@article{costa silva_matta_pereira_bueno_piovesan_cardinal_vieira good god_ribeiro_dal-bianco_2021, title={Association studies and QTL mapping for soybean oil content and composition}, volume={217}, ISSN={["1573-5060"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10681-020-02755-y}, number={2}, journal={EUPHYTICA}, author={Costa Silva, Luiz Claudio and Matta, Loreta Buuda and Pereira, Guilherme Ramos and Bueno, Rafael Delmond and Piovesan, Newton Deniz and Cardinal, Andrea J. and Vieira Good God, Pedro Ivo and Ribeiro, Cleberson and Dal-Bianco, Maximiller}, year={2021}, month={Jan} }
 @article{recker_burton_cardinal_miranda_2014, title={Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations of Quantitative Traits in Two Long-Term, Randomly Mated Soybean Populations}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2013.07.0447}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Recker, Jill R. and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea and Miranda, Lilian}, year={2014}, pages={939–943} }
 @article{guénard_cardinal-de casas_dunn_2014, title={High diversity in an urban habitat: are some animal assemblages resilient to long-term anthropogenic change?}, volume={18}, ISSN={1083-8155 1573-1642}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0406-8}, DOI={10.1007/s11252-014-0406-8}, number={2}, journal={Urban Ecosystems}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Guénard, Benoit and Cardinal-De Casas, Adrianna and Dunn, Robert R.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={449–463} }
 @article{gillman_tetlow_hagely_boersma_cardinal_rajcan_bilyeu_2014, title={Identification of the molecular genetic basis of the low palmitic acid seed oil trait in soybean mutant line RG3 and association analysis of molecular markers with elevated seed stearic acid and reduced seed palmitic acid}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1572-9788"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11032-014-0046-y}, number={2}, journal={MOLECULAR BREEDING}, author={Gillman, Jason D. and Tetlow, Ashley and Hagely, Katherine and Boersma, Jeffery G. and Cardinal, Andrea and Rajcan, Istvan and Bilyeu, Kristin}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={447–455} }
 @article{cardinal_whetten_wang_auclair_hyten_cregan_bachlava_gillman_ramirez_dewey_et al._2014, title={Mapping the low palmitate fap1 mutation and validation of its effects in soybean oil and agronomic traits in three soybean populations}, volume={127}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-013-2204-8}, abstractNote={fap 1 mutation is caused by a G174A change in GmKASIIIA that disrupts a donor splice site recognition and creates a GATCTG motif that enhanced its expression. Soybean oil with reduced palmitic acid content is desirable to reduce the health risks associated with consumption of this fatty acid. The objectives of this study were: to identify the genomic location of the reduced palmitate fap1 mutation, determine its molecular basis, estimate the amount of phenotypic variation in fatty acid composition explained by this locus, determine if there are epistatic interactions between the fap1 and fap nc loci and, determine if the fap1 mutation has pleiotropic effects on seed yield, oil and protein content in three soybean populations. This study detected two major QTL for 16:0 content located in chromosome 5 (GmFATB1a, fap nc) and chromosome 9 near BARCSOYSSR_09_1707 that explained, with their interaction, 66–94 % of the variation in 16:0 content in the three populations. Sequencing results of a putative candidate gene, GmKASIIIA, revealed a single unique polymorphism in the germplasm line C1726, which was predicted to disrupt the donor splice site recognition between exon one and intron one and produce a truncated KASIIIA protein. This G to A change also created the GATCTG motif that enhanced gene expression of the mutated GmKASIIIA gene. Lines homozygous for the GmKASIIIA mutation (fap1) had a significant reduction in 16:0, 18:0, and oil content; and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids content. There were significant epistatic interactions between GmKASIIIA (fap1) and fap nc for 16:0 and oil contents, and seed yield in two populations. In conclusion, the fap1 phenotype is caused by a single unique SNP in the GmKASIIIA gene.}, number={1}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Whetten, Rebecca and Wang, Sanbao and Auclair, Jerome and Hyten, David and Cregan, Perry and Bachlava, Eleni and Gillman, Jason and Ramirez, Martha and Dewey, Ralph and et al.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={97–111} }
 @article{ruddle_cardinal_upchurch_arellano_miranda_2013, title={Agronomic Effects of Mutations in Two Soybean Delta 9-Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein-Desaturases}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2013.02.0120}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Ruddle, Paul, II and Cardinal, Andrea and Upchurch, Robert G. and Arellano, Consuelo and Miranda, Lilian}, year={2013}, pages={1887–1893} }
