@article{steelman_nowell_velez_scott_2021, title={Pathways of Representation in Network Governance: Evidence from Multi-Jurisdictional Disasters}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1477-9803"]}, DOI={10.1093/jopart/muab004}, abstractNote={AbstractGovernance systems reconcile diverse interests to enable collective decision-making and action. Questions related to representation in the governance of networks are addressed in the literature; underexplored is the empirical variation in governance arrangements and pathways of representation. Complex, multi-jurisdictional disasters provide a robust theoretical and empirical context in which to investigate network governance pathways due to the tensions between democratic principles of representation and the need for timely, expert-informed response actions. In this article, we address three questions related to network governance, representation, and complex disasters: what governance structures allow for a representation of diverse interests? What governance structures provide a perception of voice to key affected parties? And where do we see variation in the kinds of structures that give voice to these entities? Using an inductive, grounded theory approach along with mixed methods that include case studies, interviews, and archival data in the form ICS 209 incident reports, we provide evidence from 10 of the most jurisdictionally complex wildfires that took place in 2017. In doing so, we introduce the distinction between macro and micro structures of network governance for understanding more precisely the pathways by which representation occurs and how representation functions in disaster networks. There is no singular normative goal when we think about network governance and representation in disasters; rather there are competing contingencies that emerge out of complex contexts. We propose four key propositions to guide further work in this arena.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND THEORY}, author={Steelman, Toddi and Nowell, Branda and Velez, Anne-Lise and Scott, Ryan}, year={2021}, month={Oct}, pages={723–739} }
 @article{velez_ngaruiya_ozkan_2021, title={At the Annex of Service and Higher Education A Multidisciplinary Assessment of the Role of Service Learning}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2157-0604"]}, DOI={10.18666/JNEL-2020-9649}, abstractNote={Competency-based education has received significant attention from education leaders, policy makers, and learning scholars in recent years. With courses to degree programs centered on this concept, the discourse has been fueled by renewed discussion on students’ ability to “master skills” in college. As strategies in teaching, learning, and higher education continue to evolve, we argue that service learning plays a critical role in this shift to competency-based education frameworks but that other important methods of teaching competencies are equally important. We conducted interviews with instructors and students in a wide array of academic disciplines, as well as organizational leaders in various nonprofit sectors. Sampling diversity helps capture the range of perspectives around service learning and competency development. This research has important implications for instructors and faculty seeking best practices in designing service-learning courses and for community partners engaging in service-learning relationships with educational institutions. Subscribe to JNEL}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT EDUCATION AND LEADERSHIP}, author={Velez, Anne-Lise and Ngaruiya, Katherine M. and Ozkan, Desen S.}, year={2021}, pages={80–98} }
 @article{velez_mccartha_2019, title={A framework for understanding how nonprofits shape our physical environment: Identifying allies in making spaces}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1542-7854"]}, DOI={10.1002/nml.21341}, abstractNote={Research exists on the role of nonprofits directly shaping open spaces and preserving elements of the built environment, but the larger landscape of nonprofits that directly and indirectly shape the larger physical environment is less well understood. Although legislation exists to help protect and preserve natural spaces, nonprofits play a crucial role in carrying out work to protect and shape the natural and built components of the physical environment. Furthermore, nonprofit work that shapes public spaces is, by default, an attempt to reshape social environments and values through interventions in the physical environment. This is particularly important as the relationship between the physical environment and societal outcomes related to public health, human behavior, and sustainability is clear. Using past research by the authors, a review of related literature, and a localized case study, we refine a theoretical framework to better describe and understand the breadth of nonprofits that are shaping the physical environment. In doing so, we create a tool to help nonprofit managers identify and better engage allied stakeholders.}, number={3}, journal={NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP}, author={Velez, Anne-Lise K. and McCartha, Emily B.}, year={2019}, pages={419–435} }
 @article{velez_diaz_wall_2017, title={Public information seeking, place-based risk messaging and wildfire preparedness in southern California}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1448-5516"]}, DOI={10.1071/wf16219}, abstractNote={Southern California is a challenging environment for managing and adapting to wildland–urban interface fires. Previous research shows risk perception and information seeking are related and that public information dissemination influences locally specific risk perception and preparedness actions. Here, we examine relationships between residents’ wildfire knowledge and experience, readiness actions and media choice to determine how to integrate preparedness information and the recently developed Santa Ana Wildfire Threat Index into public information. Based on frequencies, means tests and correlations, we find television most frequently used for both daily news and wildfire information and that most people intend to seek information from the same sources in future fires. Wildfire knowledge, experience and past preparedness actions influence the number of sources from which respondents report seeking information. We note significant geographic differences in information sources used before and during wildfire, with higher percentages of residents in more rural areas relying on television, radio, Reverse 911, and friends and family for information during a wildfire. Findings support previous research results indicating sources considered trustworthy are not always considered the most up-to-date. Our findings support other empirical research recommending a multimedia, two-way communication model for event-based and readiness information supplemented with one-way sources like television.}, number={6}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE}, author={Velez, Anne-Lise K. and Diaz, John M. and Wall, Tamara U.}, year={2017}, pages={469–477} }
