@article{elliot_enomoto_petritz_crespo_yeatts_fricke_singleton_thomson_baynes_2024, title={Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and trans-dermally administered fluralaner in healthy laying shaver hens: fluralaner in chickens}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2023.103362}, abstractNote={Ectoparasite infestations negatively affect both backyard and commercial chicken flocks in the US. Fluralaner is an isoxazoline shown to be efficacious in treating mite and bed bug infestations in poultry. Fluralaner is approved to treat fleas and ticks in dogs and cats in the US and to treat mite infestations of chickens in Europe and Australia; however, the use of fluralaner in poultry is not yet approved in the US. This study aimed to investigate the plasma fluralaner pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous and transdermal routes and apparent bioavailability of fluralaner administered trans-dermally in healthy shaver hens. A total of 12 individually housed healthy shaver hens received a single dose of either intravenous technical grade fluralaner at 0.5 mg/kg, or transdermal fluralaner (Bravecto® (fluralaner transdermal solution) for dogs, 280 mg/mL, Merck Animal Health) at mean 58.7 mg/kg. Plasma from each hen was collected from the jugular, ulnar or medial metatarsal vein at multiple intervals. Fluralaner concentrations in plasma were determined using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/MS). Non-compartmental analysis revealed that the geometric mean elimination half-life for intravenous and transdermal routes were 80.5 and 179.6 hours, respectively. The geometric mean apparent bioavailability of transdermal routes was estimated as 3.4 %. Prolonged fluralaner concentration in plasma above minimum inhibitory concentration of bed bugs following the single dose was observed in healthy shaver hens for both routes. It is important to understand the pharmacokinetic profile could be useful in determining the appropriate treatment strategy.}, number={3}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Elliot, Baxter A. and Enomoto, Hiroko and Petritz, Olivia and Crespo, Rocio and Yeatts, James and Fricke, Isabel and Singleton, Abby and Thomson, Andrea and Baynes, Ronald E.}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{enomoto_castro_hash_thomson_nakanishi-hester_perry_aker_haupt_opperman_roe_et al._2024, title={Prevalence of radiographic appendicular osteoarthritis and associated clinical signs in young dogs}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-024-52324-9}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Enomoto, Masataka and Castro, Nicholas and Hash, Jonathan and Thomson, Andrea and Nakanishi-Hester, Aoi and Perry, Erin and Aker, Savannah and Haupt, Emily and Opperman, Logan and Roe, Simon and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{enomoto_elliot_petritz_crespo_yeatts_sheela_fricke_singleton_thomson_baynes_2024, title={Residue, distribution and depletion of fluralaner in egg following a single intravenous and transdermal administration in healthy shaver hens: fluralaner residue in egg}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.103843}, DOI={10.1016/j.psj.2024.103843}, abstractNote={The demand for the use of fluralaner in an extra label manner is increasing due to lack of efficacious treatment to combat mites and bed bugs in the poultry industry in the United States. Fluralaner residue data in eggs is lacking and residues might cause risks to human health. The present study aimed to determine the depletion profiles of fluralaner in eggs and estimate the drug withdrawal interval in whole eggs by adopting the US Food and Drug administration tolerance limit method with single intravenous (0.5 mg/kg) or transdermal administration (average 58.7 mg/kg) in healthy shaver hens. Hens were treated intravenously or trans-dermally with fluralaner. The eggs were collected daily for 28 days for intravenous treated and for 40 days from the transdermal route group. Fluralaner concentrations in yolk and albumen were determined by mass spectrometry. The greater percentage of fluralaner was observed in yolk when compared to the albumen for both administration routes. Non-compartmental analysis was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters in yolk, albumen and whole egg. The longest apparent half-life confirmed in yolk was 3.7 days for intravenous and 14.3 days for the transdermal route. The withdrawal intervals in whole egg for fluralaner following the intravenous and transdermal administration were 7 days and 81 days, respectively, with maximum residue limits (1.3 µg/g) at 13 days and 171 days, respectively, based on the limit of quantification (0.4 µg/g) from the analytical assay reported by EMA and APVMA.}, number={7}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Enomoto, Hiroko and Elliot, Baxter A. and Petritz, Olivia A. and Crespo, Rocio and Yeatts, James and Sheela, Farha Ferdous and Fricke, Isabel and Singleton, Abby and Thomson, Andrea and Baynes, Ronald E.}, year={2024}, month={Jul} }
 @article{mondino_khan_case_giovagnoli_thomson_lascelles_gruen_olby_2023, title={Activity patterns are associated with fractional lifespan, memory, and gait speed in aged dogs}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, url={https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9929073}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-023-29181-z}, abstractNote={Abstract}, note={PMID: 36788306; PMCID: PMC9929073.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Mondino, Alejandra and Khan, Michael and Case, Beth and Giovagnoli, Sara and Thomson, Andrea and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Gruen, Margaret and Olby, Natasha}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{petritz_enomoto_meyer_thomson_baynes_flammer_2023, title={Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim After Oral Administration of Single and Multiple Doses to Rhode Island Red Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>)}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/22-00020}, abstractNote={Abstract: Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP), a commonly prescribed antibiotic for backyard hens, is neither Food and Drug Administration approved nor prohibited in laying hens in the United States. The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations above targeted minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint values for Enterobacteriaceae could be achieved with oral dosing. Five Rhode Island red hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were administered a single dose of 96 mg/kg SMZ-TMP (80 mg/kg SMZ and 16 mg/kg TMP) IV followed by the same dose orally after a washout period. Following oral dosing, mean SMZ concentrations exceeded the target breakpoint for approximately 12 hours; however, TMP only briefly exceeded the target breakpoint. Bioavailability was 60.5% for SMZ and 82.0% for TMP. Ten naïve birds were allocated into control (n = 4) and treatment (n = 6) groups for a 7-day multi-dose study. Treatment birds received an oral suspension dosed at 16 mg/kg TMP and 80 mg/kg SMZ every 48 hours (on days 1, 3, 5, and 7); TMP tablets were additionally dosed at 25 mg/bird on days 1, 3, 5, and 7, and 50 mg/bird on days 2, 4, and 6. Plasma SMZ-TMP concentrations were measured on a multiple time interval by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using a noncompartmental model. No accumulation for either drug was noted following repeated dosing, and no statistical differences in biochemical values, packed cell volumes, or weight were found between pre- and posttreatment in either the treatment or control groups. Sulfamethoxazole (80 mg/kg q48h PO) and TMP (24.1–28.0 mg/kg q24h PO) maintained therapeutic plasma concentrations at or exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint of Enterobacteriaceae for 72 and 24 hours for TMP and SMZ, respectively, without evidence of adverse effects or drug accumulation. Further studies are needed to refine this dosage regimen and evaluate adverse effects in ill birds.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Petritz, Olivia A. and Enomoto, Hiroko and Meyer, Emma G. and Thomson, Andrea and Baynes, Ronald E. and Flammer, Keven}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={1–12} }
