@article{zhang_gamaldo_neupert_allaire_2019, title={Predicting Control Beliefs in Older Adults: A Micro-Longitudinal Study}, volume={75}, ISSN={1079-5014 1758-5368}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz001}, DOI={10.1093/geronb/gbz001}, abstractNote={Abstract
               
                  Objectives
                  The present study examined potential sources of intra- and inter-individual differences in older adults’ control beliefs using a micro-longitudinal design.
               
               
                  Method
                  Older adults (n = 205) ranging in age from 60 to 94 (M = 72.70, SD = 6.72) completed 8 in-person testing sessions within 3 weeks which included assessments of control beliefs (Locus of Control and Perceived Competence), physical health (physical symptoms and sleep self-efficacy), stressors, emotional well-being (Positive Affect and Negative Affect), and cognition (basic cognition tests, everyday cognition, and memory failures).
               
               
                  Results
                  Multilevel models indicated that on days when older adults had higher sleep self-efficacy, more positive affect, and less negative affect, they also had more internal locus of control and higher perceived competence. Having stressors on the previous occasion was associated with lower internal locus of control on the subsequent occasion. Physical symptoms, everyday cognition, and memory failures could be predictive of locus of control for some older adults.
               
               
                  Discussion
                  Our findings showed the differentiated antecedents of locus of control and perceived competence, the unique role of sleep self-efficacy, positive affect, and negative affect in understanding antecedents of both, as well as the need to study well-being and cognition antecedents of control beliefs in future studies.
               }, number={5}, journal={The Journals of Gerontology: Series B}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Zhang, Shenghao and Gamaldo, Alyssa A and Neupert, Shevaun D and Allaire, Jason C}, editor={Infurna, Frank JEditor}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={e1–e12} }
 @article{sims_whitfield_ayotte_gamaldo_edwards_allaire_2011, title={SUBJECTIVE MEMORY IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1096-4657"]}, DOI={10.1080/0361073x.2011.555640}, abstractNote={The current analysis examined (a) if measures of psychological well-being predict subjective memory, and (b) if subjective memory is consistent with actual memory. Five hundred seventy-nine older African Americans from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging completed measures assessing subjective memory, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, locus of control, and verbal and working memory. Higher levels of perceived stress and greater externalized locus of control predicted poorer subjective memory, but subjective memory did not predict objective verbal or working memory. Results suggest that subjective memory is influenced by aspects of psychological well-being but is unrelated to objective memory in older African Americans.}, number={2}, journal={EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH}, author={Sims, Regina C. and Whitfield, Keith E. and Ayotte, Brian J. and Gamaldo, Alyssa A. and Edwards, Christopher L. and Allaire, Jason C.}, year={2011}, pages={220–240} }
 @article{gamaldo_allaire_sims_whitfield_2010, title={Assessing mild cognitive impairment among older African Americans}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1099-1166"]}, DOI={10.1002/gps.2417}, abstractNote={AbstractObjectivesTo examine the frequency of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in African American older adults. The study also plans to explore the specific cognitive domains of impairment as well as whether there are differences in demographics, health, and cognitive performance between MCI and normal participants.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingIndependent‐living sample of urban dwelling elders in Baltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 554 subjects ranging in age from 50 to 95 (Mean = 68.79 ± 9.60).MeasurementsSocio‐demographics and health were assessed. Several cognitive measures were administered to assess inductive reasoning, declarative memory, perceptual speed, working memory, executive functioning, language and global cognitive functioning.ResultsApproximately 22% of participants were considered MCI (i.e. 18% non‐amnestic vs. 4% amnestic). A majority of the non‐amnestic MCI participants had impairment in one cognitive domain, particularly language and executive function. Individuals classified as non‐amnestic MCI were significantly older and had more years of education than normal individuals. The MCI groups were not significantly different than cognitively normal individuals on health factors. Individuals classified as MCI performed significantly worse on global cognitive measures as well as across specific cognitive domains than cognitively normal individuals.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that impairment in a non‐memory domain may be an early indicator of cognitive impairment, particularly among African Americans. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={7}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY}, author={Gamaldo, Alyssa A. and Allaire, Jason C. and Sims, Regina C. and Whitfield, Keith E.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={748–755} }
 @article{whitfield_kiddoe_gamaldo_andel_edwards_2009, title={Concordance rates for cognitive impairment among older African American twins}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1552-5279"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jalz.2008.09.003}, abstractNote={BackgroundThere is significant attention to the growing elderly African American population and estimating who and how many within this population will be affected by cognitive impairment.ObjectiveThe etiology of cognitive impairment has not been well studied in African Americans and the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to cognitive impairment is not clear.MethodsWe calculated concordance rates and heritability for cognitive impairment in 95 same‐sexed pairs of African American twins from the Carolina African American Twin Study on Aging (CAATSA). The sample had an average age of 59.6 years (SD = 8.6 years, range 50‐88 years) and 60% were female. The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) was used to assess cognitive impairment with a lower cutoff based on our previous research with African Americans.ResultsThirteen of the monozygotic (MZ) twins (30.2%) and 9 of the dizygotic (DZ) twins (17.3%) were cognitively impaired. The concordance rate was 72% for MZ and 45% for DZ. We found the heritability for cognitive impairment to be 54%.ConclusionsThe study findings indicate that cognitive impairment is highly heritable, suggesting that genetics may play a relatively large role in the development of cognitive impairment in African American twins.}, number={3}, journal={ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA}, author={Whitfield, Keith E. and Kiddoe, Jared and Gamaldo, Alyssa and Andel, Ross and Edwards, Christopher L.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={276–279} }
