@article{in-na_umar_wallace_flickinger_caldwell_lee_2020, title={Loofah-based microalgae and cyanobacteria biocomposites for intensifying carbon dioxide capture}, volume={42}, ISSN={["2212-9839"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101348}, abstractNote={Microalgae and cyanobacteria have been evaluated for biological CO2 capture from flue gases for over 40 years; however, commercial open ponds and photobioreactors suffer many drawbacks including a slow rate of CO2 capture and high water usage. We evaluate an intensified 3D cell immobilisation approach with a small water demand, by coating latex binders onto defined surface area (947 m2 m−3) and void space (81.78 ± 4.41 %) loofah sponge scaffolds, forming porous 3D biocomposites with three microalgae species; freshwater Chlorella vulgaris, marine Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis oculata, and two strains of freshwater Synechococcus elongatus cyanobacteria. Binder toxicity and adhesion screening protocols were established ahead of eight weeks semi-batch and six weeks continuous CO2 fixation trials. Acrylic and polyurethane binders were effective for microalgae, and bio-based (Replebin®) binders were suited for cyanobacteria. The highest average net CO2 fixation rates from each species were 0.17 ± 0.01, 0.25 ± 0.01, 0.12 ± 0.01, 0.68 ± 0.18 and 0.93 ± 0.30 g CO2 g-1biomass d-1 for C. vulgaris, D. salina, N. oculata, S. elongatus PCC 7942 and S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A respectively. This equates to predicted CO2 capture from scaled systems of up to 340.11 ± 110 tCO2 t-1biomass yr-1. Analysis of the kinetics of CO2 absorbtion and SEM imaging suggests that the cells were embedded within a polymer film that covered the scaffold. Biocomposites continuously fed with 5% CO2 had high lipid contents approaching 70 % dry weight. This biocomposite approach shows promise to intensify biological CO2 capture and possible application in bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS).}, journal={JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION}, author={In-na, Pichaya and Umar, Abbas A. and Wallace, Adam D. and Flickinger, Michael C. and Caldwell, Gary S. and Lee, Jonathan G. M.}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{ekins-coward_boodhoo_velasquez-orta_caldwell_wallace_barton_flickinger_2019, title={A Microalgae Biocomposite-Integrated Spinning Disk Bioreactor (SDBR): Toward a Scalable Engineering Approach for Bioprocess Intensification in Light-Driven CO2 Absorption Applications}, volume={58}, ISSN={["0888-5885"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05487}, abstractNote={A scalable, solar-energy-driven microbial spinning disk gas absorber–converter technology has been developed by a novel combination of advanced photoreactive biocomposite materials with a continuous thin film flow spinning disc bioreactor (SDBR). Chlorella vulgaris microalgae were incorporated into a porous paper biocomposite for the first time with the addition of chitosan for cell integration within the paper matrix. A 10-cm-diameter SDBR with an immobilized C. vulgaris biocomposite paper enabled high photoactivity and CO2 biofixation at a spin speed of 300 rpm over 15 h of operation in the presence of bicarbonate in the liquid medium and 5% CO2 in the gas environment. Practically all C. vulgaris cells in the biocomposite successfully remained attached to the disk under conditions equivalent to 5g at the disc edge. Overall, the increased CO2 biofixation with a greatly reduced biocomposite surface area and the high cell retention in this proof-of-concept technology highlight the bioprocess intensificatio...}, number={15}, journal={INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH}, author={Ekins-Coward, Thea and Boodhoo, Kamelia V. K. and Velasquez-Orta, Sharon and Caldwell, Gary and Wallace, Adam and Barton, Ryan and Flickinger, Michael C.}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={5936–5949} }
 @article{flickinger_bernal_schulte_broglie_duran_wallace_mooney_velev_2017, title={Biocoatings: challenges to expanding the functionality of waterborne latex coatings by incorporating concentrated living microorganisms}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1935-3804"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11998-017-9933-6}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH}, author={Flickinger, Michael C. and Bernal, Oscar I. and Schulte, Mark J. and Broglie, Jessica Jenkins and Duran, Christopher J. and Wallace, Adam and Mooney, Charles B. and Velev, Orlin D.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={791–808} }