 @article{gonzalez-morales_thomson_yeatts_enomoto_haija_santangelo_petritz_crespo_schal_baynes_2023, title={Pharmacokinetics of fluralaner as a systemic drug to control infestations of the common bed bug, <i>Cimex lectularius</i>, in poultry facilities}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1756-3305"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05962-3}, DOI={10.1186/s13071-023-05962-3}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={PARASITES & VECTORS}, author={Gonzalez-Morales, Maria A. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Yeatts, James and Enomoto, Hiroko and Haija, Ahmed and Santangelo, Richard G. and Petritz, Olivia A. and Crespo, Rocio and Schal, Coby and Baynes, Ronald}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{cabot_papich_harrison_thomson_defrancesco_ozawa_2023, title={Population pharmacokinetics of single dose oral pimobendan in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo)}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1931-6283"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2023.09.002}, DOI={10.1053/j.jepm.2023.09.002}, abstractNote={Therapeutic options and dosing recommendations for congestive heart failure in the domestic ferret are currently extrapolated from domestic dogs and cats. The goal of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of oral pimobendan in the domestic ferret. Twelve domestic ferrets were administered a single dose (average 0.4 mg/kg) of pimobendan in a commercially available, chewable, meat-flavored tablet formulation. High-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection were used to measure pimobendan and the metabolite O-desmethylpimobendan (ODMP) in plasma samples collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 hours after administration using a sparse sampling protocol. Pharmacokinetic parameters for pimobendan and ODMP were as follows: peak plasma concentration, 14.29 ng/mL and 16.88 ng/mL; time to peak plasma concentration, 1.69 hours and 1.97 hours; area under the curve, 129.87 ng*h/mL and 190.97 ng*h/mL; and elimination half-life, 4.97 hours and 6.32 hours, respectively. No adverse events were noted. A single dose of oral pimobendan in ferrets reached concentrations higher than that reported for dogs by the manufacturer and similar to peak plasma concentrations correlated with a therapeutic effect in healthy dogs in a separate study. Individual variability was high and plasma concentrations in at least half of the ferrets remained at or below the lower limit of quantification throughout the duration of the study. Additional studies are needed to characterize the pharmacodynamics, oral bioavailability, and duration of action to facilitate dosing recommendations for pimobendan in the domestic ferret.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE}, author={Cabot, Megan L. and Papich, Mark G. and Harrison, Tara M. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Defrancesco, Teresa and Ozawa, Sarah M.}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={1–5} }
 @article{knutson_petritz_thomson_robertson_balko_2022, title={Effects of Intramuscular Alfaxalone and Midazolam Compared With Midazolam and Butorphanol in Rhode Island Red Hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/20-00087}, abstractNote={Abstract: Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) often undergo veterinary procedures requiring sedation; however, there is little published research evaluating the efficacy of sedation protocols in this species. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of intramuscular alfaxalone and midazolam compared with intramuscular butorphanol and midazolam in chickens. In a complete crossover study, 11 healthy adult hens were randomly administered midazolam 2.5 mg/kg IM combined with either alfaxalone 15 mg/kg IM (AM, n = 11) or butorphanol 3 mg/kg IM (BM, n = 11), with a 35-day washout period between groups. Time to first effects, recumbency, standing, and recovery were recorded. Physiologic parameters and sedation scores were recorded every 5 minutes by 2 blinded investigators. Fifteen minutes after injection, positioning for sham whole body radiographs was attempted. At 30 minutes, flumazenil 0.05 mg/kg IM was administered to all hens. Peak total sedation score was significantly higher for AM compared with BM (P < 0.001). Mean ± SD or median (range) time to initial effects, recumbency, standing, and recovery in AM and BM were 1.9 ± 0.6 and 2.6 ± 0.9 (P = 0.02), 3.5 (1.6–7.6) and 4.8 (2.2–13.0) (P = 0.10), 40.3 (28.0–77.8) and 33.2 (5.2–41.3) (P = 0.15), and 71.2 (45.7–202.3) and 39.9 (35.9–45.9) minutes (P = 0.05), respectively. Radiographic positioning was successful in 6 of 11 (54.5%) and 0 of 11 (0%) birds in the AM and BM groups at 15 minutes, respectively. Heart and respiratory rates remained within acceptable clinical limits for all birds. Intramuscular AM resulted in significantly faster onset of sedative effects, significantly longer duration of recumbency, significantly higher peak sedation, and improved success of radiographic positioning compared with intramuscular BM. Intramuscular AM produces clinically effective sedation in chickens without clinically significant cardiorespiratory effects.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Knutson, Kyra A. and Petritz, Olivia A. and Thomson, Andrea and Robertson, James and Balko, Julie A.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={287–294} }
 @article{knutson_petritz_thomson_balko_2022, title={Intramuscular Alfaxalone-Butorphanol-Midazolam Compared with Ketamine-Butorphanol- Midazolam in New Zealand White Rabbits}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1559-6109"]}, DOI={10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000038}, abstractNote={Rabbits are a common companion animal and research subject and frequently require sedation to facilitate procedures. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of intramuscular butorphanol and midazolam combined with either alfaxalone or ketamine in rabbits. In a complete
 crossover study, healthy New Zealand white rabbits (n = 9; age, 6 mo) randomly received midazolam (1 mg/kg IM) and butorphanol (1 mg/kg IM) combined with either alfaxalone (2 mg/kg IM; ABM) or ketamine (5 mg/kg IM; KBM). Time to first effects, recumbency, and standing (recovery) were
 recorded. Every 5 min during recumbency, an investigator who was blind to treatment group collected serial physiologic parameters and sedation scores. At 5 min after rabbits became recumbent, manipulations were performed to mimic 2-view radiography and a cephalic intravenous catheter was placed.
 At 30 min after drug injection, flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg IM) was administered for reversal. Food consumption and fecal output were measured for 3 d after each study day. Time to standing and duration of recumbency differed significantly between groups. The median (range) of the total sedation
 score for ABM was 10 (8 to 10) and for KBM was 10 (6 to 10). Sham radiographs were successful in all rabbits in both groups. Physiologic parameters were not significantly different between groups over time. At 24 h after drug treatment, KBM-treated rabbits showed reduced food intake and both
 groups showed reduced fecal output. Total sedation scores decreased significantly over time in KBM rabbits ( P < 0.001) but not in ABM rabbits (P = 1). The duration of recumbency was significantly longer in ABM rabbits than in KBM rabbits. Both protocols produced sufficient
