@article{levine_moresco_trout_schuett_booth_2024, title={Female long‐term sperm storage results in viable offspring in the Himalayan Mountain Pitviper, Ovophis monticola}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21820}, DOI={10.1002/zoo.21820}, abstractNote={The ability of females to store sperm for extended periods in their reproductive tracts (termed long-term sperm storage, LTSS) has been reported across a diversity of vertebrate taxa. The evolutionary, ecological, and physiological significance of LTSS is wide-ranging and includes the ability to produce offspring when mates may be temporally scarce by way of decoupling copulation from ovulation, inbreeding avoidance, and the generation and maintenance of genetic diversity in progeny. Among vertebrate lineages, nonavian reptiles exhibit a remarkable capacity for LTSS, with the production of viable offspring reported after periods exceeding 6 years since prior contact with a potential mate. Given that female reptiles are able to store viable sperm for prolonged periods, it is important to disentangle LTSS from that of facultative parthenogenesis (FP), a reproductive trait which appears widespread among all reptile lineages. The implications of this distinction are particularly important in the context of the development and management of captive breeding programs. To accurately determine between the two reproductive strategies, genomic screening is highly recommended. Following a period of isolation for 13 months from a potential male mate, a female Himalayan Mountain Pitviper (Ovophis monticola) produced a clutch of three male offspring. Here, through genome-scale analyses of the female and her progeny, we document the first record of LTSS in this genus and exclude FP as the alternative hypothesis.}, journal={Zoo Biology}, author={Levine, Brenna A. and Moresco, Anneke and Trout, Tim and Schuett, Gordon W. and Booth, Warren}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{silva_rahal_moresco_castiglioni_campos vettorato_rolim_ichikawa_mamprim_2024, title={Radiographic and sonographic features, and histogram parameters of the liver and spleen in healthy Toco toucans (Ramphastos toco, Müller 1976)}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.13011}, DOI={10.1111/ahe.13011}, abstractNote={This study aimed to evaluate radiographic and sonographic features, and histogram parameters based on grayscale ultrasound of the liver and spleen in healthy toco toucans. Fifteen adult toco toucans (Ramphastos toco), seven females and eight males, weighing approximately 650 g, were enrolled in the study. On the right lateral radiographic view, the liver was visualized in the midventral region of the coelomic cavity; ultrasonographically, the liver was located in the middle portion of the coelomic cavity in close relationship to the heart, and thoracic and abdominal air sacs. Two hepatic lobes were identified; the right lobe was larger than the left one. The spleen was visualized in 10 toco toucans on radiographs and only in eight toucans on ultrasound exams. The gallbladder was identified only on ultrasound. On the right lateral radiographic view, the spleen was visualized dorsal to the proventriculus and ventral to the lungs/air sacs as an oval shape. Ultrasonographically, the spleen was observed caudal to the liver, cranial to the proventriculus and craniodorsal to the ventriculus. There was no significant difference in spleen length for either radiographic or ultrasound measurements. The brightness intensity (BI) for mean gray level (G) and standard deviation of gray levels (SG) in the liver were 101.315 (± 16.170) and 12.453 (± 2.616), respectively. Mean G and SG levels in the spleen were 63.940 (± 18.321) and 7.494 (± 3.595), respectively. In conclusion, the sonographic features and histogram parameters indicated that the liver is more echogenic and heterogeneous than the spleen, which must be considered for diagnosing alterations in these organs.}, journal={Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia}, author={Silva, Jeana Pereira and Rahal, Sheila Canevese and Moresco, Anneke and Castiglioni, Maria Cristina Reis and Campos Vettorato, Michel and Rolim, Luna Scarpari and Ichikawa, Ricardo Shoiti and Mamprim, Maria Jaqueline}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{activity and proximity patterns in mixed- species and same- species pairs of siamangs ( symphalangus syndactylus) at denver zoo, zootampa, and cape may county zoo_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/57862215/}, journal={American Journal of Primatology}, year={2023} }
