@article{dye_muga_mwangi_hoyer_ly_rosado_sharpee_mware_wambugu_labadie_et al._2023, title={Cassava begomovirus species diversity changes during plant vegetative cycles}, volume={14}, ISSN={1664-302X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163566}, DOI={10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163566}, abstractNote={Cassava is a root crop important for global food security and the third biggest source of calories on the African continent. Cassava production is threatened by Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which is caused by a complex of single-stranded DNA viruses (family: Geminiviridae, genus: Begomovirus) that are transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Understanding the dynamics of different cassava mosaic begomovirus (CMB) species through time is important for contextualizing disease trends. Cassava plants with CMD symptoms were sampled in Lake Victoria and coastal regions of Kenya before transfer to a greenhouse setting and regular propagation. The field-collected and greenhouse samples were sequenced using Illumina short-read sequencing and analyzed on the Galaxy platform. In the field-collected samples, African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus (EACMKV), and East African cassava mosaic virus-Uganda variant (EACMV-Ug) were detected in samples from the Lake Victoria region, while EACMV and East African mosaic Zanzibar virus (EACMZV) were found in the coastal region. Many of the field-collected samples had mixed infections of EACMV and another begomovirus. After 3 years of regrowth in the greenhouse, only EACMV-like viruses were detected in all samples. The results suggest that in these samples, EACMV becomes the dominant virus through vegetative propagation in a greenhouse. This differed from whitefly transmission results. Cassava plants were inoculated with ACMV and another EACMV-like virus, East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV). Only ACMV was transmitted by whiteflies from these plants to recipient plants, as indicated by sequencing reads and copy number data. These results suggest that whitefly transmission and vegetative transmission lead to different outcomes for ACMV and EACMV-like viruses.}, journal={Frontiers in Microbiology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Dye, Anna E. and Muga, Brenda and Mwangi, Jenniffer and Hoyer, J. Steen and Ly, Vanessa and Rosado, Yamilex and Sharpee, William and Mware, Benard and Wambugu, Mary and Labadie, Paul and et al.}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{kennedy_sharpee_jacobson_wambugu_mware_hanley-bowdoin_2023, title={Genome segment ratios change during whitefly transmission of two bipartite cassava mosaic begomoviruses}, volume={13}, ISSN={2045-2322}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37278-8}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-023-37278-8}, abstractNote={AbstractCassava mosaic disease is caused by a complex of whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses, which often occur in co-infections. These viruses have bipartite genomes consisting of DNA-A and DNA-B that are encapsidated into separate virions. Individual viruses exist in plants and whitefly vectors as populations comprising both genome segments, which can occur at different frequencies. Both segments are required for infection, and must be transmitted for virus spread to occur. Cassava plants infected with African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and/or East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV), in which the ratios of DNA-A:DNA-B titers differed between plants, were used to examine how titers of the segments in a plant relate to their respective probabilities of acquisition by whiteflies and to the titers of each segment acquired and subsequently transmitted by whiteflies. The probabilities of acquiring each segment of ACMV did not reflect their relative titers in the source plant but they did for EACMCV. However, for both viruses, DNA-A:DNA-B ratios acquired by whiteflies differed from those in the source plant and the ratios transmitted by the whitefly did not differ from one – the ratio at which the highest probability of transmitting both segments is expected.}, number={1}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kennedy, George G. and Sharpee, William and Jacobson, Alana L. and Wambugu, Mary and Mware, Benard and Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{catto_labadie_jacobson_kennedy_srinivasan_hunt_2023, title={Pest status, molecular evolution, and epigenetic factors derived from the genome assembly of Frankliniella fusca, a thysanopteran phytovirus vector}, volume={24}, ISSN={1471-2164}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09375-5}, DOI={10.1186/s12864-023-09375-5}, abstractNote={Abstract
                Background
                The tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds; family Thripidae; order Thysanoptera) is an important pest that can transmit viruses such as the tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus to numerous economically important agricultural row crops and vegetables. The structural and functional genomics within the order Thysanoptera has only begun to be explored. Within the > 7000 known thysanopteran species, the melon thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) and the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergrande) are the only two thysanopteran species with assembled genomes.