 sedation for radiograph acquisition without clinically significant adverse effects.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Knutson, Kyra A. and Petritz, Olivia A. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Balko, Julie A.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={475–481} }
 @article{mones_petritz_knych_sadar_thomson_guzman_2022, title={Pharmacokinetics of maropitant citrate in Rhode Island Red chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) following subcutaneous administration}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1365-2885"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13082}, DOI={10.1111/jvp.13082}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS}, author={Mones, Alissa B. and Petritz, Olivia A. and Knych, Heather K. and Sadar, Miranda J. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{ozawa_thomson_petritz_2022, title={Safety and efficacy of oral mirtazapine in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1931-6283"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2021.10.003}, DOI={10.1053/j.jepm.2021.10.003}, abstractNote={One of the most common presenting complaints in rabbits is decreased food intake and/or fecal output. This can occur as a clinical consequence of pain, anesthesia and systemic or gastrointestinal disease. In conjunction with diagnosing and treating the underlying condition, veterinary care should aim to normalize food intake and fecal output. Mirtazapine is a tetracyclic antidepressant that has appetite stimulating effects in other species. However, studies in rabbits are currently lacking. Nine six-month old, intact (4 male, 5 female) New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were used in a randomized, blinded, controlled, complete cross-over experiment. Each rabbit received a low-dose of mirtazapine (1 mg/kg), high-dose (3 mg/kg) and control treatment orally once a day for a total of 2 sequential days with a 5- day washout period between treatment groups. Fecal output, food intake and body weight were measured before, during and after treatment. Fecal output was 25% higher (95% CI: 6.3%–46.9%, P= 0.01) on treatment days following high-dose mirtazapine treatment. Body weight was 1.5% higher (95% CI: 0. 5% to 2.6%, P= 0.006) for all groups on the 2 days following treatment compared to baseline. Body weight was reduced by 2.1% (95% CI: -3.6% to -0.6%, P= 0.011) the week following high-dose mirtazapine treatment. Mirtazapine did not have a statistically significant effect on food intake. Oral administration of mirtazapine at 3 mg/kg once a day resulted in increased fecal output but not a concurrent increase in food intake. Overall, mirtazapine is well tolerated and may be a useful treatment to increase fecal output in rabbits. However, due to a mild reduction in weight following treatment, clinical monitoring is warranted.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ozawa, Sarah and Thomson, Andrea and Petritz, Olivia}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={16–20} }
 @article{gonzalez-morales_thomson_petritz_crespo_haija_santangelo_schal_2022, title={Systemic veterinary drugs for control of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in poultry farms}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1756-3305"]}, DOI={10.1186/s13071-022-05555-6}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={PARASITES & VECTORS}, author={Gonzalez-Morales, Maria A. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Petritz, Olivia A. and Crespo, Rocio and Haija, Ahmed and Santangelo, Richard G. and Schal, Coby}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{enomoto_petritz_thomson_flammer_ferdous_meyer_tell_baynes_2021, title={Egg residue and depletion in Rhode Island Red hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) following multiple oral doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole}, volume={123}, ISSN={["1096-0295"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104941}, DOI={10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104941}, abstractNote={Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim residues in eggs can cause risks to human health. The most common cause of residues in eggs results from failure to meet an appropriate withdrawal interval. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity and duration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim residues in eggs and evaluate the drug elimination parameters in egg components and whole egg to better estimate the withdrawal interval of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim following oral administration for 7 days at a purposed dosage regimen (time average 46 mg kg-1 day-1 for sulfamethoxazole, time average 25 mg kg-1 day-1 for trimethoprim). Residues of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in albumen and yolk were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. A greater percentage of sulfamethoxazole was distributed into the albumen (91.53-96.74%) and a greater percentage of trimethoprim was distributed into yolk (63.92-77.36%) during treatment. The residues levels in whole egg declined below or reached the limit of quantification until 13 days for SMZ and TMP respectively. The withdrawal interval for SMZ and TMP were 43 days and 17 days respectively using the FDA tolerance method.}, journal={REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Enomoto, Hiroko and Petritz, Olivia A. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Flammer, Keven and Ferdous, Farha and Meyer, Emma and Tell, Lisa A. and Baynes, Ronald E.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{cunningham_gruen_thomson_lascelles_2021, title={Evaluation of a nutritional supplement for the alleviation of pain associated with feline degenerative joint disease: a prospective, randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X211053484}, DOI={10.1177/1098612X211053484}, abstractNote={Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pain-alleviating and activity-enhancing effects of glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (Dasuquin) in cats that had degenerative joint disease (DJD) and owner-noted mobility/activity impairment. We hypothesized that the nutritional supplement would produce pain-relieving and activity-enhancing effects in cats with painful DJD. }, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Cunningham, Rachael and Gruen, Margaret E. and Thomson, Andrea and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{fogle_hudson_thomson_sherman_gruen_lacelles_colby_clary_longo_meeker_2021, title={Improved neurocognitive performance in FIV infected cats following treatment with the p75 neurotrophin receptor ligand LM11A-31}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1538-2443"]}, DOI={10.1007/s13365-021-00956-2}, abstractNote={HIV rapidly infects the central nervous system (CNS) and establishes a persistent viral reservoir within microglia, perivascular macrophages and astrocytes. Inefficient control of CNS viral replication by antiretroviral therapy results in chronic inflammation and progressive cognitive decline in up to 50% of infected individuals with no effective treatment options. Neurotrophin based therapies have excellent potential to stabilize and repair the nervous system. A novel non-peptide ligand, LM11A-31, that targets the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been identified as a small bioavailable molecule capable of strong neuroprotection with minimal side effects. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of LM11A-31 in a natural infection model, we treated cats chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) with 13 mg/kg LM11A-31 twice daily over a period of 10 weeks and assessed effects on cognitive functions, open field behaviors, activity, sensory thresholds, plasma FIV, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) FIV, peripheral blood mononuclear cell provirus, CD4 and CD8 cell counts and general physiology. Between 12 and 18 months post-inoculation, cats began to show signs of neural dysfunction in T maze testing and novel object recognition, which were prevented by LM11A-31 treatment. Anxiety-like behavior was reduced in the open field and no changes were seen in sensory thresholds. Systemic FIV titers were unaffected but treated cats exhibited a log drop in CSF FIV titers. No significant adverse effects were observed under all conditions. The data indicate that LM11A-31 is likely to be a potent adjunctive treatment for the control of neurodegeneration in HIV infected individuals.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY}, author={Fogle, Jonathan E. and Hudson, Lola and Thomson, Andrea and Sherman, Barbara and Gruen, Margaret and Lacelles, B. Duncan and Colby, Brenda M. and Clary, Gillian and Longo, Frank and Meeker, Rick B.}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={302–324} }