 @article{recker_burton_cardinal_miranda_2013, title={Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Two Long-Term Randomly Mated Soybean Populations: I. Genetic Variances}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2012.10.0573}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Recker, Jill R. and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea and Miranda, Lilian}, year={2013}, pages={1375–1383} }
 @article{cardinal_wang_bowman_pantalone_2012, title={Registration of 'NC-Burton' Soybean}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1936-5209"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2010.12.0720crc}, abstractNote={‘NC‐Burton’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐504, PI 664026) was cooperatively developed and released by North Carolina State University (NCSU) and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, and it was first tested in North Carolina yield trials in 2003. NC‐Burton is a determinate, maturity‐group‐V, high‐yielding, conventional cultivar adapted to the northern and central regions of eastern North Carolina. It was derived from the cross of the high‐yielding line TN93‐99 and the soybean cyst nematode–resistant cultivar ‘Fowler’. In the NCSU breeding trials (11 environments), NC‐Burton averaged 3466 kg ha−1, or 441 kg ha−1 more than the check cultivar ‘5601T’ under full‐season conditions. In eight average‐ to high‐yield environments in the North Carolina Official Variety Trials, NC‐Burton had a significantly higher seed yield (4091 kg ha−1) than 5601T in narrow (19‐cm) row spacing. Seed protein content was lower but the oil content was similar to that of 5601T. NC‐Burton is resistant to stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis), frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara), and bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye].}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Cardinal, A. J. and Wang, S. and Bowman, D. T. and Pantalone, V. R.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={146–149} }
 @article{cardinal_wang_bowman_pantalone_2012, title={Registration of 'NC-Tinius' Soybean}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1936-5209"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2010.12.0721crc}, abstractNote={‘NC‐Tinius’ soybean [Glycine max (L.,) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐503, PI 664027) was cooperatively developed and released by North Carolina State University (NCSU) and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. It was first tested in North Carolina yield trials in 2003. NC‐Tinius is a determinate, maturity‐group‐V, conventional cultivar. It is a high‐yielding conventional line adapted to the northern and central regions of eastern North Carolina. It was derived from the cross of the low‐palmitate and low‐linolenate conventional line TN99‐76,077 to a high‐yielding conventional line V91‐3036. In the NCSU breeding trials (11 environments), NC‐Tinius averaged 3443 kg ha−1, or 353 kg ha−1 more than ‘5601T’, under full‐season conditions. In eight average‐ to high‐yield environments in the North Carolina Official Variety Trials, NC‐Tinius produced significantly higher yields (4031 kg ha−1) than did the standard cultivar 5601T in narrow (19 cm) row spacing. Seed protein and oil contents were similar to those of 5601T. NC‐Tinius is resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (G1), frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara), bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye], and stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis) and is moderately resistant to sudden death syndrome (caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines).}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Cardinal, A. J. and Wang, S. and Bowman, D. T. and Pantalone, V. R.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={150–155} }
 @article{cardinal_burton_camacho-roger_whetten_chappell_bilyeu_auclair_dewey_2011, title={Molecular Analysis of GmFAD3A in Two Soybean Populations Segregating for the fan, fap1, and fap(nc) Loci}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2010.08.0500}, abstractNote={Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have undesirable levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their oil that result in oxidative instability and poor flavor. The process of hydrogenation improves the stability but creates undesirable trans fats. Lines carrying fan genes have decreased linolenic acid (18:3) content. Changes in transcription or activity of the desaturase encoded by the GmFAD3 gene cause a reduction in 18:3 content in certain lines. The objectives of this study were to determine the molecular basis of the fan allele in PI 123440, develop molecular markers to assay for the GmFAD3 gene in lines carrying fan(PI 123440), and estimate the variation in the 18:3 explained by the GmFAD3A locus. Sequence analysis of the GmFAD3A from ‘Soyola’, the fan(PI 123440) allele, and ‘Dare’ showed no sequence polymorphisms that would alter the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. RNA blot analysis of a low‐18:3 line carrying a fan(PI 123440) allele, a line with normal 18:3 content, and three of their progenies showed a decrease in steady‐state FAD3A RNA levels in low‐18:3 lines. A marker for GmFAD3A was tested in two populations segregating for fan(PI 123440). Lines homozygous the GmFAD3A allele inherited from PI 123440 had a significant reduction in 18:3 when compared to lines homozygous for the GmFAD3A allele from the normal 18:3 parent. The differences between the two groups explained more than 77.5% of the genetic variation in 18:3 seed‐oil content in the populations. In summary, a reduction in the steady‐state mRNA levels of the GmFAD3A leads to a reduction in 18:3 synthesis within the developing seed in plants containing the fan(PI 123440) allele.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Burton, Joseph W. and Camacho-Roger, Ana Maria and Whetten, Rebecca and Chappell, Andrew S. and Bilyeu, Kristin D. and Auclair, Jerome and Dewey, Ralph E.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={2104–2112} }