 @article{readyhough_davis_joseph_moresco_schreier_2023, title={Age and Social History Impact Social Interactions between Bull Asian Elephants (<i>Elephas maximus</i>) at Denver Zoo}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5636/4/1/18}, DOI={10.3390/jzbg4010018}, abstractNote={Wild bull Asian elephants spend time in all-male groups. Therefore, managers of ex situ populations increasingly house bulls together. We examined the social interactions of five bull Asian elephants at Denver Zoo, using instantaneous sampling to compare social interactions across adolescent and mature bulls, and bulls with a social history prior to the integration of this group compared to bulls with no social history. Both age and social history significantly affected bull behavior. Adolescent bulls exhibited more affiliative and submissive behaviors when housed with mixed-age and mature social partners compared to with only adolescents, and less non-contact agonistic behavior and less time in proximity to a conspecific with mixed-age groups compared to with only other adolescents. Mature bulls exhibited more affiliative behavior when they were with only adolescent bulls compared to only mature bulls, and more time in proximity to a conspecific and increased contact agonistic behavior with at least one adolescent compared to only mature bulls. Bulls in new social groups engaged in more affiliative, agonistic, and submissive behaviors, and spent less time in proximity, than when they were in previously established social combinations. As more institutions house bulls socially, our results provide insights into factors that may affect bull social interactions.}, journal={Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens}, author={Readyhough, Taylor S. and Davis, Maura and Joseph, Sharon and Moresco, Anneke and Schreier, Amy}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{larsen_a_g_b_k_2023, title={Efficacy and Recovery Quality of Concentrated Alfaxalone Anesthesia in Spotted Hyena (Crocuta Crocuta) - A Pilot Study}, url={https://www.wildlifecapturesymposium.it/file/abstractbooksymposiumdef.pdf}, booktitle={International Symposium on Wildlife Capture and Chemical Immobilization}, author={Larsen, R.S. and A, Moresco and G, Jankowski and B, Wright and K, Pasloske}, year={2023}, month={Oct}, pages={34–35} }
 @article{istat comparisons between chimpanzees ( pan troglodytes) in range and non- range countries: a pilot study_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/57862216/}, journal={American Journal of Primatology}, year={2023} }
 @article{readyhough_davis_joseph_moresco_schreier_2023, title={Intervention by an older, dominant bull elephant (Elephas maximus) during an agonistic interaction between adolescents at Denver Zoo}, url={https://doi.org/10.52732/OLJZ7840}, DOI={10.52732/OLJZ7840}, abstractNote={Bull Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) sociality is complex and understudied. Increasingly, researchers recognize the role of mature bull elephants in teaching adolescent bulls appropriate social and reproductive behaviours that enable them to have normal intra-species relationships after the adolescents leave their natal herds. We describe a specific intervention event by a mature, dominant bull in a novel social group with adolescent bull elephants at Denver Zoo, Colorado, USA. The mature bull intervened on behalf of an adolescent elephant, allowing this adolescent to escape from two other adolescents who were repeatedly chasing him, marking boundaries of appropriate behaviour for the adolescent bulls. This example provides evidence for adolescent bull elephants learning appropriate social behaviours from mature conspecifics and suggests that mature bulls play an active role in this relationship. Overall, this intervention behaviour supports the inclusion of mature bulls in social groupings of bull elephants in managed care.}, journal={In&Vertebrates}, author={Readyhough, Taylor S and Davis, Maura and Joseph, Sharon and Moresco, Anneke and Schreier, Amy L.}, year={2023} }
 @article{morbidity and mortality of binturongs (arctictis binturong) in united states zoological institutions (19862019)_2023, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1156336477}, DOI={10.1638/2021-0089}, abstractNote={Abstract: Veterinary literature on diseases in binturong (Arctictis binturong) is often limited to case series or reports without population-level information. Morbidity and mortality data were collected from North American institutions through survey completion or submission of medical records. Responses included information about 74 individuals (37 males, 30 females, and 7 unknown neonates) representing 22 institutions, from 1986 to 2019. Antemortem data were available from 39 individuals, and postmortem data were available from 53 individuals. Eighteen individuals had both antemortem and postmortem records available. Age (mean ± SD) at death for adults (n = 41) was 15.2 ± 4.3 yr. Morbidity events were summarized by affected organ system; 160 events were reported. The systems with the most frequently reported events were gastrointestinal (33%; 53/160), integumentary (19%; 31/160), urinary (12%; 20/160), and musculoskeletal (19 [12%] of 160). Excluding neonates, primary causes of mortality included neoplasia (51%; 21/41), infectious or inflammatory diseases (24%; 10/41), and cardiovascular disease (17%; 7/41). Neoplasms (51%; 21/41) confirmed on histopathology included renal adenocarcinoma (47%; 10/21); mammary carcinoma (14%; 3/21); pancreatic islet cell carcinoma (2 [10%] of 21); and single instances of multicentric lymphoma, uterine carcinoma, and submucosal urethral adenoma. There were three additional cases of presumed neoplasia without histopathologic confirmation; masses were detected in the liver, heart base, and pancreas. Metastases were reported in 15 (71%) of 21 neoplasms. Although neoplasia and cardiovascular disease were common causes of mortality, they were rarely diagnosed antemortem. Neoplasia was often malignant and generally diagnosed after metastasis. Preventive medicine protocols with improved renal and cardiovascular evaluation are warranted and may result in earlier detection of subclinical disease in binturong.