 @article{weatherbee_gamaldo_allaire_2009, title={Exploring the Within-Person Coupling of Reading Vision and Cognition in the Elderly}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1744-4128"]}, DOI={10.1080/13825580902871034}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study examined the within-person relationship between reading vision and cognitive functioning. Analysis was conducted on 36 community-dwelling elderly (age range = 60–87) who completed a reading vision task and three cognitive tests (i.e., Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (AVLT), Letter Series, and Number Comparison) twice a day over 60 consecutive days. Significant within-person variability was found for the reading vision measure. Additionally, a main effect was found for reading vision and performance on the AVLT and Number Comparison task; such that on occasions when reading vision was poor, cognitive performance suffered.}, number={6}, journal={AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION}, author={Weatherbee, Sarah R. and Gamaldo, Alyssa A. and Allaire, Jason C.}, year={2009}, pages={671–682} }
 @article{gamaldo_weatherbee_allaire_2008, title={Exploring the Within-Person Coupling of Blood Pressure and Cognition in Elders}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1758-5368"]}, DOI={10.1093/geronb/63.6.P386}, abstractNote={In this study, we examined the relationship between within-person blood pressure and cognitive functioning. We conducted an analysis on 36 community-dwelling elderly individuals (age range = 60-87 years). Participants measured their blood pressure and completed cognitive tasks (i.e., the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, the Letter Series test, and the Number Comparison test) twice a day over 60 consecutive days. We observed a significant interaction between within-person change in blood pressure and average blood pressure for the Letter Series test. Individuals with high blood pressure tended to perform poorly, particularly on occasions when their blood pressure level was above their personal average. These results demonstrate that the relationship between blood pressure and cognition at the between-person level and the relationship within each individual should be further explored simultaneously.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES}, author={Gamaldo, Alyssa A. and Weatherbee, Sarah R. and Allaire, Jason C.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={P386–P389} }
 @article{allaire_gamaldo_ayotte_sims_whitfield_2009, title={Mild Cognitive Impairment and Objective Instrumental Everyday Functioning: The Everyday Cognition Battery Memory Test}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1532-5415"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02054.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVES:  To examine the performance subjects with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on an objective measure of everyday or real‐world memory and subjective items assessing competency within the same instrumental domains; to determine whether the Everyday Cognition Battery (ECB) can uniquely predict MCI status.DESIGN:  Cross‐sectional.SETTING:  Independent‐living sample of urban dwelling elders in Baltimore Maryland.PARTICIPANTS:  The sample consisted of 555 subjects ranging in age from 50 to 95 (mean 68.8 ± 9.6).MEASUREMENTS:  Objective performance in three instrumental domains (medication use, financial management, nutrition and food preparation) was assessed using the ECB Memory Test. Subjective performance within the same instrumental domains was also assessed.RESULTS:  No difference was found between elderly subjects with and without MCI on the subjective items of instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) competency. A significant multivariate effect for cognitive status group (F3, 507=21.88, P<.05, η2=.12) was observed for the objective measure, with participants with MCI performing, on average, significantly worse than those without on all thee instrumental domain subscales. The medicine use (odds ratio (OR)=0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.94–0.99) and financial management (OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.91–0.96) subscales of the ECB Memory Test were unique and significant predictors of MCI.CONCLUSION:  This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that cognitively complex IADLs might be compromised in elderly people with MCI. Moreover, the ECB Memory Test might be a clinically useful tool in evaluating real‐world competency.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY}, author={Allaire, Jason C. and Gamaldo, Alyssa and Ayotte, Brian J. and Sims, Regina and Whitfield, Keith}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={120–125} }
 @article{gamaldo_allaire_whitfield_2008, title={The Relationship Between Reported Problems Falling Asleep and Cognition Among African American Elderly}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1552-7573"]}, DOI={10.1177/0164027508322576}, abstractNote={ This study examined the relationship between elders' cognitive performance and self-reported trouble falling asleep. Analyses were conducted on 174 older independently living, community dwelling African Americans ( M age = 72.74; range = 65 to 90). Cognitive performance was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Forward Digit Span task, Backward Digit Span task, Alpha Span task, and California Verbal Learning Test. Results suggested that individuals who reported trouble falling asleep tended to perform significantly worse than individuals who did not report trouble falling asleep on measures tapping short-term memory and working memory after controlling for age, education, gender, depression, and current health. These results demonstrate that a self-report of sleep difficulty may be a unique predictor of cognitive performance. }, number={6}, journal={RESEARCH ON AGING}, author={Gamaldo, Alyssa A. and Allaire, Jason C. and Whitfield, Keith E.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={752–767} }