 @article{bachlava_cardinal_2009, title={Correlation between Temperature and Oleic Acid Seed Content in Three Segregating Soybean Populations}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.11.0660}, abstractNote={The development of high‐oleate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm, currently in demand due to its nutritional value and oxidative stability, may be hampered by the instability of fatty acid composition across environments, which is largely attributed to temperature changes and its effects on fatty acid biosynthesis during the period of oil deposition. In the present study, we evaluated three soybean populations that segregated for oleate content and maturity at multiple environments in North Carolina. Oleate content was positively correlated with daily temperatures, averaged over the seed‐filling stage, for the experimental lines of the late‐maturing population but was negatively correlated for the lines of the early‐maturing populations. Oil content was positively correlated with the average daily temperature during seed filling in all three populations, regardless of their early‐ or late‐maturity profile. Negative correlations between oleate content and temperature during the period of oil deposition have not been previously reported. Moreover, in contrast to previous reports, maximum, minimum, and average daily temperatures were highly correlated during seed filling in all environments of this study. We conclude that cautious interpretation of these findings is necessary due to the correlation between temperature and photoperiod during the period of oil deposition.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2009}, pages={1328–1335} }
 @article{lee_woolard_sleper_smith_pantalone_nyinyi_cardinal_shannon_2009, title={Environmental Effects on Oleic Acid in Soybean Seed Oil of Plant Introductions with Elevated Oleic Concentration}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.11.0663}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Lee, Jeong-Dong and Woolard, Melissa and Sleper, David A. and Smith, James R. and Pantalone, Vincent R. and Nyinyi, Catherine N. and Cardinal, Andrea and Shannon, J. Grover}, year={2009}, pages={1762–1768} }
 @article{bachlava_dewey_burton_cardinal_2009, title={Mapping and Comparison of Quantitative Trait Loci for Oleic Acid Seed Content in Two Segregating Soybean Populations}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0324}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] produces 29.4% of the world's edible vegetable oil. An important determinant of the nutritional value and the oxidative stability of soybean oil is the oleic acid content. Elevation of the oleate content levels leads to the improvement of soybean oil quality. However, our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying oleate variation in soybean seeds remains incomplete, hampering the use of marker‐assisted selection in soybean breeding programs. We used a whole‐genome scan approach to identify oleate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a soybean population segregating for oleic acid content and a cognate segregating population to confirm oleate QTL. A novel oleate QTL with moderate effects was revealed on linkage group F in the proximity of the simple sequence repeat marker sat_309, which was confirmed in both populations across all environments tested. Furthermore, this study verified the existence of an oleate QTL with moderate effects in the proximity of FAD2‐1B isoform on linkage group I, which interacted epistatically with the oleate QTL on linkage group F. Oleate QTLs with moderate effects were also detected on linkage groups A2 and N only in one of the populations under study. Minor QTLs on linkage groups E, L, A1, and D2 confirmed previous mapping studies for oleate content in soybean.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Dewey, Ralph E. and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2009}, pages={433–442} }
 @article{bachlava_dewey_burton_cardinal_2009, title={Mapping candidate genes for oleate biosynthesis and their association with unsaturated fatty acid seed content in soybean}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1572-9788"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11032-008-9246-7}, number={2}, journal={MOLECULAR BREEDING}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Dewey, Ralph E. and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={337–347} }