}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @article{thevarajah_readyhough_davis_moresco_joseph_schreier_2023, title={Nighttime behavior and the length of social relationships in male Asian elephants}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2021.1998777}, DOI={10.1080/10888705.2021.1998777}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT To evaluate elephant welfare, it is important to understand their use of time both during day and night. The length of social relationships can influence how much time they spend in different activities. We assessed daytime and nighttime activity budgets of male Asian elephants at Denver Zoo and examined how length of relationships influenced nighttime behavior. Using scan sampling we investigated activity budget and proximity to a conspecific, and used General Estimating Equations to compare them across day and night and across new and established dyads at night. During daytime, elephants spent significantly more time exhibiting affiliative and agonistic behaviors, and in proximity to a conspecific, and less time resting, compared to night. Overnight, the odds of resting were significantly lower in new social dyads compared to established dyads, and new dyads spent more time exhibiting agonistic behavior and in proximity to a conspecific compared to established dyads. Our study suggests that male elephants at Denver Zoo have developed strong relationships and highlights the importance of systematically observing elephants overnight so that managers make decisions that improve animal welfare.}, journal={Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science}, author={Thevarajah, Shanelle J. and Readyhough, Taylor S. and Davis, Maura and Moresco, Anneke and Joseph, Sharon and Schreier, Amy L.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{lima_alves_mendes_moresco_rahal_2023, title={Partial Amputation of a Nonreducing Prolapsed Phallus in an Ostrich (Struthio camelus)}, volume={37}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/20-00088}, DOI={10.1647/20-00088}, abstractNote={Abstract: A 19-year-old male ostrich (Struthio camelus) was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital (São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil) due to a 6-month history of recurrent prolapse of the phallus. On physical examination, 2 ulcerative wounds were present on the phallus, as well as caseous plaques and myiasis. Conservative treatment resulted in improvement but prolapse of the phallus remained. Thus, a decision was made to perform a partial phallectomy. The surgery was successful and no postoperative complications occurred. When the ostrich was reexamined 6 months postsurgery, the ostrich was alert, in good health, and the surgical site completely healed. The owner verbally reported no recurrence of the phallus prolapse 1 year after surgery.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery}, publisher={Association of Avian Veterinarians (AAV)}, author={Lima, Heloísa C. and Alves, Arthur C. T. and Mendes, Madalena R. C. and Moresco, Anneke and Rahal, Sheila C.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{reproductive tract neoplasia in female western lowland gorillas ( gorilla gorilla gorilla) under managed care_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/57862218/}, journal={American Journal of Primatology}, year={2023} }
 @article{souza siragusi_rahal_moresco_silva_mamprim_mayrink cardoso_2023, title={Radiographic measurements of the hind limbs in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jmp.12654}, DOI={10.1111/jmp.12654}, abstractNote={Radiographic measurements are a useful tool to assess skeletal health and development in primates. This study aimed to perform radiographic measurements of hind limbs in capuchin monkeys.}, journal={J Med Primatol.}, author={Souza Siragusi, Rafael H. and Rahal, Sheila C. and Moresco, Anneke and Silva, Jeana P. and Mamprim, Maria J. and Mayrink Cardoso, Eduardo B.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{serum vitamin d in sanctuary chimpanzees ( pan troglodytes) in range countries: a pilot study_2023, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/57862217/}, journal={American Journal of Primatology}, year={2023} }
 @article{rooney_moresco_wolfman_dibble_thompson_2023, title={Serial ultrasonographic measurements of fetal parameters over three successive pregnancies in a captive Eastern black‐and‐white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza)}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21795}, DOI={10.1002/zoo.21795}, abstractNote={This study provides ultrasonographic fetal growth charts for the Eastern black-and-white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza). Throughout three consecutive gestations (-162 to -2 days to parturition) in a single dam, we opportunistically obtained ultrasonographic measurements for the following parameters: biparietal diameter, head circumference, humerus length, femur length, tibia length, radius length, thoracic width, kidney length, and crown-rump length. Biparietal diameter was the most consistently measured parameter. First detection of fetuses occurred between 96 and 162 days before parturition. This report demonstrates that voluntary transabdominal ultrasound can be well-tolerated in the colobus monkey using operant conditioning. These findings may be useful to assess fetal development and predict parturition dates in the absence of a known conception date in this species.