@misc{kim_gormley_jang_duarte_2024, title={Current status of global pig production: an overview and research trends}, volume={37}, ISSN={["2765-0235"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0367}, DOI={10.5713/ab.23.0367}, abstractNote={Global pig production has increased by 140% since the 1960s. The increase in global population, coupled with improving socioeconomic conditions of many countries has led to an increased consumption of meat globally, including pork. To keep up with demand and capitalize on economic opportunities, the countries of China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU) have become the top 3 pork producers globally. China is of particular interest, as it is the both the largest country in pork production and pig numbers, as well as being the largest importer of pork from other countries. Globally, the efficiency of pork production has improved, in relation to the integration of pig production and the dramatic increase in research efforts in pig nutrition and production. Through integration, large producers can consolidate resources and maximize profits and efficiency. The increased research interest and efforts in pig production have given scientists and producers the opportunity to collaborate to adapt to challenges and identify possible solutions to issues brought on by a volatile global market. Intestinal health (23%), general nutrition and growth (23%), and amino acid nutrition (15%) were the top 3 areas (61%) leading research trends in pig nutrition and production. Major dietary interventions with feed additives evaluated include functional amino acids, feed enzymes, pre-/pro-/post-biotics, and phytobiotics with a common goal to improve the growth efficiency by enhancing nutrient utilization and intestinal health. With increasing global issues with environment, pig producers and the supporting scientists should continue their efforts to improve the production efficiency and to reduce the environmental footprint from pig production.}, number={4}, journal={ANIMAL BIOSCIENCE}, author={Kim, Sung Woo and Gormley, Alexa and Jang, Ki Beom and Duarte, Marcos Elias}, year={2024}, month={Apr}, pages={719–729} }
 @article{gormley_duarte_kim_2024, title={Effects of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics on intestinal health of newly weaned pigs challenged with F18+Escherichia coli.}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skae102.139}, abstractNote={Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics (celluTEIN, Puretein Biosecience LLC, Minneapolis, MN, USA) on the intestinal health and growth performance of newly weaned pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli. Nursery pigs [n =36; initial body weight (BW) = 6.42 ± 0.33 kg BW] were allotted into three dietary treatments utilizing a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. The dietary treatments included a negative control (NC: basal diet, no challenge), a positive control (PC: basal diet, challenged with F18+ E. coli), and SYP (basal diet with Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics at 175 g/ton of feed, challenged with F18+ E. coli). Basal diets were formulated to meet NRC (2012) requirements with Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics replacing corn in the basal diet. Pigs were fed for 28 d in 3 phases (P1: 11 d, P2: 10 d, P3: 7 d). Pigs in PC and Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics were orally inoculated with F18+ E. coli (2.0 × 1010 CFU), whereas the NC group received sterile saline, given in 4 doses beginning on d 7 after weaning. Throughout, fecal score, BW, and feed intake were recorded to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). At d 28, all pigs were euthanized for sampling of the jejunal mucosa to analyze oxidative stress and immune status, as well as microbiota diversity and relative abundance. Data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed in SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC). Overall, PC reduced (P < 0.05) the BW, ADG, and ADFI of pigs. The SYP had a tendency (P = 0.098) to improve the ADFI of pigs challenged with F18+ E. coli. The fecal score of pigs fed SYP were improved (P < 0.05) on d 7 to 18 of the post-challenge period when compared with PC. Furthermore, SYP reduced protein carbonyl (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, and had a tendency to increase Leuconostocaceae (P = 0.090), Streptococcaceae (P = 0.068), Corynebacteriaceae (P = 0.085), and had a tendency to reduce (P = 0.077) Ruminococcaceae when compared with PC. Additionally, SYP reduced (P < 0.05) gene expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and increased (P < 0.05) gene expression mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), when compared with PC. In conclusion, challenge with F18+ E. coli increased fecal score, disrupted the microbiota composition in the jejunal mucosa, and increased gene expression associated with recognition of pathogens, without any impact on inflammation; therefore, negatively affecting growth performance. Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics could reduce the negative effects associated with F18+ E. coli infection by altering microbial diversity and reducing inflammation associated with expression of TLR4, and oxidative stress products, without changes in growth.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Gormley, Alexa R. and Duarte, Marcos Elias and Kim, Sung Woo}, year={2024}, month={May}, pages={124–125} }
 @article{baker_duarte_kim_gormley_jang_2023, title={Effects of Increased Nsp with Or Without Nspase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Intestinal Microbiome of Nursery Pigs and Implications on Subsequent Phases of Production}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skad281.233}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Baker, Jonathan T. and Duarte, Marcos Elias Elias and Kim, Sung Woo and Gormley, Alexa R. and Jang, Ki beom}, year={2023}, month={Nov}, pages={192–193} }