 @article{klinck_gruen_del castillo_guillot_thomson_heit_lascelles_troncy_2018, title={Development and preliminary validity and reliability of the montreal instrument for cat arthritis testing, for use by caretaker/owner, MI-CAT(C), via a randomised clinical trial}, volume={200}, ISSN={0168-1591}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.11.013}, DOI={10.1016/j.applanim.2017.11.013}, abstractNote={Challenges in the clinical assessment of feline osteoarthritis (OA)-related pain and disability impede diagnosis and treatment of the disease. A pain scale was developed for use by cat owners and caretakers, the Montreal Instrument for Cat Arthritis Testing – Caretaker/Owner (MI-CAT(C)). Following content validation and a pilot assessment (n = 11 cats with and without OA) of MI-CAT(C)-v1 reliability and validity, a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted; meloxicam efficacy in 54 OA-affected cats was evaluated using the MI-CAT(C)-v2 and locomotor activity monitoring (AM). The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.81 for total scale intra-rater reliability, and 0.64 for inter-rater reliability; secondary owners tended to have more trouble completing the scale than did primary owners. Internal consistency assessed by Cronbach’s alpha was >0.70 for the total scale, but <0.70 for subscales and subcategories. Compared to reference level, MI-CAT(C)-v2 score decreased by 17.56% with meloxicam (P < 0.05) and increased with age (P < 0.01). Night-time AM (NAM) was lower than daytime AM (P < 0.0001). Actimetry increased by 23.83% with meloxicam treatment (P < 0.0001). MI-CAT(C)-v2 scores correlated negatively with log NAM (RhoP = −0.36, P = 0.0074) and positively with age (RhoP = 0.43, P = 0.0011). These preliminary findings support the reliability and validity of the MI-CAT(C)-v2 when completed by the primary owners of OA cats. However, questions remain regarding item comprehension and internal scale structure/internal consistency. Further refinement and testing should include a comprehension analysis and exploratory factor analysis in a larger sample of cats, as well as evaluation of sensitivity/specificity to OA status in a sample of cats with and without OA, testing of responsiveness to other OA therapies and ability to distinguish treatment from placebo, and finally, development of guidelines for clinical use, such as determination of the minimum clinically important difference in scale score and thresholds for determining OA vs. non-OA status.}, journal={Applied Animal Behaviour Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Klinck, Mary P. and Gruen, Margaret E. and del Castillo, Jérôme R.E. and Guillot, Martin and Thomson, Andrea E. and Heit, Mark and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Troncy, Eric}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={96–105} }
 @article{kennedy_thomson_griffith_fogle_lascelles_meeker_sherman_gruen_2018, title={Enrichment Preferences of FIV-Infected and Uninfected Laboratory-Housed Cats}, volume={10}, ISSN={1999-4915}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10070353}, DOI={10.3390/v10070353}, abstractNote={Environmental enrichment is critical for alleviating stress in laboratory felines. However, there is a paucity of information about suitable enrichment for cats. This study aimed to determine preferred enrichment options of individually-housed, castrated male domestic short hair cats (Felis catus) used in a longitudinal study of the effects of chronic feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection, and to determine if the FIV status of the cats affected enrichment preferences. Preference testing was performed with two types of grooming brushes, three different interactive play options, including a laser, ball, and petting interaction with a familiar investigator, and two types of toenail conditioning objects. We found that cats elected to be brushed, preferred social interaction and play with the laser to the ball, and preferred to scratch on an inclined-box toenail conditioning object compared to a horizontal, circular toenail conditioning object. There were individual preferences for enrichment opportunities. There were no differences in preferences between FIV-infected and sham-infected cats. These enrichment preferences may be used to advise laboratory animal facilities and researchers about how to best accommodate the behavioral needs of laboratory cats.}, number={7}, journal={Viruses}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Kennedy, Claudia and Thomson, Andrea and Griffith, Emily and Fogle, Jonathan and Lascelles, B. and Meeker, Rick and Sherman, Barbara and Gruen, Margaret}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={353} }
 @article{zhang_roell_truong_tanguay_reif_2017, title={A data-driven weighting scheme for multivariate phenotypic endpoints recapitulates zebrafish developmental cascades}, volume={314}, ISSN={["1096-0333"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.010}, abstractNote={Zebrafish have become a key alternative model for studying health effects of environmental stressors, partly due to their genetic similarity to humans, fast generation time, and the efficiency of generating high-dimensional systematic data. Studies aiming to characterize adverse health effects in zebrafish typically include several phenotypic measurements (endpoints). While there is a solid biomedical basis for capturing a comprehensive set of endpoints, making summary judgments regarding health effects requires thoughtful integration across endpoints. Here, we introduce a Bayesian method to quantify the informativeness of 17 distinct zebrafish endpoints as a data-driven weighting scheme for a multi-endpoint summary measure, called weighted Aggregate Entropy (wAggE). We implement wAggE using high-throughput screening (HTS) data from zebrafish exposed to five concentrations of all 1060 ToxCast chemicals. Our results show that our empirical weighting scheme provides better performance in terms of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for identifying significant morphological effects and improves robustness over traditional curve-fitting approaches. From a biological perspective, our results suggest that developmental cascade effects triggered by chemical exposure can be recapitulated by analyzing the relationships among endpoints. Thus, wAggE offers a powerful approach for analysis of multivariate phenotypes that can reveal underlying etiological processes.}, journal={TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhang, Guozhu and Roell, Kyle R. and Truong, Lisa and Tanguay, Robert L. and Reif, David M.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={109–117} }
