@article{beseli_hall_manandhar_sinclair_2019, title={Root osmotic potential and length for two maize lines differing in leaf osmotic potential}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1542-7536"]}, DOI={10.1080/15427528.2019.1607642}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Two maize (Zea mays L.) lines had previously been developed, one for expression in leaves of high osmotic adjustment (HOA) and the other for low osmotic adjustment (LOA). In field, these lines differed in soil water extraction depth and in plant wilting. It was hypothesized that HOA in leaves was also expressed in the root tips, and consequently it results in greater root extension and extraction of deeper soil water. Experiments reported here were undertaken in 1-m tall pots in a growth chamber and in the field to test these hypotheses. Periodic harvests of the soil columns during dry-down experiments showed no leaf OA in the two maize lines although the HOA line consistently had a lower leaf osmotic potential than the LOA line by 0.23 MPa. On the other hand, under the slow development of water deficit there was equivalent root tip OA in both lines. Consistent with this equivalency in root tip OA, no consistent difference in root length was observed in any of the experiments. Hence, the basis for the difference in wilting and water use between the two maize lines was not explained by differences in root OA and root extension.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF CROP IMPROVEMENT}, author={Beseli, Amber and Hall, Antonio J. and Manandhar, Anju and Sinclair, Thomas R.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={429–444} }
 @article{manandhar_sinclair_rufty_ghanem_2017, title={Leaf Expansion and Transpiration Response to Soil Drying and Recovery among Cowpea Genotypes}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2016.09.0794}, abstractNote={Sensitivity of leaf expansion to water‐deficit conditions could have a major influence on C assimilation rate and water loss rate under developing drought conditions. While cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is commonly grown in more arid regions, there is no information on the sensitivity of its leaf expansion with drying soil. Three experiments were undertaken in controlled environments to document leaf expansion during increasing soil drying (11–13 d). Eight cultivars of cowpea were studied. It was found that the initiation of the decrease in leaf expansion occurred earlier in the soil drying cycle than the decrease in transpiration rate in all genotypes. Also, the soil water content at which leaf expansion completely stopped was slightly greater than the termination of transpiration. Therefore, both measures of leaf expansion sensitivity to soil water showed greater sensitivity to soil drying than plant gas exchange as measured by transpiration rate. Genotypic differences were observed among the genotypes in their sensitivity to soil drying. In one experiment, the severely stressed plants were rewatered and recovery in leaf expansion rate occurred very rapidly. Leaf expansion rates of all genotypes following rewatering returned to the rates of the well‐watered plants within ∼1 d.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Manandhar, Anju and Sinclair, Thomas R. and Rufty, Thomas W. and Ghanem, Michel E.}, year={2017}, pages={2109–2116} }
 @article{manandhar_sinclair_rufty_ghanem_2017, title={Leaf emergence (phyllochron index) and leaf expansion response to soil drying in cowpea genotypes}, volume={160}, ISSN={["1399-3054"]}, DOI={10.1111/ppl.12544}, abstractNote={Drought can result in severely decreased leaf area development, which impacts plant growth and yield. However, rarely is leaf emergence or leaf expansion separated to resolve the relative sensitivity to water‐deficit of these two processes. Experiments were undertaken to impose drought over approximately 2 weeks for eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes grown in pots under controlled environmental conditions. Daily measures of phyllochron index (PI, leaf emergence) and leaf area increase (leaf expansion) were obtained. Each of these measures was referenced against volumetric soil water content, i.e. fraction transpirable soil water. Although there was no clear difference between leaf emergence and leaf expansion in sensitivity to drying soil, both processes were more sensitive to soil drying than plant transpiration rate. Genotypic differences in the soil water content at the initiation of the decline in PI were identified. However, no consistent difference in sensitivity to water‐deficit in leaf expansion was found. The difference in leaf emergence among genotypes in sensitivity to soil drying can now be exploited to provide guidance for plant improvement and crop yield increase.}, number={2}, journal={PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM}, author={Manandhar, Anju and Sinclair, Thomas R. and Rufty, Thomas W. and Ghanem, Michel E.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={201–208} }
 @article{sinclair_manandhar_shekoofa_rosas-anderson_bagherzadi_schoppach_sadok_rufty_2017, title={Pot binding as a variable confounding plant phenotype: theoretical derivation and experimental observations}, volume={245}, ISSN={["1432-2048"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00425-016-2641-0}, abstractNote={Theoretical derivation predicted growth retardation due to pot water limitations, i.e., pot binding. Experimental observations were consistent with these limitations. Combined, these results indicate a need for caution in high-throughput screening and phenotyping. Pot experiments are a mainstay in many plant studies, including the current emphasis on developing high-throughput, phenotyping systems. Pot studies can be vulnerable to decreased physiological activity of the plants particularly when pot volume is small, i.e., "pot binding". It is necessary to understand the conditions under which pot binding may exist to avoid the confounding influence of pot binding in interpreting experimental results. In this paper, a derivation is offered that gives well-defined conditions for the occurrence of pot binding based on restricted water availability. These results showed that not only are pot volume and plant size important variables, but the potting media is critical. Artificial potting mixtures used in many studies, including many high-throughput phenotyping systems, are particularly susceptible to the confounding influences of pot binding. Experimental studies for several crop species are presented that clearly show the existence of thresholds of plant leaf area at which various pot sizes and potting media result in the induction of pot binding even though there may be no immediate, visual plant symptoms. The derivation and experimental results showed that pot binding can readily occur in plant experiments if care is not given to have sufficiently large pots, suitable potting media, and maintenance of pot water status. Clear guidelines are provided for avoiding the confounding effects of water-limited pot binding in studying plant phenotype.}, number={4}, journal={PLANTA}, author={Sinclair, Thomas R. and Manandhar, Anju and Shekoofa, Avat and Rosas-Anderson, Pablo and Bagherzadi, Laleh and Schoppach, Remy and Sadok, Walid and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={729–735} }
 @article{sinclair_manandhar_belko_riar_vadez_roberts_2015, title={Variation among Cowpea Genotypes in Sensitivity of Transpiration Rate and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation to Soil Drying}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2014.12.0816}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Sinclair, Thomas R. and Manandhar, Anju and Belko, Nouhoun and Riar, Mandeep and Vadez, Vincent and Roberts, Philip A.}, year={2015}, pages={2270–2275} }