with special reference to its role in immunity}, volume={52}, number={3}, journal={World's Poultry Science Journal}, author={Kidd, M. T. and Ferket, P. R. and Qureshi, M. A.}, year={1996}, pages={309} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_1994, title={Blood Clearance of Escherichia coli and Evaluation of Mononuclear-Phagocytic System as Influenced by Supplemental Dietary Zinc Methionine in Young Turkeys}, volume={73}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731381}, DOI={10.3382/ps.0731381}, abstractNote={The influence of diets containing Zn-Met on in vitro and in vivo uptake of Escherichia coli by the mononuclear-phagocytic system was evaluated. Female Nicholas turkeys reared in battery brooders were supplemented with 40 micrograms Zn/g as Zn-Met in a corn soybean meal diet from 1 to 3 wk of age. Chemical analysis of the basal diets indicated that the basal diets contained 130 micrograms Zn/g and the Zn-Met diets contained 165 micrograms Zn/g. Each diet was fed to three replicate pens of 8 birds in Experiment 1 and three pens of 16 birds in Experiment 2. Body weight gain, feed conversion (FC), and clearance of injected E. coli from blood were determined in Experiments 1 and 2. Abdominal exudate cells (AEC) were recruited by intra-abdominal Sephadex injection. Substrate adherence potential and incidence of macrophages in AEC, phagocytosis of E. coli in vitro in terms of percentage phagocytic macrophages, and number of internalized E. coli per phagocytic macrophage, were quantified in Experiment 1. Plasma Zn concentrations and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (ALKP) were determined in Experiment 2. Supplemental Zn-Met improved 3-wk BW gain (P < or = .003) only in Experiment 2. Dietary Zn-Met increased mean adherence of cells by 69% (P < or = .001). The number of phagocytized E. coli per macrophage did not differ significantly between treatments; however, E. coli clearance from blood was significantly improved in poults receiving Zn-Met in Experiment 2. Plasma Zn was higher in poults supplemented with Zn-Met prior to and after E. coli administration (P < or = .02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)}, number={9}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kidd, M.T. and Qureshi, M.A. and Ferket, P.R. and Thomas, L.N.}, year={1994}, month={Sep}, pages={1381–1389} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_ferket_thomas_1994, title={Dietary zinc-methionine enhances mononuclear-phagocytic function in young turkeys}, volume={42}, ISSN={0163-4984 1559-0720}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02911519}, DOI={10.1007/BF02911519}, abstractNote={The ability of dietary zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) to enhance mononuclear-phagocytic function against Salmonella arizona and enteritidis was investigated in young turkeys. Feed/gain and body wt gain at 21 d of age were not affected by Zn-Met. The addition of 30 or 45 ppm Zn from Zn-Met to a Zn adequate diet significantly increased cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin-P. The clearance of intravenously administered S. enteritidis from blood was not affected by 30 ppm of supplemental Zn from Zn-Met. However, 30 ppm Zn from Zn-Met increased the reduction of intravenously administered S. arizona from spleen. Percentages of myeloid and mononuclear-phagocytic cells before and after S. enteritidis infection were not affected by supplemental Zn-Met. Turkeys supplemented with Zn-Met showed enhanced in vitro phagocytosis of S. enteritidis by Sephadex-elicited abdominal exudate cells. The phagocytosis of S. arizona was unaffected by Zn-Met.}, number={3}, journal={Biological Trace Element Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kidd, M. T. and Qureshi, M. A. and Ferket, P. R. and Thomas, L. N.}, year={1994}, month={Sep}, pages={217–229} }