@article{phipps_harmon_poore_henderson_bryant_ashburn_shaeffer_rogers_2020, title={Utilizing craft brewing side streams of trub, hops, and yeast mix (THYM) as a novel feed additive and an alternative to monensin in beef cattle diets.}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.115}, abstractNote={Abstract retracted at the request of the authors.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Phipps, Kendra P. and Harmon, Deidre D. and Poore, Matt H. and Henderson, Ethan and Bryant, Robert and Ashburn, Brock and Shaeffer, April and Rogers, Johnny R.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={50–50} }
 @article{phipps_harmon_poore_henderson_bryant_ashburn_shaeffer_rogers_2020, title={Utilizing craft brewing side streams of trub, hops, and yeast mix (THYM) as a novel feed additive and an alternative to monensin in beef cattle diets.}, volume={98}, ISBN={1525-3163}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz397.021}, abstractNote={Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate craft brewing side streams of trub, hops and yeast mix (THYM) as a potential feedstuff and replacement for monensin in growing beef cattle rations. British-cross steers (n = 45, initial BW = 732 ± 58kg) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 15 pens (3 head/pen). Treatment diets were randomly assigned to pen and consisted of a corn silage based total mixed ration (TMR) with no supplementation (CON; 70.99% TDN, 12.25% CP), supplementation with monensin (MON; 22g/907kg ration, dry matter basis) or supplementation with the brewery side streams (THYM; 70.95% TDN, 12.49% CP, 2.65% THYM, dry matter basis). Steers were adjusted to a TMR for 14 d prior to a 63 d collection period. Body weight and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) were measured on d 0 and every 21 d thereafter. Rumen fluid was collected via esophageal/rumen tube at d 42 and 63 for short chain fatty acid analysis (SCFA). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) with treatment as the main effect and using repeated measures. Average daily gain and dry matter intake did not differ among treatments (P = 0.96, respectively), but a tendency was noted for THYM to have greater average gain:feed than the CON treatment. SUN concentrations were least on d 0 (P < 0.01) but did not differ among treatments at any time (P =0.11). On d 42, THYM had a greater (P = 0.05) A:P than MON. Concentrations of propionic and valeric acid were greater (P < 0.05) for CON than THYM on d 63, while SCFA concentrations tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for CON than THYM. THYM also tended to have a greater A:P on d 63 than CON. Interpretation of the data indicates that inclusion of THYM in growing cattle rations has no negative impact on animal performance.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Phipps, Kendra P. and Harmon, Deidre D. and Poore, Matt H. and Henderson, Ethan and Bryant, Robert and Ashburn, Brock and Shaeffer, April and Rogers, Johnny R.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={9–10} }
 @article{freeman_poore_shaeffer_2019, title={Enhancing the adoption of stockpiling tall fescue and managed grazing}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2573-2102"]}, DOI={10.1093/tas/txz086}, abstractNote={One of the primary goals of extension is to encourage and support adoption of improved technologies. Managed grazing and stockpiling forage are two such technologies. The goal of this project was to encourage adoption of these practices by providing on-farm demonstrations of the technologies. We also collected forage and soil data and held workshops at each of the demonstration sites. Host producers were selected, given a basic kit of temporary fencing supplies for use during the demonstration, and instructed on their proper use during the winter stockpiling season. Forage yield and quality data were collected and soil tests made to show the economic advantages of proper fertilization and grazing fresh forage in contrast to feeding stored forage and concentrate. The nutritive value of the forage stockpiled in September through November (67% total digestible nutrients [TDN] and 14% crude protein, CP) exceeded the needs of the cattle and was greater than the nutrient content of hay present on the farms (59% TDN and 11% CP, P < 0.01). The mean quantity of available forage (2,856 ± 164 kg dry matter per hectare) provided an average of 260 (±81.8) standard cow (545 kg) grazing days per hectare of stockpiled forage. Taking into account the higher nutritive value of the fresh forage when compared with hay and the savings of time and equipment costs by grazing, we estimated that grazing stockpiled forage saved $1.28 per standard cow per day. The grazing management skills gained during this project and the temporary fencing technology were adopted by 93% of the demonstration farms that responded to our follow-up survey (78% of demonstration sites), and the area managed with these technologies increased on these sites more than 350%. Having the hosts share personal experiences played an important role in encouraging their peers to adopt the technologies.}, number={4}, journal={TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Freeman, Sharon and Poore, Matthew and Shaeffer, April}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={1099–1105} }