}, journal={Zoo Biology}, author={Rooney, Tess and Moresco, Anneke and Wolfman, Darcy and Dibble, Kelsey and Thompson, Kimberly A.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{feltrer-rambaud_moresco_ange-van heugten_pizarro_tomeo-martin_pesquera_moresco_atencia_2023, title={Serum vitamin D in sanctuary chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in range countries: A pilot study}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2053-1095"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1279}, DOI={10.1002/vms3.1279}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Vitamin D is essential for skeletal health, calcium homeostasis and general health. The major and more stable form of vitamin D in circulation is 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OH‐D); this is the most valuable indicator of vitamin D status. There are studies on laboratory and zoo‐housed chimpanzees; however, serum vitamin D status has not been documented in chimpanzees in range countries. Objectives (1) Determine the range of circulating 25‐OH‐D concentrations in chimpanzees in range countries. (2) Assess the influence of age, sex, and sun exposure on 25‐OH‐D serum concentrations. Methods Opportunistic blood samples were obtained from 127 clinically healthy chimpanzees. Serum 25‐OH‐D concentration was measured with a commercially available competitive ELISA. Results The median overall 25‐OH‐D concentration for chimpanzees in range countries was 46.24 nmol/L (range: 17.10–109.23 nmol/L). Males had a significantly lower concentration (40.15 nmol/L) than females (49.61 nmol/L), and infants (37.99 nmol/L) had a significantly lower concentration than adults (46.04 nmol/L). Concentrations of 25‐OH‐D in chimpanzees in sunnier habitats were significantly higher compared to thick tropical forest habitat. Conclusion The present constitutes a large dataset of serum 25‐OH‐D concentrations in range country sanctuary chimpanzees and contributes to document normal ranges. Age, sex, and sun exposure influenced serum concentrations of 25‐OH‐D in sanctuary chimpanzees.}, journal={VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Feltrer-Rambaud, Yedra and Moresco, Anneke and Ange-van Heugten, Kimberly and Pizarro, Andrea and Tomeo-Martin, Beatriz and Pesquera, Lara Carrasco and Moresco, Natalie and Atencia, Rebeca}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @book{moresco_agnew_2022, title={2021 Annual Report Reproductive Health Surveillance Program RHSP}, url={https://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.19810.81602}, DOI={10.13140/RG.2.2.19810.81602}, journal={Reproductive Health Surveillance Project}, institution={Unpublished}, author={Moresco, Anneke and Agnew, Dalen}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{duke_harrison_moresco_trout_troan_garner_smith_smith_harrison_2022, title={A Multi-Institutional Collaboration to Understand Neoplasia, Treatment and Survival of Snakes}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030258}, DOI={10.3390/ani12030258}, abstractNote={Simple Summary Multiple studies have focused on types of neoplasia found in snakes, but an overall estimation of prevalence including total populations of animals at multiple facilities has not been conducted. Additionally, an in-depth evaluation of methods of therapy and survival of snakes with neoplasia has not been carried out. This study calculated the prevalence of tumors in 133 snakes, representing 65 different species, housed in six zoos and aquariums. Survival times were evaluated to determine whether these snakes were more likely to die from their tumors versus another cause. Treatment outcomes were evaluated to determine if the used treatment types lengthened the snakes’ life spans. Common or northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon), eastern diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus), and timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) had the highest prevalence of tumors. Malignant (cancerous) tumors predominated, and the snakes with these tumors were significantly more likely to die of their cancer than those with benign tumors. Thirty-six of the 133 snakes received treatment for their tumors. There was no significant difference in survival times for those treated and not treated. This population is a subset of the overall snake population under managed human care, and a larger collection of snake tumor and population data could yield different results. Therefore, additional snake cases, along with other non-domestic species, are continuing to be curated in a database (Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance tumor database). The goal of this data collection is to provide data on a select population of snakes to help veterinarians gain greater understanding of cancer types and to treat cancer in these animals. Abstract This multi-institutional collaborative study of neoplasia in snakes reviewed medical records of snakes at each facility to determine species prevalence, survival, and methods of treatment. Complete