              
                Results
                A genome of F. fusca was assembled by long-read sequencing of DNA from an inbred line. The final assembly size was 370 Mb with a single copy ortholog completeness of ~ 99% with respect to Insecta. The annotated genome of F. fusca was compared with the genome of its congener, F. occidentalis. Results revealed many instances of lineage-specific differences in gene content. Analyses of sequence divergence between the two Frankliniella species’ genomes revealed substitution patterns consistent with positive selection in ~ 5% of the protein-coding genes with 1:1 orthologs. Further, gene content related to its pest status, such as xenobiotic detoxification and response to an ambisense-tripartite RNA virus (orthotospovirus) infection was compared with F. occidentalis. Several F. fusca genes related to virus infection possessed signatures of positive selection. Estimation of CpG depletion, a mutational consequence of DNA methylation, revealed that F. fusca genes that were downregulated and alternatively spliced in response to virus infection were preferentially targeted by DNA methylation. As in many other insects, DNA methylation was enriched in exons in Frankliniella, but gene copies with homology to DNA methyltransferase 3 were numerous and fragmented. This phenomenon seems to be relatively unique to thrips among other insect groups.
              
                Conclusions
                The F. fusca genome assembly provides an important resource for comparative genomic analyses of thysanopterans. This genomic foundation allows for insights into molecular evolution, gene regulation, and loci important to agricultural pest status.
              }, number={1}, journal={BMC Genomics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Catto, Michael A. and Labadie, Paul E. and Jacobson, Alana L. and Kennedy, George G. and Srinivasan, Rajagopalbabu and Hunt, Brendan G.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{mahas_mahas_ray_kesheimer_steury_conzemius_crow_gore_greene jk,_kennedy_et al._2023, title={The spatiotemporal distribution, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of cotton-infesting aphids in the southern US}, volume={14}, ISSN={2075-4450}, DOI={10.3390/insects14070639}, abstractNote={Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an emerging aphid-borne pathogen infecting cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the southern United States (U.S.). The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, infests cotton annually and is the only known vector to transmit CLRDV to cotton. Seven other species have been reported to feed on, but not often infest, cotton: Protaphis middletonii Thomas, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, Myzus persicae Sulzer, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale Sasaki, and Smynthurodes betae Westwood. These seven have not been studied in cotton, but due to their potential epidemiological importance, an understanding of the intra- and inter-annual variations of these species is needed. In 2020 and 2021, aphids were monitored from North Carolina to Texas using pan traps around cotton fields. All of the species known to infest cotton, excluding A. fabae, were detected in this study. Protaphis middletonii and A. gossypii were the most abundant species identified. The five other species of aphids captured were consistently low throughout the study and, with the exception of R. rufiabdominale, were not detected at all locations. The abundance, distribution, and seasonal dynamics of cotton-infesting aphids across the southern U.S. are discussed.}, number={7}, journal={Insects}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Mahas, J.W. and Mahas, J.B. and Ray, C. and Kesheimer, A. and Steury, T.D. and Conzemius, S.R. and Crow, W. and Gore, J. and Greene JK,, J.K. and Kennedy, G.G. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Feb}, pages={639} }
 @article{uyi_lahiri_ni_buntin_jacobson_reay-jones_punnuri_huseth_toews_2022, title={Host plant resistance, foliar insecticide application and natural enemies play a role in the management of Melanaphis sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in grain sorghum}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1664-462X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2022.1006225}, abstractNote={The invasive Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald; =Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) is a serious pest of sorghum production in the southern USA. Demonstration of technologies that provide effective control is key to management of this pest. Here, we investigated the effect of host plant resistance (resistant cultivar: DKS37-07 and susceptible cultivar: DKS53-53) and a single foliar insecticide (flupyradifurone: Sivanto Prime) application on M. sorghi infestations and the role of natural enemy populations in grain sorghum production across five locations in four states in southeastern USA. Foliar insecticide application significantly suppressed M. sorghi infestations on both the resistant and susceptible sorghum cultivars across all locations. Planting the host plant resistant cultivar (DKS37-07) significantly reduced aphid infestation across all locations. Plant damage ratings did not vary widely, but there was generally a positive association between aphid counts and observed plant damage, suggesting that increasing aphid numbers resulted in corresponding increase in plant damage. Planting a host plant resistant cultivar and foliar insecticide application generally preserved grain yield. Both sorghum hybrids supported an array of different life stages of natural enemies (predators [lady beetle larvae and adults; hoverfly larvae and lacewing larvae] and parasitoids [a braconid and aphelinid]) for both the sprayed and non-sprayed treatments. We found a strong and significant positive relationship between the natural enemies and the M. sorghi infestation. Results suggest that planting a host plant resistant cultivar and the integration of natural enemies with insecticide control methods in the management of M. sorghi is central to the development of an effective pest management strategy against this invasive pest.