 @article{poore_stratton_roberts_smith_andrae_pent_shaeffer_2019, title={The Alliance for Grassland Renewal presents workshops to enhance the understanding and adoption of Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz053.018}, abstractNote={Abstract The Alliance for Grassland Renewal (the Alliance) is a collaborative multi-state effort to enhance the understanding of fescue toxicosis and the adoption of Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue (NETF). The Alliance includes academic institutions, companies marketing NETF, allied companies, governmental agencies, and non-profits. The Alliance initially focused on the state of Missouri. After 2014, it expanded efforts with one-day workshops in MO, KY, OK, KS and UKY joined the board in 2017. In 2018, Clemson and NCSU joined the board, and workshops were expanded to the east coast, with five workshops in MO, KY, SC, NC and VA. In 2019, workshops will repeated in those states in addition GA. Key presentations included managing fescue toxicosis, establishment and first year management, second year management, and economics of conversion. Additionally the agenda included microscope viewing of the endophyte, quality control and endophyte testing, industry update, drill calibration, producer panel, and a tour of NETF plots. There were 214 paid attendees in 2018 (locations ranged 26 to 59; 75% farmers), and 146 evaluations were submitted. Attendees owned 9592 beef or dairy cows, 1997 stocker cattle, 121 horses, 545 sheep and goats, and 151 alpacas. Thirty percent of the audience had planted NETF in the past, while 55% intended to plant NETF in the future. Reasons given for not planting included: unclear cost/benefit (9%), limited financial resources (4%), lack of knowledge (5%), rented or unsuitable land (15%) and forage reserves lacking (5%). Registration fee was $60, and 45% of the audience said they would have paid $95, suggesting the registration fee was appropriate. The Alliance is a growing and successful partnership between academic institutions and industry. This approach is a model that could be applied to adoption of other new technologies.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, Matthew H. and Stratton, Tony and Roberts, Craig A. and Smith, S. Ray. and Andrae, John G. and Pent, Gabe J. and Shaeffer, April D.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={8–9} }
 @article{holland_kriese-anderson_mullenix_flanders_dillard_elmore_thompson_shaeffer_2018, title={2017 Southeast Women's Cattle Handling Program: Alabama Results.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.015}, abstractNote={The Southeast Women’s Cattle Handling program was designed to promote self-confidence for women by providing hands-on educational opportunities and cattle handling skills implementing Beef Quality Assurance methods and promoting farm safety. The two-day, hands-on workshop was conducted by Alabama Cooperative Extension educators, local veterinarians, and producers. Participation was limited to 20 females in order to allow time for participants to practice the techniques taught by instructors. Applicants were asked to indicate the reason they would like to attend the workshop via an electronic questionnaire. Of the 26 applicants, 20 responded and indicated that they had either found themselves involved in the family farm through marriage (15%) or as the sole operator through inheritance (20%), the death of a spouse (20%), or chose to purchase their own operation (45%). Topics included 1) keeping reproductive/vaccination records, 2) vaccination techniques, 3) truck & trailer safety/hauling, 4) BQA certification training, 5) tractor & equipment safety, 6) forage species, 7) forage analysis & interpretation, 8) forage pests & management, 9) reproduction & dystocia, and 10) supplementing the cow herd. A pre and post-test was administered to participants (n =19) in order to compare participants’ knowledge before and after the workshop. Comparison of answers using paired t-test showed an increase (P < 0.01) from pre-test (63.5%) to post-test (88.5%) knowledge. A BQA certification pre and post-test was administered to participants (n = 19), which showed an increase (P < 0.01) in passing scores from pre-test (83.2%) to post-test (93.7%). Participants completed an impact evaluation at the conclusion of the workshop where they indicated the probability of implementing the following concepts learned (mean values ± standard deviation) as a result of this program (1 = no; 2 = maybe; 3 = yes; 4 = already doing): keep vaccination/reproductive records (3.6 ± 0.51), use proper vaccination techniques (3.6 ± 0.51), assess truck and trailer before hauling (3.2 ± 0.94), apply low stress handling techniques (3.4 ± 0.51), maintain BQA certification (2.8 ± 0.55), manage forage for quality & pests (3.2 ± 0.43), assess your cow herd using 7 quality checks (3.1 ± 0.24), and forage test (2.9 ± 0.58). The total number of hectares of pasture owned and total number of cattle owned was 1014.5 ha and 1128 hd, respectively. In total, 100% of the participants stated the workshop met their expectations and would recommend this workshop to others.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Holland, C. M. and Kriese-Anderson, L. A. and Mullenix, M. K. and Flanders, K. and Dillard, S. L. and Elmore, M. and Thompson, G. L. and Shaeffer, A. D.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={7–8} }