species numbers of snakes were also collected at each facility. In total, 65 species, 133 snakes, and 149 unique neoplasias were included in this study. Affected species, age, sex, and their tumor prevalence, tumor type and location, metastasis, treatment, and survival data are reported. The highest species-specific tumor prevalence was in Common or Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) (30.8%, n = 4 of 13), Eastern Diamond-Backed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus) (26.3%, n = 5 of 19), and Timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) (22.7%, n = 5 of 22). Malignant tumors predominated (86.6%, n = 129 of 149) with soft tissue sarcomas being the most common (30.2%, n = 45 of 149). Snakes with malignant neoplasia, metastases, or indeterminate presence of metastases were statistically more likely to die from their neoplasms than snakes having either benign neoplasia or no diagnosed metastases (p < 0.05). Gender, taxonomic family, and species of those evaluated did not significantly affect the outcome of snakes with neoplasia. Only 27.1% (n = 36 of 133) of snakes received a reported form of treatment and, for those treated, surgical excision was the most common treatment modality. There was not a significant difference in outcome based on treatment; however, surgery and chemotherapy were associated with death from a cause other than their tumor.}, number={3}, journal={ANIMALS}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Duke, Elizabeth G. and Harrison, Scott H. and Moresco, Anneke and Trout, Tim and Troan, Brigid V. and Garner, Michael M. and Smith, Madison and Smith, Sidney and Harrison, Tara M.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{kahn_moresco_agnew_2022, title={Granulosa cell proliferation in the orangutan ovary}, url={https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.acvp.org/resource/resmgr/acvp_annual_meeting_2022/2022_abstracts.pdf}, booktitle={Annual Conference of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists}, author={Kahn, B. and Moresco, A. and Agnew, D.}, year={2022}, pages={246} }
 @article{moresco_prado_davis_schreier_readyhough_joseph_gray_brown_2022, title={Immunoglobulin A and Physiologic Correlates of Well-Being in Asian Elephants}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/55170694/}, DOI={10.3390/JZBG3040050}, abstractNote={Zoological institutions aim to continually improve the lives of the animals under their stewardship. To this end, bull elephants are now increasingly maintained in all-male groups to mimic social conditions observed in the wild. While cortisol is the most frequently used “stress” biomarker, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) as a measure of health and positive affect, and the social hormone, oxytocin, are increasingly viewed as additional markers of welfare. The introduction of a pair of bull elephants to an existing group of three bull elephants at Denver Zoo presented an opportunity to assess sIgA, oxytocin and cortisol in response to the socialization process. In this study, sIgA varied greatly between individuals and did not correlate with cortisol but did correlate with salivary oxytocin. sIgA and oxytocin concentrations differed the most between social and solo situations during the introduction period compared to before bulls were introduced, and after a stable group had been formed. In contrast to findings in some species, sIgA and oxytocin were higher when housed alone than socially. Nonetheless, these results suggest that sIgA and oxytocin may be involved in social engagement and establishment of new social dynamics, and thus provide more insight into overall welfare states.}, journal={Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens}, author={Moresco, Anneke and Prado, Natalia and Davis, Maura and Schreier, Amy L. and Readyhough, Taylor S. and Joseph, Sharon and Gray, Charlie and Brown, Janine L.}, year={2022} }
 @article{readyhough_joseph_davis_moresco_schreier_2022, title={Impacts of Socialization on Bull Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Stereotypical Behavior}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3010010}, DOI={10.3390/jzbg3010010}, abstractNote={There is a growing need for animal care institutions to house multiple bull elephants as the population increases due to transfers from private ownership and the births of male offspring in managed care. Elephants in North American, European, and Latin American zoos exhibit stereotypies—repetitive, fixed behaviors. Previous research demonstrated that housing Asian elephants alone increased stereotypic behavior. Therefore, for animals in managed care, social restriction can contribute to stereotypy and, by extension, reduce welfare. In this study, we examine how being alone affects stereotypic behavior by monitoring pacing and head-bobbing in individual bull Asian elephants at Denver Zoo when housed alone as well as with other bulls. Two young males arrived at Denver Zoo in September 2018 and joined an existing all-male group of three elephants that were previously socialized and housed together. From July 2018 to December 2019, we used instantaneous scan sampling to collect data on stereotypic behavior of focal bulls when they were housed alone and socially. The frequency of pacing and head-bobbing significantly decreased when the elephants were housed socially compared to when they were housed alone; these stereotypies were lower when elephants were housed with at least one other bull and were in close proximity to a conspecific. Additionally, pacing decreased as the proportion of affiliative behaviors increased, and the amount of agonistic behavior did not significantly affect stereotypic behavior. When housed alone, bulls in musth engaged in significantly more pacing behavior than when they were out of musth. Our results indicate that housing bull Asian elephants in all-male groups substantially improves their welfare by reducing stereotypies and provides a basis for future evidence-based management.