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Uyi, Osariyekemwen and Lahiri, Sriyanka and Ni, Xinzhi and Buntin, David and Jacobson, Alana and Reay-Jones, Francis P. F. and Punnuri, Somashekhar and Huseth, Anders S. and Toews, Michael D.}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{mahas_steury_huseth_rogers_jacobson_2022, title={Imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii populations are more common in cotton-dominated landscapes}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1526-4998"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7274}, DOI={10.1002/ps.7274}, abstractNote={AbstractBACKGROUNDWidespread reports of reduced efficacy of imidacloprid for managing cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) prompted an investigation to characterize the susceptibility of 43 populations over a 2‐year period. The susceptibility of A. gossypii populations to imidacloprid was examined by calculating LC50 values. Further analyses related resistance assay results to a gradient of cotton production intensity.RESULTSConcentration‐mortality bioassays documencted populations that were 4.26–607.16 times more resistant than the susceptible laboratory population. There was a significant positive relationship between LC50 values and percentage of cotton within 2.5‐ and 5‐km buffers surrounding collection sites. No significant relationship was detected between LC50 values and the percentage of alternative crop and noncrop hosts.CONCLUSIONVariable and high levels of resistance were detected in A. gossypii populations, and this variation was positively associated with cotton production intensity. Cotton is a host that may receive multiple applications of neonicotinoids (via seed treatment and foliar sprays) annually for seedling and mid‐season pests. Rotating modes of action and limiting insecticide use should be implemented to delay the evolution of insecticide resistance in A. gossypii populations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.}, journal={PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE}, author={Mahas, John W. and Steury, Todd D. and Huseth, Anders S. and Rogers, Stephanie R and Jacobson, Alana L.}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{dorman_taylor_malone_roberts_greene_reisig_smith_jacobson_reay-jones_paula-moraes_et al._2022, title={Sampling Optimization and Crop Interface Effects on Lygus lineolaris Populations in Southeastern USA Cotton}, volume={13}, ISSN={2075-4450}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010088}, DOI={10.3390/insects13010088}, abstractNote={Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), is an economically damaging pest in cotton production systems across the southern United States. We systematically scouted 120 commercial cotton fields across five southeastern states during susceptible growth stages in 2019 and 2020 to investigate sampling optimization and the effect of interface crop and landscape composition on L. lineolaris abundance. Variance component analysis determined field and within-field spatial scales, compared with agricultural district and state, accounted for more variation in L. lineolaris density using sweep net and drop cloth sampling. This result highlights the importance of field-level scouting efforts. Using within-field samples, a fixed-precision sampling plan determined 8 and 23 sampling units were needed to determine L. lineolaris population estimates with 0.25 precision for sweep net (100 sweeps per unit) and drop cloth (1.5 row-m per unit) sampling, respectively. A spatial Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to determine local landscape (<0.5 km from field edges) effects on L. lineolaris in cotton. The proportion of agricultural area and double-crop wheat and soybeans were positively associated with L. lineolaris density, and fields with more contiguous cotton areas negatively predicted L. lineolaris populations. These results will improve L. lineolaris monitoring programs and treatment management decisions in southeastern USA cotton.}, number={1}, journal={Insects}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Dorman, Seth J. and Taylor, Sally V. and Malone, Sean and Roberts, Phillip M. and Greene, Jeremy K. and Reisig, Dominic D. and Smith, Ronald H. and Jacobson, Alana L. and Reay-Jones, Francis P. F. and Paula-Moraes, Silvana and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={88} }
 @article{mclaughlin_hanley-bowdoin_kennedy_jacobson_2022, title={Vector acquisition and co-inoculation of two plant viruses influences transmission, infection, and replication in new hosts}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-022-24880-5}, abstractNote={AbstractThis study investigated the role of vector acquisition and transmission on the propagation of single and co-infections of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV,) and tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) (Family: Geminiviridae, Genus: Begomovirus) by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Gennadius) in tomato. The aim of this research was to determine if the manner in which viruses are co-acquired and co-transmitted changes the probability of acquisition, transmission and new host infections. Whiteflies acquired virus by feeding on singly infected plants, co-infected plants, or by sequential feeding on singly infected plants. Viral titers were also quantified by qPCR in vector cohorts, in artificial diet, and plants after exposure to viruliferous vectors. Differences in transmission, infection status of plants, and titers of TYLCV and ToMoV were observed among treatments. All vector cohorts acquired both viruses, but co-acquisition/co-inoculation generally reduced transmission of both viruses as single and mixed infections. Co-inoculation of viruses by the vector also altered virus accumulation in plants regardless of whether one or both viruses were propagated in new hosts. These findings highlight the complex nature of vector-virus-plant interactions that influence the spread and replication of viruses as single and co-infections.
