@article{benedict_parsley_mochizuki_2024, title={What is your diagnosis? Blood smear from a Corolla wild horse stallion}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13319}, DOI={10.1111/vcp.13319}, abstractNote={Veterinary Clinical PathologyEarly View WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS? What is your diagnosis? Blood smear from a Corolla wild horse stallion William Benedict, William Benedict orcid.org/0009-0000-3416-3201 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorAshley Parsley, Ashley Parsley orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-8833 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorHiroyuki Mochizuki, Corresponding Author Hiroyuki Mochizuki [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-1520-0393 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Correspondence Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author William Benedict, William Benedict orcid.org/0009-0000-3416-3201 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorAshley Parsley, Ashley Parsley orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-8833 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USASearch for more papers by this authorHiroyuki Mochizuki, Corresponding Author Hiroyuki Mochizuki [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-1520-0393 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Correspondence Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 2024 https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13319Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors have no affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in, or in financial compensation with, the subject matter or materials discussed in this article. REFERENCES 1Casiraghi M, Bain O, Guerrero R, et al. Mapping the presence of Wolbachia Pipientis on the phylogeny of filarial nematodes: evidence for symbiont loss during evolution. Int J Parasitol. 2004; 34: 191-203. 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.10.004 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2Casiraghi M, Anderson C, Bandi C, et al. A phylogenetic analysis of filarial nematodes: comparison with the phylogeny of Wolbachia endosymbionts. Parasitology. 2010; 122: 93-103. 10.1017/S0031182000007149 Google Scholar 3Coleman SU, Klei TR, French DD. Prevalence of Setaria equina (nematode: Onchocercidae) in southeastern Louisiana horses. Parasitology. 1985; 71: 512-513. 10.2307/3281548 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4Yeargan MR, Lyons ET, Kania SA, et al. Incidental isolation of Setaria equina microfilariae in preparations of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Vet Parasitol. 2009; 161: 142-145. 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.12.020 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5Sivajothi SB, Reddy S, Srinivas SS, Naveen J. Diagnosis and management of Equine Microfilariosis. Intas Polivet. 2018; 19: 226-227. Google Scholar Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Benedict, William and Parsley, Ashley and Mochizuki, Hiroyuki}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{villasenor_olagbaju_parsley_meritet_2023, title={Proliferative parathyroid lesions in captive-bred American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) with metabolic bone disease}, volume={203}, ISSN={["1532-3129"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.03.184}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.03.184}, abstractNote={Parathyroid gland lesions in anurans are infrequently reported and most often occur secondary to experimental interventions. Husbandry-related parathyroid changes have not been documented in this order of Amphibia. Three American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) living in a captive colony were euthanized due to clinical concern for metabolic bone disease secondary to lack of consistent dietary supplementation with vitamin D3. Necropsy revealed cystic dilation and variable proliferation of unidentified structures within the cranial coelom corresponding to the anatomical location of anuran parathyroid glands. Histologically, the structures consisted of sheets and whorls of elongated cells. Immunohistochemistry for pan-cytokeratin revealed strong cytoplasmic staining and Grimelius staining identified neuroendocrine granules in the elongated cells of these structures, supportive of a parathyroid origin.}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY}, author={Villasenor, Adriana and Olagbaju, Tolulope and Parsley, Ashley and Meritet, Danielle}, year={2023}, month={May}, pages={1–4} }
 @article{parsley_nagel_borst_knight_neel_2022, title={Pathology in Practice}, volume={8}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.22.02.0073}, DOI={10.2460/javma.22.02.0073}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Parsley, Ashley L. and Nagel, Jonathan R. and Borst, Luke B. and Knight, LaTisha N. and Neel, Jennifer A.}, year={2022}, month={Aug}, pages={1–3} }
 @article{parsley_schnelle_gruber_sander_barger_2022, title={Total protein concentration as a predictor of in neoplastic peritoneal and pleural effusions of dogs}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13122}, DOI={10.1111/vcp.13122}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
The diagnosis of neoplastic cavitary effusions requires the identification of neoplastic cells in effusions, yet the cytologic appearance of neoplastic effusions can be highly variable due to the varied mechanisms of formation. Additional parameters might aid in the interpretation of equivocal cytologic results.


OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to evaluate whether total protein concentrations can be used to support the diagnosis of neoplasia in the peritoneal and pleural effusions of dogs with lower cellularities (≤5000 nucleated cells/μL).


METHODS
Pleural and peritoneal fluid analyses from dogs presented to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Effusions were categorized as neoplastic or non-neoplastic based on histology or cytology. Non-neoplastic effusions were subcategorized according to mechanism: decreased oncotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure, increased vascular permeability, leakage of urine, and leakage of lymph. The TP and blood albumin to fluid TP ratio (Albblood :TPfluid ) were compared among groups.


RESULTS
Twenty-seven neoplastic and 65 non-neoplastic cases were evaluated. TP was higher in the neoplastic group (P = .001) than in the non-neoplastic group. Neoplastic effusions had a lower Albblood :TPfluid than non-neoplastic (P = .001), and effusions with Albblood :TPfluid of ≤0.6 were 5.6 times more likely to be neoplastic (95% CI 1.69-17.36; P = .003).


CONCLUSIONS
Fluid TP concentrations were significantly greater in neoplastic than non-neoplastic effusions; however, given the considerable overlap between groups, the diagnostic utility of this difference is low. A neoplastic etiology might be more likely in cases with an Albblood :TPfluid ≤0.6.}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Parsley, Ashley L. and Schnelle, Amy N. and Gruber, Erika J. and Sander, William E. and Barger, Anne M.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{parsley_rasche_yang_gruber_2022, title={What is your diagnosis? Ovarian mass in a mare}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13161}, DOI={10.1111/vcp.13161}, abstractNote={An 18-year-old Hanoverian mare was referred to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital for removal of an intra-abdominal mass after an initial assessment for a 6-month history of stallion-like behavior, including increased kicking, striking, biting, and bucking when riding. Rectal palpation and ultrasound revealed a large multicystic mass in the region of the right ovary. Physical exam and CBC were unremarkable, and the mass was removed by standing laparoscopic surgery. The mass was 25 × 20 × 17 cm, had a smooth surface, and on cross-section contained many variably sized cystic structures containing watery, translucent, yellow fluid, or occasionally red-tinged fluid. Fine-needle aspiration of tissue with cytocentrifuged fluid from adjacent cystic structures was obtained (Figure 1). The sample is of moderate cellularity consisting of frequent loosely cohesive clusters of cells that are disorganized or occasionally forming rosette-like arrangements and associated with the wispy magenta matrix, scattered individualized leukocytes, and a moderate amount of blood on a bright pink stippled proteinaceous background. Cells in clusters are oval to polygonal, with a moderate nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and variably distinct borders. They contain a single uniform round nucleus with coarse chromatin and have a moderate amount of pale blue cytoplasm with fine, clear vacuoles or occasionally several larger clear, distinct vacuoles. Cells display mild anisokaryosis and mild anisocytosis. Also present are low numbers of macrophages. Histologic examination reveals a poorly demarcated neoplasm expanding and almost completely effacing the ovarian parenchyma. The neoplasm consists of polyhedral cells arranged in variably-sized cystic structures (macrofollicular pattern) and smaller round to irregular solid islands supported by a moderate amount of fibrovascular stroma (Figure 2). The cystic structures are lined by multiple layers of neoplastic cells with peripheral palisading. Neoplastic cells have a small to moderate amount of finely vacuolated pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei with stippled chromatin and 0–1 small nucleoli (granulosa cells). Neoplastic granulosa cells exhibit mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis with 2 mitotic figures in 10 high magnification fields (2.37 mm2). Occasionally surrounding neoplastic islands and cystic structures is a layer of moderately cellular streaming spindle cells with scant wispy eosinophilic cytoplasm (presumed theca cells). These cells occasionally have a moderate amount of hypereosinophilic cytoplasm with small discrete lipid vacuoles (presumed luteinized theca cells). The neoplastic granulosa cells show immunoreactivity for vimentin, pancytokeratin, inhibin-α, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Theca cells only show immunoreactivity for vimentin (Figure 3). The final diagnosis was granulosa-theca cell tumor. Primary