}, journal={Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens}, author={Readyhough, Taylor S. and Joseph, Sharon and Davis, Maura and Moresco, Anneke and Schreier, Amy L.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{integrated approaches to howler monkey (alouatta spp.) medicine in professional care and conservation_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54792151/}, DOI={10.3389/FVETS.2022.897404}, abstractNote={Howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) are threatened by anthropogenic pressures such as habitat fragmentation and deforestation, while conservation efforts are challenging to coordinate as natural geographic distribution ranges are the largest of any New World primate. On a One Health front, howler monkeys represent a great model to investigate the infectious disease dynamics between wild primates and humans as several infectious diseases affecting howlers have a demonstrated zoonotic potential. Howler monkey populations in professional care offer a window to investigate susceptibility to diseases in this species such as yellow fever (YF) and malaria, plus a myriad of endoparasite phyla, as well as vector-borne diseases such as Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. More studies are urgently needed to provide species-specific, medically relevant information as well as clinical descriptions of animals considered medically healthy. Moreover, howler monkeys are a challenging species to breed and maintain in professional care; additionally, reproductive parameters have been published only for a handful of species in this genus. On a One Health approach communication and collaborative health surveillance involving wildlife and zoo experts will ease the identification of factors that contribute to disease emergence facilitating the integration of human, animal, and environmental health. The One Welfare concept is based on the inextricable connection among animal welfare, human welfare, and environmental conservation. Integrating One Health and One Welfare into actions both in-situ and ex-situ will promote the sustainability of the forests and restoration of the ecosystems that those species inhabit, transitioning to a comprehensive One Conservation approach.}, journal={Frontiers in Veterinary Science}, year={2022} }
 @article{mixed-species and same-species siamang pairs exhibit similar activity and proximity patterns_2022, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/52149508/}, journal={American Journal of Biological Anthropology}, year={2022} }
 @misc{abegglen_harrison_moresco_fowles_troan_kiso_schmitt_boddy_schiffman_2022, title={Of Elephants and Other Mammals: A Comparative Review of Reproductive Tumors and Potential Impact on Conservation}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/2005}, DOI={10.3390/ani12152005}, abstractNote={Simple Summary Both Asian and African elephants are endangered, and conservation efforts aim to minimize negative impacts to each species, while increasing their population sizes. Understanding factors that impact reproduction are important for conservation. Tumors can negatively impact reproductive success, particularly when they are located in the reproductive system. This article reviews the prevalence of reproductive tumors in elephants and other mammals. The impact of human tumors and treatment options are also reviewed as a comparative approach to consider potential treatment approaches for elephants diagnosed with reproductive tumors. Future studies are needed to understand the impact of these tumors on elephant conservation and to establish fertility preserving treatments. Abstract Reproductive tumors can impact conception, pregnancy, and birth in mammals. These impacts are well documented in humans, while data in other mammals are limited. An urgent need exists to understand the reproductive impact of these lesions in endangered species, because some endangered species have a documented high prevalence of reproductive tumors. This article documents that the prevalence of both benign and malignant neoplasia differs between African and Asian elephants, with Asian elephants more frequently diagnosed and negatively affected by both. The prevalence of these tumors across mammalian species is compared, and impact plus treatment options in human medicine are reviewed to inform decision making in elephants. Evidence suggests that reproductive tumors can negatively impact elephant conservation. Future studies that document reproductive outcomes, including the success of various treatment approaches in elephants with tumors will benefit conservation efforts.}, number={15}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Abegglen, Lisa M. and Harrison, Tara M. and Moresco, Anneke and Fowles, Jared S. and Troan, Brigid V and Kiso, Wendy K. and Schmitt, Dennis and Boddy, Amy M. and Schiffman, Joshua D.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{miranda_kersul_martins_gasparotto_molina_vilela_snoeck_moresco_2022, title={Pharmacological semen collection and sperm morphometric evaluation in Silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus) Linneus, 1758}, booktitle={XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal e VIII International Symposium on Animal Biology of Reproduction}, author={Miranda, F. and Kersul, M. and Martins, A. and Gasparotto, V. and Molina, K. and Vilela, J. and Snoeck, P. and Moresco, A.}, year={2022} }