 @article{knazovicky_helgeson_case_thomson_gruen_maixner_lascelles_2017, title={Replicate effects and test-retest reliability of quantitative sensory threshold testing in dogs with and without chronic pain}, volume={44}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660882}, DOI={10.1055/s-0038-1660882}, abstractNote={Introduction: Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) is a promising method for assessing the mechanisms that contribute to chronic OA-associated pain. However, the effect of replicate (repetition) has not been evaluated, nor has repeatability. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate replicate effects and test–retest reliability of mechanical and thermal QST in normal dogs and dogs with OA-associated pain.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Knazovicky, D. and Helgeson, E. S. and Case, B. and Thomson, A. and Gruen, Margaret and Maixner, W. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2017}, pages={615–624} }
 @article{gruen_thomson_griffith_paradise_gearing_lascelles_2016, title={A Feline-Specific Anti-Nerve Growth Factor Antibody Improves Mobility in Cats with Degenerative Joint Disease-Associated Pain: A Pilot Proof of Concept Study}, volume={30}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13972}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.13972}, abstractNote={BackgroundNeutralizing antibodies against nerve growth factor (NGF) are analgesic in rodent models, naturally occurring degenerative joint disease (DJD) pain in dogs, and chronic pain in humans.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gruen, M.E. and Thomson, A.E. and Griffith, E.H. and Paradise, H. and Gearing, D.P. and Lascelles, B.D.X.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={1138–1148} }
 @article{gruen_messenger_thomson_griffith_paradise_vaden_lascelles_2016, title={A comparison of serum and plasma cytokine values using a multiplexed assay in cats}, volume={182}, ISSN={0165-2427}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.10.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.10.003}, abstractNote={Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is highly prevalent in cats, and pain contributes to morbidity. In humans, alterations of cytokine concentrations have been associated with joint deterioration and pain. Similar changes have not been investigated in cats. Cytokine concentrations can be measured using multiplex technology with small samples of serum or plasma, however, serum and plasma are not interchangeable for most bioassays. Correlations for cytokine concentrations between serum and plasma have not been evaluated in cats.To evaluate the levels of detection and agreement between serum and plasma samples in cats.Paired serum and plasma samples obtained from 38 cats.Blood was collected into anti-coagulant free and EDTA Vacutainer® tubes, serum or plasma extracted, and samples frozen at -80°C until testing. Duplicate samples were tested using a 19-plex feline cytokine/chemokine magnetic bead panel.Agreement between serum and plasma for many analytes was high, however correlation coefficients ranged from -0.01 to 0.97. Results from >50% of samples were below the lower limit of quantification for both serum and plasma for nine analytes, and for an additional three analytes for plasma only.While serum and plasma agreement was generally good, detection was improved using serum samples.}, journal={Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gruen, Margaret E. and Messenger, Kristen M. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Griffith, Emily H. and Paradise, Hayley and Vaden, Shelly and Lascelles, B.D.X.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={69–73} }
 @article{orlando_case_thomson_griffith_sherman_2016, title={Use of oral trazodone for sedation in cats: a pilot study}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, DOI={10.1177/1098612x15587956}, abstractNote={ObjectivesResistance to transportation and stressful veterinary visits are major causes for a decrease in feline veterinary care. Few options exist for oral sedatives to reduce cats’ anxiety prior to veterinary visits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral trazodone for use as a single dose agent for sedation in cats.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Orlando, Jillian M. and Case, Beth C. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Griffith, Emily and Sherman, Barbara L.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={476–482} }
 @article{gruen_griffith_thomson_simpson_lascelles_2015, title={Criterion validation testing of clinical metrology instruments for measuring degenerative joint disease associated mobility impairment in cats}, volume={10}, number={7}, journal={PLoS One}, author={Gruen, M. E. and Griffith, E. H. and Thomson, A. E. and Simpson, W. and Lascelles, B. D. X.}, year={2015} }
 @article{gruen_jiamachello_thomson_lascelles_2014, title={CLINICAL TRIALS INVOLVING CATS What factors affect owner participation?}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x14539499}, DOI={10.1177/1098612x14539499}, abstractNote={Study rationale:Clinical trials are frequently hindered by difficulties in recruiting eligible participants, increasing the timeline and limiting generalizability of results. In veterinary medicine, where proxy enrollment is required, no studies have detailed what factors influence owner participation in clinical trials involving cats. We aimed to investigate these factors through a survey of owners at first opinion practices.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, publisher={Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England}, author={Gruen, Margaret E. and Jiamachello, Katrina N. and Thomson, Andrea and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={727–735} }
 @article{gruen_griffith_thomson_simpson_lascelles_2014, title={Detection of Clinically Relevant Pain Relief in Cats with Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Pain}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12312}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12312}, abstractNote={BackgroundDetection of clinically relevant pain relief in cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) is complicated by a lack of validated outcome measures and a placebo effect.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Gruen, M. E. and Griffith, E. and Thomson, A. and Simpson, W. and Lascelles, B. D. X.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={346–350} }
 @article{gruen_thomson_clary_hamilton_hudson_meeker_sherman_2013, title={Conditioning laboratory cats to handling and transport}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1548-4475"]}, DOI={10.1038/laban.361}, abstractNote={As research subjects, cats have contributed substantially to our understanding of biological systems, from the development of mammalian visual pathways to the pathophysiology of feline immunodeficiency virus as a model for human immunodeficiency virus. Few studies have evaluated humane methods for managing cats in laboratory animal facilities, however, in order to reduce fear responses and improve their welfare. The authors describe a behavioral protocol used in their laboratory to condition cats to handling and transport. Such behavioral conditioning benefits the welfare of the cats, the safety of animal technicians and the quality of feline research data.}, number={10}, journal={LAB ANIMAL}, author={Gruen, Margaret E. and Thomson, Andrea E. and Clary, Gillian P. and Hamilton, Alexandra K. and Hudson, Lola C. and Meeker, Rick B. and Sherman, Barbara L.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={385–389} }