}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={McLaughlin, Autumn A. and Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda and Kennedy, George G. and Jacobson, Alana L.}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{aimone_lavington_hoyer_deppong_mickelson-young_jacobson_kennedy_carbone_hanley-bowdoin_duffy_2021, title={Population diversity of cassava mosaic begomoviruses increases over the course of serial vegetative propagation}, volume={102}, ISSN={0022-1317 1465-2099}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001622}, DOI={10.1099/jgv.0.001622}, abstractNote={Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) represents a serious threat to cassava, a major root crop for more than 300 million Africans. CMD is caused by single-stranded DNA begomoviruses that evolve rapidly, making it challenging to develop durable disease resistance. In addition to the evolutionary forces of mutation, recombination and reassortment, factors such as climate, agriculture practices and the presence of DNA satellites may impact viral diversity. To gain insight into the factors that alter and shape viral diversity in planta, we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the accumulation of nucleotide diversity after inoculation of infectious clones corresponding to African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV) in the susceptible cassava landrace Kibandameno. We found that vegetative propagation had a significant effect on viral nucleotide diversity, while temperature and a satellite DNA did not have measurable impacts in our study. EACMCV diversity increased linearly with the number of vegetative propagation passages, while ACMV diversity increased for a time and then decreased in later passages. We observed a substitution bias toward C→T and G→A for mutations in the viral genomes consistent with field isolates. Non-coding regions excluding the promoter regions of genes showed the highest levels of nucleotide diversity for each genome component. Changes in the 5′ intergenic region of DNA-A resembled the sequence of the cognate DNA-B sequence. The majority of nucleotide changes in coding regions were non-synonymous, most with predicted deleterious effects on protein structure, indicative of relaxed selection pressure over six vegetative passages. Overall, these results underscore the importance of knowing how cropping practices affect viral evolution and disease progression.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of General Virology}, publisher={Microbiology Society}, author={Aimone, Catherine D. and Lavington, Erik and Hoyer, J. Steen and Deppong, David O. and Mickelson-Young, Leigh and Jacobson, Alana and Kennedy, George G. and Carbone, Ignazio and Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda and Duffy, Siobain}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{thiessen_schappe_zaccaron_conner_koebernick_jacobson_huseth_2020, title={First Report of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus in Cotton Plants Affected by Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Disease in North Carolina}, volume={104}, ISSN={0191-2917 1943-7692}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0335-PDN}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0335-PDN}, abstractNote={HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 12First Report of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus in Cotton Plants Affected by Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Disease in North Carolina PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus in Cotton Plants Affected by Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Disease in North CarolinaLindsey D. Thiessen, Tyler Schappe, Marcio Zaccaron, Kassie Conner, Jenny Koebernick, Alana Jacobson, and Anders HusethLindsey D. Thiessen†Corresponding author: L. D Thiessen; E-mail Address: ldthiess@ncsu.eduhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-0139North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695Search for more papers by this author, Tyler SchappeNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695Search for more papers by this author, Marcio ZaccaronAuburn University, Auburn, AL 36849Search for more papers by this author, Kassie ConnerAlabama Cooperative Extension System, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849Search for more papers by this author, Jenny KoebernickAuburn University, Auburn, AL 36849Search for more papers by this author, Alana JacobsonAuburn University, Auburn, AL 36849Search for more papers by this author, and Anders HusethNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695Search for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Lindsey D. Thiessen1 † Tyler Schappe1 Marcio Zaccaron2 Kassie Conner3 Jenny Koebernick2 Alana Jacobson2 Anders Huseth1 1North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 2Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 3Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 Published Online:8 Oct 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0335-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleDuring the 2019 growing season, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants in North Carolina were observed to have virus-like symptoms including leaf rugosity, leaf curling, and shortened upper internodes, consistent with cotton leafroll dwarf disease (CLRDD) associated with cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV, family Luteoviridae, genus Polerovirus) (Avelar et al. 2020). Sentinel plots planted on June 17, 2019, at the Sandhills Research Station in Moore County, NC, exhibited CLRDD symptoms, and disease incidence was estimated at 75% on a 0.1-ha field. Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover), the reported vector of CLRDV (Heilsnis et al. 2020; McLaughlin et al. 2020; Michelotto and Busoli 2007), were detected on plants throughout the growing season. Samples (n = 24) were collected from sentinel plots on September 20, 2019, to test for CLRDV through reverse transcription PCR. Each sample represented five symptomatic plants collected from a single plot. Total RNA was extracted from the petiole tissue of each sample using a Qiagen RNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD), following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The cDNA was synthesized using a SuperScript IV first-strand synthesis system (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and amplified with CLRDV-specific PCR primers CLRDV3675F/Pol3982R (Sharman et al. 2015) targeting a 310-bp genome segment of ORF3-5. Seven CLRDV-positive samples were further amplified with two additional primer sets specifically designed to detect CLRDV: AL674F/AL1407R (Avelar et al. 2019), targeting a 733-bp portion of the ORF0-ORF1, and CLPOF/CLPOR (Cascardo et al. 2015), amplifying an 880-bp fragment spanning the ORF0. Nucleotide BLAST searches showed that the best matches for all sequences in this study were derived from CLRDV with a range of pairwise identity of 99.2 to 100% for all genome segments. From symptomatic samples (n = 14), the isolated virus was confirmed as CLRDV in several cotton varieties, including Deltapine 1646 B2XF (GenBank accessions MN958131 [ORF3-5], MN958147 [ORF0-ORF1], MN958138 [ORF0], MN958133 [ORF3-5], MN958145 [ORF0-ORF1], and MN958140 [ORF0]), Phytogen 480 W3FE (MN958134 [ORF3-5], MN958144 [ORF0-ORF1], and MN958141 [ORF0]), Stoneville 5471 GLTP (MN958135 [ORF3-5], MN958143 [ORF0-ORF1], and MN958142 [ORF0]), and Nextgen 5711 B3XF (MN958130 [ORF3-5], MN958148 [ORF0-ORF1], MN958137 [ORF0], MN958132 [ORF3-5], MN958146 [ORF0-ORF1], MN958139 [ORF0], and MN958136 [ORF3-5]). CLRDD is a newly named disease of cotton in the United States that was first reported in Alabama (Avelar et al. 2019), Georgia (Tabassum et. al. 2019), Mississippi (Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic et. al. 2019), and Texas (Alabi et al. 2020). Although the virus has been reported with variable impacts, losses can be extensive in some fields that are affected (Avelar et al. 2019). North Carolina produced over one million bales of cotton in 2019, and given reported losses among fields with high disease incidence, CLRDV has the potential to significantly reduce cotton yield and quality for the state if it becomes widespread.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, N., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:1798. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-19-0017-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarAlabi, O. J., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:998. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-2008-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarAvelar, S., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:592. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1550-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarAvelar, S., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:780. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1316-RE Link, ISI, Google ScholarCascardo, R. S., et al. 2015. Virol. J. 12:123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-015-0356-7 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHeilsnis, B., et al. 2020. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf., Austin, TX. Google ScholarMcLaughlin, A. K., et al. 2020. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf., Austin, TX. Google ScholarMichelotto, M. D., and Busoli, A. C. 2007. Campinas 66:441. Google ScholarSharman, M., et al. 2015. Australas. Plant Dis. Notes 10:24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13314-015-0174-1 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTabassum, A., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:1803. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-18-2197-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 12 December 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionUredinia of Phragmidium violaceum on European blackberry (K. J. Evans et al.). Photo credit: L. Morin. Strawberry fruit rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (M. V. Marin and N. A. Peres). Photo credit: M. V. Marin. Metrics Downloaded 897 times Article History Issue Date: 1 Dec 2020Published: 8 Oct 2020First Look: 26 Jun 2020Accepted: 23 Jun 2020 Page: 3275 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordscotton leafroll dwarf viruscottonCLRDVviruses and viroidsThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited ByInvestigating the effects of planting date and Aphis gossypii management on reducing the final incidence of cotton leafroll dwarf virusCrop Protection, Vol. 158Complete Genome Sequence of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus Infecting Cotton in Oklahoma, USAMicrobiology Resource Announcements, Vol. 11, No. 7First Report of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus Infecting Hibiscus syriacus in South KoreaDavaajargal Igori, Ah-Young Shin, Se Eun Kim, Suk-Yoon Kwon, and Jae Sun Moon5 February 