 @article{poore_shaeffer_rogers_freeman_2018, title={Hands-on Workshops Spark Producer Interest in Improving Mineral Programs for Beef Cattle.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.007}, abstractNote={Mineral supplements are a key input for grazing beef cattle, and the wide variety of products and management approaches is confusing to producers. To address basic mineral requirements and mineral program management, four Amazing Grazing workshops were conducted across North Carolina with funding support from the NC Cattle Industry Assessment Program. Workshops were conducted in collaboration with county livestock extension agents who managed the meeting facilities and logistics, and provided tires and barrels for mineral feeder construction. A state specialist provided the educational materials and also the hardware and tools needed for mineral feeder construction. The presentations were informal and included 1) the basics of mineral requirements and typical forage mineral composition, 2) how to read and interpret a mineral tag, 3) how to determine a need for added mineral technologies such as “organic or chelated” trace minerals, ionophores, weather proofing, etc, and 4) management strategies including how to choose a good mineral feeder. As a hands-on activity producers worked together to build simple tire and barrel mineral feeders which they took home with them from the workshop. Enough supplies were on hand such that each participating farm could take a mineral feeder home if they wished. At the end of the workshop participants filled out a survey to represent each farm participating. Total workshop attendance was 86 (mean and standard deviation; 22 ± 7) and 57 (14 ± 6) surveys were collected. Workshop participants managed 2690 cows, 971 yearlings, and 4532 acres of pasture. All participants were satisfied or very satisfied with the workshop overall, and said they would recommend the workshop to other producers. A total of 49 mineral feeders were built (12 ± 3), and participants indicated they intended to go home and build an additional 81 feeders. Ninety % of the participants indicated they intended to use the information presented to improve their mineral program. Economic impact was determined by assuming that improving a mineral program would improve net income per animal by $10, and mineral feeders were valued at $150. Total economic impact was $52,499. Of all comments about what participants liked most about the workshop, “the hands-on activity” was most common. This program has been adapted for local use by a number of extension agents, and an accompanying YouTube video and set of plans for constructing these mineral feeders have been valuable outreach tools.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Poore, M. H. and Shaeffer, A. D. and Rogers, J. R. and Freeman, S. R.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={4–4} }
 @article{rogers_poore_shaeffer_freeman_2018, title={On-farm workshops improve producers understanding of winter forage management strategies.}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/sky027.019}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Rogers, J. R. and Poore, M. and Shaeffer, A. D. and Freeman, S. R.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={10–10} }
 @article{lyons_shaeffer_drewnoski_poore_poole_2016, title={Effect of protein supplementation and forage allowance on the growth and reproduction of beef heifers grazing stockpiled tall fescue}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2015-9969}, abstractNote={Stockpiled tall fescue can provide adequate winter forage for beef cattle, although unsupplemented replacement heifers may display marginal performance before breeding. The objective of this study was to determine if protein supplementation and/or additional forage improves growth and reproductive performance of replacement heifers grazing stockpiled fescue. Cattle averaging 272 ± 1.59 kg were stratified by BW and then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 plots within a pasture replication. Treatment combinations were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and included 1) a conservative forage allocation ("normal," targeting 85% forage use) and mineral supplement (normal forage allocation with mineral supplement [FM]), 2) normal forage allocation with protein tub (FT), 3) more liberal forage allocation ("extra," targeting 70% forage use) and mineral supplement (extra forage allocation with mineral supplement [EM]), and 4) "extra forage allocation with protein tub (ET). Treatments were administered for 8 wk from early November to early January. Heifers were fed fescue hay for 1 wk before breeding in late January. Heifers were synchronized with the 7-d CO-Synch + controlled internal drug release device protocol and inseminated in late January. Heifers were checked for pregnancy by ultrasonography at 35 and 90 d after AI. Main and interaction effects between the 2 treatments were determined. Total supplement intake was greater for protein tub than mineral supplement (0.36 vs. 0.11 kg·heifer·d, respectively; < 0.0001), and the additional dietary protein in the tub groups resulted in greater serum urea N concentrations ( < 0.0001; 8.15 vs. 10.4 mg/dL for mineral and protein tub, respectively). Forage utilization efficiency was greater for normal than extra forage allocation (74.7 vs. 65.8%, respectively; < 0.0001). Main effects of both treatments on ADG were significant ( < 0.0001; 0.28, 0.43, 0.43, and 0.51 kg·heifer·d for FM, FT, EM, and ET, respectively). There was an interaction effect of the 2 treatments on change in BCS ( < 0.05; 0.12, 0.10, 0.18, and 0.31 for FM, FT, EM, and ET, respectively). Reproductive tract scores, pelvic area, and AI pregnancy rates were not different between treatments ( > 0.05). Overall, feeding a protein supplement or providing extra forage increased gain and interacted to increase BCS but did not have an effect on reproductive performance. Supplementing with protein and providing extra forage are strategies that can increase gain in heifers, which could aid heifers in reaching puberty before estrous synchronization.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Lyons, S. E. and Shaeffer, A. D. and Drewnoski, M. E. and Poore, M. H. and Poole, D. H.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={1677–1688} }