 @article{benito_hansen_depuy_davidson_thomson_simpson_roe_hardie_lascelles_2013, title={Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index: Responsiveness and Testing of Criterion Validity}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0891-6640"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12077}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12077}, abstractNote={BackgroundProgress in establishing if therapies provide relief to cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD)‐associated pain is hampered by a lack of validated owner‐administered assessment methods.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Benito, J. and Hansen, B. and DePuy, V. and Davidson, G. S. and Thomson, A. and Simpson, W. and Roe, S. and Hardie, E. and Lascelles, B. D. X.}, year={2013}, pages={474–482} }
 @article{sherman_gruen_meeker_milgram_dirivera_thomson_clary_hudson_2013, title={The use of a T-maze to measure cognitive-motor function in cats (Felis catus)}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1558-7878"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jveb.2012.03.001}, abstractNote={Few tests have been developed to test the cognitive and motor capabilities of domestic cats, in spite of the suitability of cats for specific studies of neuroanatomy, infectious diseases, development, aging, and behavior. The present study evaluated a T-maze apparatus as a sensitive and reliable measure of cognition and motor function of cats. Eighteen purpose-bred, specific-pathogen-free, male, neutered domestic shorthair cats (Felis catus), 1-2 years of age, were trained and tested to a T-maze protocol using food rewards. The test protocol consisted of positional discrimination training (left arm or right arm) to criterion followed by two discrimination reversal tests. The two reversal tests documented the ability of the subjects to respond to a new reward location, and switch arms of the T-maze. Data were collected on side preference, number of correct responses, and latency of responses by the subjects. Aided by a customized computer program (CanCog Technologies), data were recorded electronically as each cat progressed from the start box to the reward arm. The protocol facilitated rapid training to a high and consistent level of performance during the discrimination training. This learning was associated with a decrease in the latency to traverse the maze to a mean of 4.80 ± 0.87 s indicating strong motivation and consistent performance. When the rewarded side was reversed in the test phase, cats required more trials to reach criterion, as expected, but again showed reliable learning. The latency to reward in the first session of reversal increased 86% from the first to the last trial indicating that it may provide a useful index of cognitive processing. Latencies subsequently decreased as the new reversal paradigm was learned. This paradigm provides a relatively rapid and reliable test of cognitive motor performance that can be used in various settings for evaluation of feline cognitive and motor function.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY BEHAVIOR-CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH}, author={Sherman, Barbara L. and Gruen, Margaret E. and Meeker, Rick B. and Milgram, Bill and DiRivera, Christina and Thomson, Andrea and Clary, Gillian and Hudson, Lola}, year={2013}, pages={32–39} }
 @article{hansen_lascelles_thomson_depuy_2013, title={Variability of performance of wound infusion catheters}, volume={40}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia}, author={Hansen, B. and Lascelles, B. D. X. and Thomson, A. and DePuy, V.}, year={2013}, pages={308–315} }
 @article{benito_gruen_thomson_simpson_lascelles_2012, title={Owner-assessed indices of quality of life in cats and the relationship to the presence of degenerative joint disease}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1532-2750"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x12453904}, DOI={10.1177/1098612x12453904}, abstractNote={ This study evaluated the types of items owners consider important to their cats’ quality of life (QoL). We hypothesized that items contributing to QoL in cats are predominantly items requiring mobility. The objectives of the study were to describe the types of items considered important by owners for their cats’ QoL; to describe the proportion of these items that involve mobility; to evaluate what patient factors, including severity of degenerative joint disease (DJD), affect this distribution; and to evaluate whether the proportion of QoL items involving mobility chosen by owners is different in cats presenting for a DJD study compared with a randomly selected population. A total of 830 client-generated items were evaluated. Regardless of DJD status, 40% of items listed by owners involved mobility, while 60% were ‘inactive’ items, rejecting our hypothesis. This highlights the need to assess non-active items that owners consider to constitute QoL to fully assess the impact of diseases like DJD and, therefore, the success of therapeutic interventions. }, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, publisher={Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England}, author={Benito, Javier and Gruen, Margaret E. and Thomson, Andrea and Simpson, Wendy and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={863–870} }
 @article{lascelles_dong_marcellin-little_thomson_wheeler_correa_2012, title={Relationship of orthopedic examination, goniometric measurements, and radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease in cats}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1746-6148"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-10}, DOI={10.1186/1746-6148-8-10}, abstractNote={Available information suggests a mismatch between radiographic and orthopedic examination findings in cats with DJD. However, the extent of the discrepancy between clinical and radiographic signs of OA in companion animals has not been described in detail. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between orthopedic examination findings, joint goniometry, and radiographic signs of DJD in 100 cats, in a prospective observational design. Cat temperament, pain response to palpation, joint crepitus, effusion and thickening were graded. Radiographs of appendicular joints and the axial skeleton were made under sedation. Joint motion was measured by use of a plastic goniometer before and after sedation. Associations between radiographic degenerative joint disease (DJD) and examination findings were assessed to determine sensitivity, specificity and likelihood estimations.Pain response to palpation was elicited in 0-67% of the joints with DJD, with a specificity ranging from 62-99%; crepitus was detected in 0-56% of the joints and its specificity varied between 87 and 99%; for effusion, values ranged between 6 and 38% (specificity, 82-100%), and thickening, 0-59% (specificity, 74-99%). Joints with DJD tended to have a decreased range of motion. The presence of pain increased the odds of having DJD in the elbow (right: 5.5; left: 4.5); the presence of pain in the lower back increased the odds of spinal DJD being present (2.97 for lumbar; 4.67 for lumbo-sacral).Radiographic DJD cannot be diagnosed with certainty using palpation or goniometry. However, negative findings tend to predict radiographically normal joints. Palpation and goniometry may be used as a tool to help to screen cats, mostly to rule out DJD.}, number={1}, journal={BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH}, publisher={BioMed Central}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Dong, Yaa-Hui and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Thomson, Andrea and Wheeler, Simon and Correa, Maria}, year={2012}, month={Jan} }
 @article{lascelles_depuy_thomson_hansen_marcellin-little_biourge_bauer_2010, title={Evaluation of a Therapeutic Diet for Feline Degenerative Joint Disease}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0495.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0495.x}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Feline degenerative joint disease (DJD) is common and there are no approved therapies for the alleviation of the associated pain.