 @article{cardinal_dewey_burton_2008, title={Estimating the individual effects of the reduced palmitic acid fap(nc) and fap1 alleles on agronomic traits in two soybean populations}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0251}, abstractNote={Major fap alleles that reduce palmitate content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil also can reduce seed yield. One of these alleles, fapnc, has been shown to be a deletion in the GmFATB1a gene. Allele‐specific primers that amplify GmFATB1a can be used to test precisely if the fapnc allele has an effect on agronomic traits. The objectives of this study were to determine if the segregation of the fapnc allele explained a significant amount of genetic variation in several agronomic traits; to determine if the fap1 allele or minor palmitate genes have an effect on agronomic traits; and to confirm if GmFATB1a maps to the distal region on linkage group A1. GmFATB1a‐specific primers were used to genotype lines from two populations segregating for fapnc, fap1, and fan alleles and modifier genes. The fapnc allele explained a significant portion of the genetic variation in seed yield, plant height, protein content, and stearic acid content in both populations. After removing the effect of fapnc from the model, the genetic correlation between palmitate and yield was significant in one population but not significant between palmitate and height, indicating that fap1 has a small but significant effect on seed yield but no effect on plant height. The fap1 and/or modifier genes significantly affected stearic acid content. GmFATB1a mapped 20 cM distal to Satt684 on linkage group A1. Breeding efforts did not totally eliminate the negative influence of the fapnc allele on seed yield and plant height.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Dewey, Ralph E. and Burton, Joseph W.}, year={2008}, pages={633–639} }
 @article{bachlava_burton_brownie_wang_auclair_cardinal_2008, title={Heritability of oleic acid content in soybean seed oil and its genetic correlation with fatty acid and agronomic traits}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0049}, abstractNote={Oleate content is important for the nutritional value and oxidative stability of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil. Response to selection for higher oleate content depends on its heritability in breeding populations, and correlated responses of other fatty acid and agronomic traits to selection for oleate content depend on their genetic correlations with oleate. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of oleate content and to determine the correlation of oleate with other fatty acid and agronomic traits in three soybean populations segregating for major and minor oleate genes grown in multiple environments. One of the populations consisted of 721 lines, providing excellent precision for estimation of the genetic parameters. The results of this study indicated that heritability for oleate content was sufficiently high that early generation selection can be effective when practiced on unreplicated lines grown at a single environment. Significant negative correlations were observed between oleate and linoleate, oleate and linolenate, as well as oleate and palmitate in all three populations. Significant positive correlations were detected between palmitate and stearate in one population segregating for oleate genes and fapnc and fap1 alleles, which reduce palmitate content. In the same population we also observed a significant negative correlation between yield and oleate content, and positive correlations between yield and linoleate, and linolenate and palmitate contents.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Burton, Joseph W. and Brownie, Cavell and Wang, Sanbao and Auclair, Jerome and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2008}, pages={1764–1772} }
 @article{bachlava_dewey_auclair_wang_burton_cardinal_2008, title={Mapping genes encoding microsomal omega-6 desaturase enzymes and their cosegregation with QTL affecting oleate content in soybean}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2007.07.0381}, abstractNote={The microsomal ω‐6 desaturase enzymes, which catalyze the desaturation of oleic acid to linoleic acid during fatty acid biosynthesis, are encoded by the FAD2‐1 and FAD2‐2 genes in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Breeders aim to incorporate the high‐oleate trait into soybean germplasm in order to improve the nutritional value and oxidative stability of soybean oil. The objectives of this study were to map the isoforms of the FAD2‐1 and FAD2‐2 genes and investigate the association of these genetic loci with the oleate phenotype in three populations segregating for oleate content. The populations were grown in replicated multienvironment field trials. According to linkage analysis conducted for two of the populations, FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B mapped on Linkage Groups O and I, respectively, while the closely linked FAD2‐2A and FAD2‐2B isoforms mapped on Linkage Group L. Oleate quantitative trait loci with minor effects were detected in the proximity of FAD2‐1B and possibly FAD2‐2B on Linkage Groups I and L. Quantitative trait loci affecting maturity were also detected on chromosomal regions adjacent to the FAD2 genes. The genotyping assays developed for the FAD2‐1A, FAD2‐1B, and FAD2‐2B isoforms, as well as their linked simple sequence repeat markers, can be used in soybean breeding programs for the elevation of oleic acid seed content through marker‐assisted selection.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bachlava, Eleni and Dewey, Ralph E. and Auclair, Jerome and Wang, Sanbao and Burton, Joseph W. and Cardinal, Andrea J.}, year={2008}, pages={640–650} }