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. jaCotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus US Genomes Comprise Divergent Subpopulations and Harbor Extensive Variability5 November 2021 | Viruses, Vol. 13, No. 11Effect of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus on Physiological Processes and Yield of Individual Cotton Plants1 October 2021 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 12Genome analysis of cotton leafroll dwarf virus reveals variability in the silencing suppressor protein, genotypes and genomic recombinants in the USA7 July 2021 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 16, No. 7Natural host range, incidence on overwintering cotton and diversity of cotton leafroll dwarf virus in Georgia USACrop Protection, Vol. 144}, number={12}, journal={Plant Disease}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Thiessen, Lindsey D. and Schappe, Tyler and Zaccaron, Marcio and Conner, Kassie and Koebernick, Jenny and Jacobson, Alana and Huseth, Anders}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={3275} }
 @article{linak_jacobson_sit_kennedy_2020, title={Relationships of virus titers and transmission rates among sympatric and allopatric virus isolates and thrips vectors support local adaptation}, volume={10}, ISSN={2045-2322}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64507-1}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-020-64507-1}, abstractNote={AbstractPlant viruses rely on insect vectors for transmission among plant hosts, but many of the specifics of virus-vector interactions are not fully understood. Thrips tabaci, which transmits Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in a persistent and propagative manner, varies greatly in its ability to transmit different isolates of TSWV. Similarly, TSWV isolates are transmitted at different efficiencies by different populations of T. tabaci. This study characterizes differences in virus titers in the vector among TSWV isolate-T. tabaci isoline pairings in relation to differences in transmission rates, and demonstrates that although transmission rates were higher for sympatric than allopatric TSWV isolate-T. tabaci isoline pairings, virus titers in the thrips vector were significantly lower in the sympatric pairings. Results further demonstrate that TSWV titers in the vector were unrelated to virus titers in the leaf tissue from which they acquired the virus and provide evidence for the importance of specific vector-virus interactions and local adaptation in determining transmission efficiency of TSWV by T. tabaci.}, number={1}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Linak, Jessica A. and Jacobson, Alana L. and Sit, Tim L. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{jacobson_nault_vargo_kennedy_2016, title={Restricted Gene Flow among Lineages of Thrips tabaci Supports Genetic Divergence Among Cryptic Species Groups}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0163882}, abstractNote={Knowledge of the relative influence of population- versus species-level genetic variation is important to understand patterns of phenotypic variation and ecological relationships that exist among and within morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species and subspecies. In the case of cryptic species groups that are pests, such knowledge is also essential for devising effective population management strategies. The globally important crop pest Thrips tabaci is a taxonomically difficult group of putatively cryptic species. This study examines population genetic structure of T. tabaci and reproductive isolation among lineages of this species complex using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial COI sequences. Overall, genetic structure supports T. tabaci as a cryptic species complex, although limited interbreeding occurs between different clonal groups from the same lineage as well as between individuals from different lineages. These results also provide evidence that thelytoky and arrhenotoky are not fixed phenotypes among members of different T. tabaci lineages that have been generally associated with either reproductive mode. Possible biological and ecological factors contributing to these observations are discussed.}, number={9}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Jacobson, Alana L. and Nault, Brian A. and Vargo, Edward L. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={2016}, month={Sep} }
 @article{jacobson_kennedy_2013, title={Effect of cyantraniliprole on feeding behavior and virus transmission of Frankliniella fusca and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Capsicum annuum}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1873-6904"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2013.08.018}, abstractNote={The anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole was previously shown to reduce transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) to pepper, Capsicum annuum, by Frankliniella fusca but not Frankliniella occidentalis. This study examines the effects of cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid on thrips feeding using electrical penetration graphing (EPG), and on TSWV transmission in field cage studies. Some antifeedant responses were observed in the EPG studies when thrips fed on cyantraniliprole- and imidacloprid-treated plants; however, these responses were variable between species and among the 2, 6, and 10 day post-treatment time intervals during which feeding behavior was observed. Cyantraniliprole