OBJECTIVE
To test a diet high in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content and supplemented with green-lipped mussel extract and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (test-diet) for its pain-relieving and activity-enhancing effects in cats with painful, mobility-impairing DJD over a 9-week period.


ANIMALS
Forty client-owned cats.


METHODS
Randomized, controlled, blinded, parallel group, prospective clinical study. Cats with no detectable systemic disease, and with at least 1 appendicular joint with radiographic evidence of DJD where manipulation elicited an aversive response were included. Cats were randomly allocated to the test-diet or control diet (C-diet). Outcome measures were subjective owner and veterinarian assessments, and objective activity monitoring (accelerometry). Nonparametric statistics were used to evaluate changes within and between groups for both subjective and objective data, and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing regression analysis was used to predict activity changes.


RESULTS
The primary objective outcome measures indicated that activity declined significantly (P < .001) in the C-diet group, significantly increased (P < .001) in the test-diet group and there was a significant difference between the groups (P < .001).


CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
A diet high in EPA and DHA and supplemented with green-lipped mussel extract and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate improved objective measures of mobility. Dietary modulation might be 1 method to use to improve mobility in cats with DJD-associated pain.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, publisher={Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111)}, author={Lascelles, B. D. X. and DePuy, V. and Thomson, A. and Hansen, B. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Biourge, V. and Bauer, J. E.}, year={2010}, pages={487–495} }
 @article{gilor_graves_lascelles_thomson_simpson_halpern_2010, title={The effects of body weight, body condition score, sex, and age on serum fructosamine concentrations in clinically healthy cats}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00227.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00227.x}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Serum fructosamine (SF) concentrations depend on plasma glucose concentrations and are used to evaluate glycemic control in animals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite the strong association between obesity and DM, the effects of body weight (BW) and body condition on SF concentrations in clinically healthy cats have not been reported.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of BW, body condition score (BCS), sex, and age on SF concentrations in healthy cats.