 @article{nowell_steelman_velez_yang_2018, title={The Structure of Effective Governance of Disaster Response Networks: Insights From the Field}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1552-3357"]}, DOI={10.1177/0275074017724225}, abstractNote={There is significant debate about the appropriate governance structure in a disaster response. Complex disasters exhibit both networked and hierarchical characteristics. One challenge in the field of disaster management is how to structure a response that reconciles the need for centralized coordination among varied responders while retaining flexibility to mutually adjust operations to quickly changing conditions. A key question with both practical and theoretical relevance is, “are there patterns of relationships that are more robust, efficient and effective?” Missing from the current literature is empirical evidence and theory building concerning what actual network structures and characteristics might be associated with effective incident response to complex disasters. In this article, we collected network cognition data from 25 elite, Type 1 Incident Commanders to construct an ideal-type theoretical social network of an effective incident response network. We then analyzed this model to identify a set of propositions concerning the network structure and governance of effective incident response relative to four key network capabilities: (a) rapid adaptation in response to changing conditions, (b) management of distributed information, (c) bilateral coordination, and (d) emergent collective action. Our data suggest that the structure is neither highly integrated nor rigidly centralized. Rather, it is best characterized as a moderate core–periphery structure. Greater theoretical clarity concerning the capabilities associated with this structure is critical for advancing both research and practice in network governance of complex disasters.}, number={7}, journal={AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION}, author={Nowell, Branda and Steelman, Toddi and Velez, Anne-Lise K. and Yang, Zheng}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={699–715} }
 @article{faas_velez_fitzgerald_nowell_steelman_2017, title={Patterns of preference and practice: bridging actors in wildfire response networks in the American Northwest}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1467-7717"]}, DOI={10.1111/disa.12211}, abstractNote={The roles of bridging actors in emergency response networks can be important to disaster response outcomes. This paper is based on an evaluation of wildfire preparedness and response networks in 21 large‐scale wildfire events in the wildland—urban interface near national forests in the American Northwest. The study investigated how key individuals in responder networks anticipated seeking out specific people in perceived bridging roles prior to the occurrence of wildfires, and then captured who in fact assumed these roles during actual large‐scale events. It examines two plausible, but contradictory, bodies of theory—similarity and dissimilarity—that suggest who people might seek out as bridgers and who they would really go to during a disaster. Roughly one‐half of all pre‐fire nominations were consistent with similarity. Yet, while similarity is a reliable indicator of how people expect to organise, it does not hold up for how they organise during the real incident.}, number={3}, journal={DISASTERS}, author={Faas, A. J. and Velez, Anne-Lise K. and FitzGerald, Clare and Nowell, Branda L. and Steelman, Toddi A.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={527–548} }
 @article{ngaruiya_velez_clerkin_taylor_2014, title={Public Service Motivation and Institutional-Occupational Motivations Among Undergraduate Students and ROTC Cadets}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1945-7421"]}, DOI={10.1177/0091026014530270}, abstractNote={ Given the current fiscal climate, budgetary pressures may have important implications for recruitment and retention of military personnel. In response to this issue, we join two literatures to study motivational differences in undergraduate college students and Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets: Moskos’ Institutional and Occupational (I-O) enlistment motivation model and Kim et al.’s revised Public Service Motivation (PSM) scale. We survey ROTC cadets and undergraduates at a mid-size public university and find that PSM is higher for ROTC cadets than regular undergraduates. We also find that for ROTC cadets, the institutional motivators for enlistment correlate positively with the rational, normative, and affective dimensions of PSM. In addition, we find increases in the Occupational motivator and the compassion PSM dimension reduce the likelihood of being an ROTC cadet whereas the Institutional motivator and the self-sacrifice PSM dimension are positively related with being an ROTC cadet. }, number={4}, journal={PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT}, author={Ngaruiya, Katherine M. and Velez, Anne-Lise Knox and Clerkin, Richard M. and Taylor, Jami Kathleen}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={442–458} }
 @article{steelman_mccaffrey_velez_briefel_2015, title={What information do people use, trust, and find useful during a disaster? Evidence from five large wildfires}, volume={76}, ISSN={["1573-0840"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11069-014-1512-x}, number={1}, journal={NATURAL HAZARDS}, author={Steelman, Toddi A. and McCaffrey, Sarah M. and Velez, Anne-Lise Knox and Briefel, Jason Alexander}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={615–634} }
 @article{taylor_clerkin_ngaruiya_velez_2015, title={An Exploratory Study of Public Service Motivation and the Institutional-Occupational Model of the Military}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1556-0848"]}, DOI={10.1177/0095327x13489119}, abstractNote={ This article empirically connects Moskos’ Institutional–Occupational model to the large body of cross-nationally validated research on public service motivation (PSM). We find that in our sample, the PSM construct is positively correlated with institutional motivations that reflect Moskos’ insights. We also find evidence that the four dimensions of PSM (Attraction to Public Participation, Commitment to Public Values, Self-sacrifice, and Compassion) may offer a more nuanced way to assess institutional motivations. Our research suggests that those interested in military recruitment/retention/performance and public administration scholars may have much to learn from each other. We call for further research in this area. }, number={1}, journal={ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY}, author={Taylor, Jami K. and Clerkin, Richard M. and Ngaruiya, Katherine M. and Velez, Anne-Lise Knox}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={142–162} }