significantly reduced the probability of TSWV infection when spread by F. fusca in field-grown pepper when viruliferous thrips were released 7 days but not when released at 14 days after the insecticide treatment in one of 2 field trials. In the second trial cyantraniliprole significantly reduced the probability of infection when F. fusca were released 14 days but not 7 days after treatment. In both years, imidacloprid prevented or significantly reduced transmission of TSWV by F. fusca in field-grown pepper when viruliferous thrips were released 7 days and 14 after treatment. In one of two years, cyantraniliprole significantly reduced the incidence of TSWV in field-grown pepper that was spread by F. occidentalis when viruliferous thrips were released 7 days after the insecticide treatment, but not 14 days after the treatment. Imidacloprid did not reduce the incidence of TSWV in field-grown pepper when viruliferous F. occidentalis were released. Although these studies demonstrate that probing behavior of these thrips species is altered on cyantraniliprole-treated pepper plants, results of field cage studies did not consistently show a reduction in incidence of TSWV-infected plants.}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Jacobson, Alana L. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={251–258} }
 @article{jacobson_kennedy_2013, title={Electrical penetration graph studies to investigate the effects of cyantraniliprole on feeding behavior of <i>Myzus persicae}, volume={70}, ISSN={1526-498X 1526-4998}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3626}, DOI={10.1002/ps.3626}, abstractNote={AbstractBACKGROUNDThe anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole has been shown to suppress aphid and whitefly populations as well as reduce transmission of plant viruses by thrips and whiteflies when taken up systemically by the plant. In this study, electrical penetration graphing (EPG) was used to compare effects of cyantraniliprole on feeding behavior of Myzus persicae with those of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid applied as a soil drench to pepper plants two‐, six‐, and ten‐days post‐treatment.RESULTSSignificant reductions in the total amount of time spent probing, mean number of phloem feeding events, and mean number of intracellular punctures were observed on both cyantraniliprole‐ and imidacloprid‐treated plants, compared to aphids that fed on plants treated only with water. Imidacloprid treatment also caused a significant reduction in the total number of probes relative to the water treated control. The effects of cyantraniliprole were statistically significant only in assays conducted at ten‐days post‐treatment, whereas the effects of imidacloprid on aphid feeding were significant in assays conducted at two‐, six‐, and ten‐days post‐treatment.CONCLUSIONThese findings document significant effects of cyantraniliprole on feeding by Myzus persicae. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry}, number={5}, journal={Pest Management Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jacobson, Alana L. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={836–840} }
 @article{jacobson_kennedy_2013, title={Specific Insect-Virus Interactions Are Responsible for Variation in Competency of Different Thrips tabaci Isolines to Transmit Different Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Isolates}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0054567}, abstractNote={Local adaptation between sympatric host and parasite populations driven by vector genetics appears to be a factor that influences dynamics of disease epidemics and evolution of insect-vectored viruses. Although T. tabaci is the primary vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in some areas of the world, it is not an important vector of this economically important plant virus in many areas where it occurs. Previous studies suggest that genetic variation of thrips populations, virus isolates, or both are important factors underlying the localized importance of this species as a vector of TSWV. This study was undertaken to quantify variation in transmissibility of TSWV isolates by T. tabaci, in the ability of T. tabaci to transmit isolates of TSWV, and to examine the possibility that genetic interactions and local adaptation contribute to the localized nature of this species as a vector of TSWV. Isofemale lines of Thrips tabaci from multiple locations were tested for their ability to transmit multiple TSWV isolates collected at the same and different locations as the thrips. Results revealed that the probability of an isofemale line transmitting TSWV varied among virus isolates, and the probability of an isolate being transmitted varied among isofemale lines. These results indicate that the interaction of T. tabaci and TSWV isolate genetic determinants underlie successful transmission of TSWV by T. tabaci. Further analysis revealed sympatric vector-virus pairing resulted in higher transmission than allopatric pairing, which suggests that local adaptation is occurring between T. tabaci and TSWV isolates.}, number={1}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Jacobson, Alana L. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={2013}, month={Jan} }