METHODS
BW, BCS, and SF concentrations were determined in 84 clinically healthy client-owned cats (50 neutered males, 33 spayed females, and 1 intact female) of known age. The cats were enrolled prospectively in the study.


RESULTS
Mean BW, median BCS, and mean SF concentrations for the 84 cats were 5.4 kg, 5/9, and 268.7 ± 45.5 μmol/L (range 197-399), respectively. BW was weakly but significantly correlated with SF (r=.26; P=.02), whereas BCS was not. Cats weighing >5.4 kg and cats with BCS>5/9 had higher mean SF concentrations compared with cats weighing <5.4 kg and cats with BCS <5/9, respectively. Cats categorized as normal weight to obese by BW (BW ≥ 4.0 kg) had higher mean SF concentrations compared with cats categorized as lean (BW< 4.0 kg). For domestic shorthair cats, the same was true for BCS: cats with BCS ≥ 4/9 had higher mean fructosamine concentrations than those with BCS<4/9. Male cats had significantly higher mean SF concentrations compared with female cats (285.1 ± 45.3 vs 244.5 ± 33.9 μmol/L, P<.001). Age did not affect mean SF concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
BW is positively correlated with SF concentration, and lean cats have lower SF concentrations than normal and obese cats. In contrast to previous reports, mean SF concentrations were higher in male cats than in female cats, even when males and females were matched based on BW, BCS, and age.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Clinical Pathology}, author={Gilor, C and Graves, TK and Lascelles, BDX and Thomson, AE and Simpson, W and Halpern, DS}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={322–328} }
 @article{lascelles_hansen_thomson_pierce_boland_smith_2008, title={Evaluation of a digitally integrated accelerometer-based activity monitor for the measurement of activity in cats(1)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1467-2987"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00367.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00367.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To assess the correlation between data generated by an accelerometer-based activity monitor and the distance moved in cats.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective experimental study.


ANIMALS
Three, four-year-old, male, purpose-bred research cats, weighing between 5.1 and 5.9 kg.


METHODS
Part I: Collar and harness mounted accelerometers were evaluated in three cats, comparing simultaneously collected accelerometer data with movement data from computer-analyzed video. Part II: Cats wore collar and harness mounted accelerometers, and data were recorded for 4 weeks to evaluate day-to-day and week-to-week variation in activity.


RESULTS
Part I: 432 hours of simultaneous video and accelerometer data were collected. The correlation between accelerometer counts and distance moved was 0.82 overall. Agreement between collar and harness mounted accelerometers was excellent with only 6% of the differences in measurements lying outside the mean difference +/- 2 standard deviations. The adjusted R(2) for harness accelerometer output and 6% mobility was 0.75; for movement 0.84; and for mean velocity 0.83. Evaluation of video indicated eating, grooming and scratching created high accelerometer counts with little effect on movement. Part II: There was a significant effect of day on harness (p < 0.001) and collar (p < 0.002) counts, with counts being lowest at the weekend. There was a significant effect of week on harness-mounted accelerometer counts (p < 0.034), but not on collar-mounted accelerometer counts. Harness accelerometer counts were lowest in week 1.


CONCLUSION
Output from an acceleration-based digitally integrated accelerometer correlated well with distance moved and mobility in freely moving cats provided the mobility threshold in the analysis software was > or = 6%.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Acceleration-based activity monitors may allow for objective measurement of improved mobility following analgesic treatment for conditions such as osteoarthritis.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Hansen, Bernard D. and Thomson, Andrea and Pierce, Courtney C. and Boland, Elizabeth and Smith, Eric S.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={173–183} }
 @article{lascelles_hansen_roe_depuy_thomson_pierce_smith_rowinski_2007, title={Evaluation of client-specific outcome measures and activity monitoring to measure pain relief in cats with osteoarthritis}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[410:EOCOMA]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
There are no validated systems for measuring pain from osteoarthritis in cats.


HYPOTHESIS
Owner subjective assessments and an activity monitor (AM) can be used to detect pain in cats with osteoarthritis and to assess efficacy of treatments.


ANIMALS
Thirteen cats older than 10 years old, with owner-assessed decreases in activity, painful arthritic joints, and clinically normal blood work were included and evaluated for 3 weeks.


METHODS
A collar-mounted AM measured activity and a client-specific outcome measure (CSOM) questionnaire characterized the severity of impairment. Overall global quality of life was also evaluated for each treatment. In weeks 2 and 3, meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg, day 1; 0.05 mg/kg, days 2-5) or a placebo was administered in a blinded, randomized, cross-over manner to test the assessment systems.


RESULTS
The cats had a median of 4 arthritic appendicular joints. Activity counts for the week when cats (complete data on activity; n=9) were administered meloxicam were significantly higher than at baseline (P = .02) but not after placebo (P = .06). Baseline activity counts were not significantly different from placebo (P = .6). The CSOM data (n=13) showed that owners considered their cats to be more active on meloxicam compared with baseline (P = .001) and placebo (P < .004), and more active on placebo than at baseline (P < .01). Global quality of life improved significantly with meloxicam (P < .042).


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Both an AM and a CSOM system can detect behavior associated with pain relief in cats that are arthritic. Objective activity data might allow subjective assessment systems to be validated for use in clinical studies.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Hansen, Bernie D. and Roe, Simon and Depuy, Venita and Thomson, Andrea and Pierce, Courtney C. and Smith, Eric S. and Rowinski, Elizabeth}, year={2007}, pages={410–416} }