@article{vail_grafsgaard_boyer_wiebe_lester_2016, title={Predicting Learning from Student Affective Response to Tutor Questions}, volume={9684}, ISBN={["978-3-319-39582-1"]}, ISSN={["1611-3349"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-39583-8_15}, abstractNote={Modeling student learning during tutorial interaction is a central problem in intelligent tutoring systems. While many modeling techniques have been developed to address this problem, most of them focus on cognitive models in conjunction with often-complex domain models. This paper presents an analysis suggesting that observing students’ multimodal behaviors may provide deep insight into student learning at critical moments in a tutorial session. In particular, this work examines student facial expression, electrodermal activity, posture, and gesture immediately following inference questions posed by human tutors. The findings show that for human-human task-oriented tutorial dialogue, facial expression and skin conductance response following tutor inference questions are highly predictive of student learning gains. These findings suggest that with multimodal behavior data, intelligent tutoring systems can make more informed adaptive decisions to support students effectively.}, journal={INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, ITS 2016}, author={Vail, Alexandria K. and Grafsgaard, Joseph F. and Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth and Wiebe, Eric N. and Lester, James C.}, year={2016}, pages={154–164} }
 @inproceedings{vail_boyer_wiebe_lester_2015, title={The Mars and Venus effect: The influence of user gender on the effectiveness of adaptive task support}, volume={9146}, booktitle={User modeling, adaptation and personalization}, author={Vail, A. K. and Boyer, K. E. and Wiebe, E. N. and Lester, J. C.}, year={2015}, pages={265–276} }
 @inproceedings{vail_boyer_2014, title={Identifying effective moves in tutoring: On the refinement of dialogue act annotation schemes}, volume={8474}, booktitle={Intelligent tutoring systems, its 2014}, author={Vail, A. K. and Boyer, K. E.}, year={2014}, pages={199–209} }