 @article{jacobson_booth_vargo_kennedy_2013, title={Thrips tabaci Population Genetic Structure and Polyploidy in Relation to Competency as a Vector of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus}, volume={8}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054484}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0054484}, abstractNote={Knowledge of population-level genetic differences can help explain variation among populations of insect vectors in their role in the epidemiology of specific viruses. Variation in competency to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that exists among populations of Thrips tabaci has been associated with the presence of cryptic species that exhibit different modes of reproduction and host ranges. However, recent findings suggest that vector competency of T. tabaci at any given location depends on the thrips and virus populations that are present. This study characterizes the population genetic structure of T. tabaci collected from four locations in North Carolina and examines the relationship between population genetic structure and variation in TSWV transmission by T. tabaci. Mitochondrial COI sequence analysis revealed the presence of two genetically distinct groups with one characterized by thelytokous, parthenogenetic reproduction and the other by arrhenotokous, sexual reproduction. Using a set of 11 microsatellite markers that we developed to investigate T. tabaci population genetic structure, we identified 17 clonal groups and found significant genetic structuring among the four NC populations that corresponded to the geographic locations where the populations were collected. Application of microsatellite markers also led to the discovery of polyploidy in this species. All four populations contained tetraploid individuals, and three contained both diploid and tetraploid individuals. Analysis of variation in transmission ofTSWV among isofemale lines initiated with individuals used in this study revealed that ‘clone assignment,’ ‘virus isolate’ and their interaction significantly influenced vector competency. These results highlight the importance of interactions between specific T. tabaci clonal types and specific TSWV isolates underlying transmission of TSWV by T. tabaci.}, number={1}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Jacobson, Alana L. and Booth, Warren and Vargo, Edward L. and Kennedy, George G.}, editor={Belshaw, RobertEditor}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={e54484} }
 @article{jacobson_johnston_rotenberg_whitfield_booth_vargo_kennedy_2012, title={Genome size and ploidy of Thysanoptera}, volume={22}, ISSN={0962-1075}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01165.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01165.x}, abstractNote={AbstractFlow cytometry was used to study the genome sizes and ploidy levels for four thrips species: Franklinothrips orizabensis Johansen (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). F. orizabensis males and females had 1C genome sizes of 426 Mb and 422 Mb, respectively. Male and female F. fusca had 1C genome sizes of 392 Mb and 409 Mb, whereas F. occidentalis males and females had smaller 1C genomes that were 345 Mb and 337 Mb, respectively. Male F. orizabensis, F. occidentalis and F. fusca were haploid and females diploid. Five isofemale lines of T. tabaci, initiated from parthenogenetic, thelytokous females and collected from different locations in North Carolina, were included in this study; no males were available. One isofemale line was diploid with a genome size of 1C = 310 Mb, and the other four had a mean genome size of 1C = 482 Mb, which is consistent with evidence from microsatellite data of diploidy and polyploidy, respectively, in these same five thelytokous lines. This is the first study to produce genome size estimates for thysanopteran species, and report polyploidy in T. tabaci populations.}, number={1}, journal={Insect Molecular Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Jacobson, A. L. and Johnston, J. S. and Rotenberg, D. and Whitfield, A. E. and Booth, W. and Vargo, E. L. and Kennedy, G. G.}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={12–17} }
 @article{jacobson_kennedy_2011, title={The effect of three rates of cyantraniliprole on the transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus by Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to Capsicum annuum}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0261-2194"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2010.12.004}, abstractNote={Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a thrips-transmitted virus that causes major losses in many crops worldwide. Management of TSWV is complex, requiring multiple preventive measures. Currently, there are few chemical options that control thrips populations before they feed upon and transmit TSWV to crop plants. Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr™) is an anthranilic diamide insecticide currently under development that exhibits anti-feedant properties. Transmission of TSWV by Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) to Capsicum annuum L. seedlings was reduced in plants treated with Cyazypyr™ applied to the soil at the rates of 1.45, 2.90 and 4.41 mg ai/plant. Mortality of F. fusca at 3 days post treatment did not differ significantly on excised foliage of Cyazypyr™ treated and control plants, but feeding injury was significantly less on treated foliage. Transmission of TSWV by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) was not reduced in plants treated with 4.41 mg ai/plant.}, number={4}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Jacobson, A. L. and Kennedy, G. G.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={512–515} }