 @article{cardinal_burton_2007, title={Correlations between palmitate content and agronomic traits in soybean populations segregating for the fap1, fap(nc), and fan Alleles}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.09.0577}, abstractNote={Palmitate is the predominant saturated fatty acid in soybean oil. Major fap alleles that reduce palmitate content in seed oil also reduce seed yield. Breeders are interested in estimating the genotypic correlation between palmitate content and agronomic traits to predict unfavorable correlated responses to selection. The main objective of this study was to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between palmitate and linolenate contents and other traits in three populations segregating for the fapnc, fap1, and fan alleles and modifier genes. The populations derived from crosses of high‐yielding lines and improved low‐palmitate and low‐linolenate lines were grown in replicated trials in three environments. Significant positive genetic correlations between palmitate and yield and between palmitate and plant height were observed in all three populations. Linolenate content was genetically positively correlated with lodging in two populations and negatively correlated with oil content in three populations. Our results support the observation that the major fapnc or fap1 or both alleles reduced plant height and had a major negative effect on yield. These effects could be due to pleiotropy or linkage with unfavorable yield or height genes. The relative importance of pleiotropy and linkage has very different implications for oil quality breeding.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Burton, Joseph W.}, year={2007}, pages={1804–1812} }
 @article{cardinal_burton_camacho-roger_yang_wilson_dewey_2007, title={Molecular analysis of soybean lines with low palmitic acid content in the seed oil}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0272}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTPalmitic acid is the major saturated fatty acid found in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, accounting for approximately 11% of the seed oil content. Reducing the palmitic acid levels of the oil is desirable because of the negative health effects specifically associated with this fatty acid. One of the genetic loci known to reduce the seed palmitate content in soybean is fapnc. Previous studies indicated that fapnc is associated with a deletion in a gene (designated FATB) encoding 16:0‐ACP thioesterase activity. In this report, we isolated full length cDNAs of three of the four unique FATB genes expressed in soybean and show that the isoform designated GmFATB1a represents the specific gene deleted in lines possessing the fapnc locus. Allele specific primers corresponding to GmFATB1a were used to genotype plants from two F4‐derived populations that were segregating for fapnc The GmFATB1a‐specific markers were effective in accounting for 62 to 70% of the genotypic variation in palmitate content in the two populations studied. Because the markers developed in this study are 100% linked to the locus of interest, they should be particularly useful in marker‐assisted selection programs designed to lower the palmitic acid levels of soybean oil.}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Cardinal, Andrea J. and Burton, Joseph W. and Camacho-Roger, Ana Maria and Yang, Ji H. and Wilson, Richard F. and Dewey, Ralph E.}, year={2007}, pages={304–310} }
 @article{holland_bretting_bubeck_cardinal_holley_uhr_2006, title={Major M. Goodman - A laudation}, volume={51}, number={1}, journal={Maydica}, author={Holland, J. B. and Bretting, P. K. and Bubeck, D. M. and Cardinal, A. J. and Holley, R. N. and Uhr, D. V.}, year={2006}, pages={3–13} }
 @article{cardinal_lee_guthrie_bing_austin_veldboom_senior_2006, title={Mapping of factors for resistance to leaf-blade feeding by European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) in maize}, volume={51}, number={1}, journal={Maydica}, author={Cardinal, A. J. and Lee, M. and Guthrie, W. D. and Bing, J. and Austin, D. F. and Veldboom, L. R. and Senior, M. L.}, year={2006}, pages={93–102} }