 @article{moresco_feltrer‐rambaud_wolfman_agnew_2022, title={Reproductive one health in primates}, volume={9}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23325}, DOI={10.1002/ajp.23325}, abstractNote={One Health is a collaborative trans‐disciplinary approach to health; integrating human, animal, and environmental health. The focus is often on infection disease transmission and disease risk mitigation. However, One Health also includes the multidisciplinary and comparative approach to disease investigation and health of humans, animals, and the environment. One key aspect of environmental/ecosystem health is conservation, the maintenance of healthy, actively reproducing wildlife populations. Reproduction and reproductive health are an integral part of the One Health approach: the comparative aspects of reproduction can inform conservation policies or breeding strategies (in situ and ex situ) in addition to physiology and disease. Differences in reproductive strategies affect the impact poaching and habitat disruption might have on a given population, as well as ex situ breeding programs and the management of zoo and sanctuary populations. Much is known about chimpanzees, macaques, and marmosets as these are common animal models, but there is much that remains unknown regarding reproduction in many other primates. Examining the similarities and differences between and within taxonomic groups allows reasonable extrapolation for decision‐making when there are knowledge gaps. For example: (1) knowing that a species has very low reproductive rates adds urgency to conservation policy for that region or species; (2) identifying species with short or absent lactation anestrus allows ex situ institutions to better plan contraception options for specific individuals or prepare for the immediate next pregnancy; (3) recognizing that progestin contraceptives are effective contraceptives, but may be associated with endometrial hyperplasia in some species (in Lemuridae but not great apes) better guides empirical contraceptive choice; (4) recognizing the variable endometriosis prevalence across taxa improves preventive medicine programs. A summary of anatomical variation, endocrinology, contraception, pathology, and diagnostics is provided to illustrate these features and aid in routine physical and postmortem examinations as well as primate management.}, journal={American Journal of Primatology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Moresco, Anneke and Feltrer‐Rambaud, Yedra and Wolfman, Darcy and Agnew, Dalen W.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{reproductive pathology in female orangutans (pongo spp.) under managed care_2022, booktitle={Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet.}, year={2022} }
 @article{moresco_penfold_jankowski_mccain_crook_faliano_crane_wack_goodnight_han_2022, title={Reproductive suppression of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) under managed care using a GnRH immunological product}, volume={9}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21652}, DOI={10.1002/zoo.21652}, abstractNote={Giraffe present unique contraception challenges as males persistently pursue females during estrus. Year-round pursuit during frequent recurring estrus can pose significant risk under slippery conditions. Complete ovarian suppression is a useful tool in giraffe because it eliminates estrous behavior, interest from the male, and controls reproduction. Effective reproduction control in giraffes has been achieved with porcine zona pellucida, oral melengestrol acetate, and depot medroxy-progesterone acetate. However, these methods allow some degree of folliculogenesis and estrous behavior. Improvest® is a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) immunological product that elicits antibodies against GnRH and abrogates the effects of endogenous GnRH. This study evaluated the efficacy of Improvest® for gonadal suppression in seven females and one male giraffe by monitoring steroid hormones. Seven female giraffe were treated intramuscularly with an initial dose, a booster at 4 weeks and maintenance boosters at 3-month intervals (600 µg/dose) for 12 months. Six females were on supplemental contraception during the induction phase because separation from males was not possible. In the male (treated with 400 µg), testosterone concentrations decreased after the second injection. However, even with low serum testosterone concentrations, mounting (of nontreated females) behavior was still observed occasionally. Ovarian activity was suppressed in all treated females and interest by the males stopped; supplemental contraceptives (during the induction phase) did not impede the effect of Improvest®. After 15.3 months (seven doses), Improvest® was discontinued in three females which no longer needed contraception. In these females, ovarian activity was noted approximately 90 days after the last dose.