@article{hall_baillie_hunt_catterall_wolfe_decloedt_taylor_wissing_2022, title={Practical Tips for Setting Up and Running OSCEs}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1943-7218"]}, DOI={10.3138/jvme-2022-0003}, abstractNote={ Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are used to assess students’ skills on a variety of tasks using live animals, models, cadaver tissue, and simulated clients. OSCEs can be used to provide formative feedback, or they can be summative, impacting progression decisions. OSCEs can also drive student motivation to engage with clinical skill development and mastery in preparation for clinical placements and rotations. This teaching tip discusses top tips for running an OSCE for veterinary and veterinary nursing/technician students as written by an international group of authors experienced with running OSCEs at a diverse set of institutions. These tips include tasks to perform prior to the OSCE, on the day of the examination, and after the examination and provide a comprehensive review of the requirements that OSCEs place on faculty, staff, students, facilities, and animals. These tips are meant to assist those who are already running OSCEs and wish to reassess their existing OSCE processes or intend to increase the number of OSCEs used across the curriculum, and for those who are planning to start using OSCEs at their institution. Incorporating OSCEs into a curriculum involves a significant commitment of resources, and this teaching tip aims to assist those responsible for delivering these assessments with improving their implementation and delivery. }, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION}, author={Hall, Emily J. and Baillie, Sarah and Hunt, Julie A. and Catterall, Alison J. and Wolfe, Lissann and Decloedt, Annelies and Taylor, Abi J. and Wissing, Sandra}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{stevens_royal_ferris_taylor_snyder_2019, title={Effect of a mindfulness exercise on stress in veterinary students performing surgery}, volume={48}, ISSN={0161-3499 1532-950X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13169}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13169}, abstractNote={AbstractObjectiveTo determine students' stress while performing surgery and evaluate the ability of a mindfulness intervention to reduce this stress.Study designQuasi‐experimental design.Sample populationEighteen fourth‐year DVM program students (n = 9 student/group).MethodsUtilizing a quasi‐experimental design, students were randomly assigned to a control or treatment group. The treatment group performed a 5‐minute breathing (mindfulness) exercise immediately prior to performing surgery. Each student provided 3 samples of saliva, at time 0, at 10 minutes before surgery, and at 10 minutes after surgery. Students' salivary cortisol and α‐amylase levels were compared between groups. Students' self‐reported mood measures were also correlated to levels of salivary biomarkers.ResultsCortisol and α‐amylase levels of students in both groups greatly exceeded normative reference groups (>90th percentile) prior to surgery and diminished to average levels (50th‐60th percentile) after surgery but did not differ between groups at any time point. Immediately prior to surgery when stress values were likely to peak, salivary α‐amylase levels decreased approximately 30 U/L units for students in the treatment group compared with an increase of approximately 10 U/L units for students in the control group. Students in the treatment group reported being more calm (mean [M] 2.67, SD 1.03, d = 0.75) and relaxed (M 2.33, SD 1.51, d = 0.90) than students in the control group (M 3.44, SD 1.01 and M 3.44, SD 0.88, respectively).ConclusionThis study provides some evidence that the mindfulness intervention temporarily decreased stress levels and improved students' sense of calmness and relaxation immediately before operating on a live animal.Clinical impactStudents who are experiencing less stress may be less likely to commit a medical error and negatively impact animal health. This study, the first of its kind in veterinary surgery, may serve as a model for related future studies.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Stevens, Brenda S. and Royal, Kenneth D. and Ferris, Kelli and Taylor, Abigail and Snyder, Amy M.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={360–366} }
 @article{lane_phillips_2004, title={A note on behavioural laterality in neonatal lambs}, volume={86}, ISSN={0168-1591}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2003.11.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.applanim.2003.11.015}, abstractNote={In some mammals behavioural laterality is influenced by the perinatal environment, through stress effects on brain lateralisation, and by gender through variation in testosterone secretion. Therefore, a study was conducted on 54 neonatal lambs to determine whether laterality existed at birth and whether litter size, which would be expected to relate to perinatal stress, or gender influenced laterality of locomotor, tail movement and lying behaviours. The lambs exhibited a normal distribution of laterality when: (1) stepping forward from a standing position, (2) lying, and (3) initial movements of the tail when suckling, during the first 24 h after birth. The gender of the individual and number of siblings had no effect on laterality in these behaviours.}, number={1-2}, journal={Applied Animal Behaviour Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lane, Abi and Phillips, Clive}, year={2004}, month={May}, pages={161–167} }