 @article{oliva_shannon_sleper_ellersieck_cardinal_paris_lee_2006, title={Stability of fatty acid profile in soybean genotypes with modified seed oil composition}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0474}, abstractNote={Genetic effects and temperature during the reproductive period for unsaturated fatty acids in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil affect oil composition. Increasing oleic and reducing linolenic acids are desirable to improve oil for food and other uses. The objective of this study was to access the environmental effect on fatty acids of seed oil for seventeen soybean genotypes with normal and modified fatty acid profiles. Stability coefficients (b values) were calculated from the regression of fatty acid level on average temperature over the final 30 d of the reproductive period across 10 environments. Mid‐oleic acid genotypes were generally less stable for oleic acid content than genotypes with reduced oleic acid. Significant differences, however, were found for oleic acid stability among mid‐oleic acid genotypes. Mid‐oleic acid lines N98–4445A and N97–3363–4 were the most unstable among the 17 genotypes with stability coefficients of 3.28 and 2.53, respectively. However, the higher oleic acid line M23 was relatively stable in oleic acid with a stability coefficient of 0.13 over environments. IA 3017 at 10 g kg−1 was the most stable in linolenic acid content across environments while progressively higher linolenic acid genotypes were less stable. Soybean lines similar to M23 and IA 3017 will be essential to develop increased oleic acid and reduced linolenic acid cultivars to ensure consistent production of soybean oil with the desired fatty acid levels.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Oliva, M. L. and Shannon, J. G. and Sleper, D. A. and Ellersieck, M. R. and Cardinal, A. J. and Paris, R. L. and Lee, J. D.}, year={2006}, pages={2069–2075} }
 @article{cardinal_lee_2005, title={Genetic relationships between resistance to stalk-tunneling by the European corn borer and cell-wall components in maize population B73xB52}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-004-1831-5}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to assess the relationships among quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected for European corn borer (ECB) tunneling and cell-wall components (CWC) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content in leaf-sheath and stalk tissues in a maize recombinant inbred line population derived from inbred lines B73 and B52. Most of the QTL for ECB resistance (10/13) were at QTL positions for one or more CWC. Of the 12 QTL for NDF and ADF in leaf-sheaths, five for each trait were at or near QTL for ECB tunneling. Four of these five QTL for NDF and ADF mapped to common locations. Four of the eight leaf-sheath ADL QTL were detected in the same genomic regions as ECB QTL. For stalk tissue, four regions contained common/overlapping QTL for ECB tunneling, NDF, and ADF. Six such regions were observed for stalk ADL and ECB tunneling. Seven of the ten QTL associated with both CWC and ECB tunneling contributed to the negative correlations observed between these traits, while relatively few QTL effects were positively correlated. This suggests that while CWC contribute to ECB resistance in this population, other mechanisms and other genes also are involved. Several QTL contributing to the negative correlations between ECB tunneling and CWC in the leaf-sheaths mapped to similar positions as QTL detected in tropical maize populations for resistance to leaf-feeding by Diatraea grandiosella Dyar and Diatraea saccharalis Fabricus. These regions may contain genes involved in the synthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the leaf-blades and leaf-sheaths of maize.}, number={1}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Cardinal, AJ and Lee, M}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={1–7} }
 @article{cardinal_lee_moore_2003, title={Genetic mapping and analysis of quantitative trait loci affecting fiber and lignin content in maize}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-002-1136-5}, abstractNote={Plant cell walls of forage provide a major source of energy for ruminant animals. Digestion of cell walls is limited by the presence of lignin, therefore the improving the digestibility of forages by reducing lignin content is a major goal in forage crop breeding programs. A recombinant inbred line maize population was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of leaf-sheath and stalk tissues. All traits were positively genetically correlated. The larger genetic correlations were between NDF and ADF in sheaths (r = 0.84), NDF and ADF (r = 0.96), ADF and ADL (r = 0.83), and NDF and ADL (r = 0.76) in stalks. Twelve QTL were detected for NDF and 11 QTL for ADF in leaf-sheaths. Eight QTL detected for both traits were defined by the same or linked marker loci. Eight QTL were associated with leaf-sheath ADL. Eleven QTL were detected for NDF and ADF, and 12 QTL for ADL in stalks. Nine of eleven QTL detected for both NDF and ADF in stalks coincided in their genomic position. A high proportion of QTL detected for these traits had the same parental effects and genomic locations, suggesting that it is only necessary to select on one fiber component (NDF or ADF) to improve digestibility. Favorable correlated responses of unselected fiber components are expected due to coincident genomic locations of QTL and the high genetic correlation between fiber components. Several QTL detected in this study coincided in their positions with putative cellulose synthase genes from maize.}, number={5}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Cardinal, AJ and Lee, M and Moore, KJ}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={866–874} }