ovarian neoplasms are classified into one of three histologic tumor types: epithelial, germ cell, and sex cord-stromal tumors.1-3 The granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a sex cord-stromal tumor and is by far the most common tumor of the equine ovary.1, 3 GCTs are generally benign tumors that occur more frequently in older mares, although they can occur at any age.1, 3 When these tumors contain a significant theca cell component in addition to granulosa cells, they are referred to as granulosa-theca cell tumors (GTCTs), although some authors use GCT interchangeably with GTCT.2, 3 When present, increased numbers of theca cells may be associated with an increase in blood testosterone (often >100 pg/mL), which, in turn, is associated with stallion-like behavior.2 In this case, the histologic theca cell component and behavioral abnormalities are consistent with the more specific diagnosis of granulosa-theca cell tumor. Cytology of a GCT has been minimally described in the veterinary literature,4 and rarely described in horses.5 In dogs, cells from GCTs exfoliate individually or in loose clusters, with occasional rosette-like arrangements, and are oval to polygonal with round nuclei, coarsely stippled chromatin, and a small to moderate amount of lightly basophilic cytoplasm containing a few discrete vacuoles.4, 6 These features were seen in this case and supported the diagnosis of a granulosa cell tumor. Call-Exner bodies, eosinophilic proteinaceous material deposits surrounded by granulosa cells, are frequently observed in histologic samples but rarely reported in cytologic samples.3, 5 Call-Exner bodies were not observed in either cytologic or histologic samples in this case. Although Call-Exner bodies are a useful diagnostic feature, their absence does not rule out a GCT.3 The histology of GCTs is described as resembling disorganized follicle formation, consisting of irregular accumulations of granulosa cells in sheets, cords, trabeculae, or nests with supporting stromal cells. Granulosa cells are vimentin-positive and variably cytokeratin positive; theca cells are vimentin-positive with no cytokeratin positivity.3 Other useful IHC markers include inhibin–α and AMH (also called Müllerian-inhibiting substance), which both show cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in granulosa cells, as observed in this case.3, 7 Other differentials for equine ovarian tumors include teratoma (germ cell) or cystadenoma (epithelial). Rarely, adenocarcinomas (epithelial), dysgerminomas (germ cell), and others have been reported.1, 2 Cytologically, germ cell tumors may appear as large individual round to ovoid cells with a large round nucleus, which is inconsistent with the findings in this case. Cystadenomas and adenocarcinomas may be cystic to multicystic in nature; however, the morphology and indistinct borders of the cells, in this case, are not consistent with these lesions.2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Parsley, Ashley L. and Rasche, Brittany L. and Yang, Tzushan S. and Gruber, Erika J.}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{trumpp_parsley_lewis_camp_taylor_2019, title={Presumptive tick paralysis in 2 American Miniature horses in the United States}, volume={33}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15540}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15540}, abstractNote={Abstract Rationale Tick paralysis has not been reported in horses in North America. Clinical Findings Two American Miniature horses were examined for progressive weakness and recumbency. Numerous ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) were found on both horses. Horse 1 was recumbent (grade 5/5 gait deficit) on presentation, whereas Horse 2 was standing but ataxic (grade 4/5 gait deficit) and tetraparetic. Both horses had decreased tongue and tail muscle tone, and had normal spinal reflexes. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology was normal. Equine herpesvirus‐1 testing was negative. Pertinent Interventions Ticks were removed within 24 hours of presentation. Both horses were treated topically with permethrin. Supportive care included fluid therapy, treatment for corneal ulceration, and frequent repositioning during recumbency. Outcome Within 48 hours of tick removal, both horses were neurologically normal. Clinical Relevance Ours is the first reported case of presumptive tick paralysis in horses in North America. Although rare, tick paralysis should be considered in horses presented with acute‐onset weakness progressing to recumbency.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Trumpp, Kelsey M. and Parsley, Ashley L. and Lewis, Melissa J. and Camp, Joseph W. and Taylor, Sandra}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={1784–1788} }