}, journal={Zoo Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Moresco, Anneke and Penfold, Linda M. and Jankowski, Gwen and McCain, Stephanie and Crook, Erika and Faliano, Amanda and Crane, John and Wack, Raymund F. and Goodnight, Andrea and Han, Sushan}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @inproceedings{reproductive tract neoplasia in female western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) under managed care.  _2022, booktitle={Am. Soc. Primatol}, year={2022} }
 @article{fernandes_rahal_teixeira_mamprim_freirias_2022, title={Retrospective Study of Fractures in both Appendicular and Axial Skeletons of Birds Belonging to the Families Falconidae and Cariamidae}, volume={6}, url={https://sciforschenonline.org/journals/animal-science-research/JASR156.php}, DOI={10.16966/2576-6457.156}, abstractNote={This retrospective study aimed to identify and classify fractures in the appendicular and axial skeletons of birds from the Cariamidae and Falconidae families presented to a referral centre. Twelve of thirteen adult red-legged seriemas (Cariama cristata) had appendicular skeleton fractures and one an axial skeleton fracture. All appendicular skeleton fractures occurred in pelvic limbs, but one bird also had a thoracic limb fracture. Among the long-bone fractures, ten were of the tibiotarsus. Among these fractures, six were comminuted, two transverse and two spiral. One seriema had an ulnar spiral fracture, and two had exposed fractures of the tibiotarsus. The Falconidae included nine Carcara plancus, five Falco sparverius and two Falco femoralis. Appendicular skeleton fractures were detected in 14 Falconidae, axial skeleton fractures in one,and another bird had fractures in both skeletons. Three fractures occurred in pelvic limbs, and the other was thoracic limb fractures. Out of all the long-bone fractures, eight were found in the humerus, three of which were exposed, two comminuted, two spiral, and one oblique. Four ulna fractures were found; two of them were comminuted, one spiral and transverse. There were two comminuted radius fractures. Tibiotarsus fractures included two transversal and one comminuted fracture. In conclusion, in both families the highest prevalence of fractures was in the appendicular skeleton; however, the fractures in Cariamidae occurred mainly in the pelvic limbs, whereas the fractures in Faconidae were found more frequently in the thoracic limbs.}, number={1}, journal={J Anim Sci Res}, author={Fernandes, M.C. and Rahal, S.C. and Teixeira, C.R. and Mamprim, M.J. and Freirias, C.D.}, year={2022}, month={May}, pages={10 16966 2576–6457 156} }
 @inproceedings{serum vitamin d concentrations in sanctuary chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) in range countries_2022, booktitle={Am. Soc. Primatol}, year={2022} }
 @article{lamglait_moresco_couture_ferrell_lair_2022, title={Vaginal foreign bodies in six nonhuman primates with underlying pathological conditions}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21689}, DOI={10.1002/zoo.21689}, abstractNote={Four female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) from the same group as well as Wolf's guenon (Cercopithecus wolfi) and a Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) from a second institution presented with vaginal foreign bodies in parallel with diseases of the urogenital tract or with endocrine disorders. These foreign bodies were associated with a mild to marked, diffuse vaginitis in all cases. Underlying pathological conditions consisted of a cavernous uterine hemangioma in a 20-year-old macaque, diffuse endometritis in a 21-year-old macaque, an in situ endometrial carcinoma in a 24-year-old macaque, endometritis and an ovarian cyst-like structure in the 27-year-old Western lowland gorilla, chronic cystitis and chronic renal disease in a 24-year-old macaque, and a history of hypothyroidism with irregular reproductive cycles in the 12-year-old Wolf's guenon. Vaginal foreign bodies have been reported in nonhuman primates used in biomedical research, but their concurrence with underlying conditions has not been explored. In women, vaginal foreign bodies have been linked to serious underlying medical conditions. This case series emphasizes the recommendation to investigate this abnormal behavior for underlying medical or adverse psychosocial conditions in primates under human care.}, journal={Zoo Biology}, author={Lamglait, Benjamin and Moresco, Anneke and Couture, Émilie L. and Ferrell, Shannon T. and Lair, Stéphane}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{validation of radioimmunoassay kits for thyroxine and free thyroxine and determination of normal reference intervals for thyroid hormone serum concentrations in orangutans (pongo sp.)._2022, booktitle={Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet.}, year={2022} }
 @inproceedings{istat comparisons between chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) in range and non-range countries: pilot study.  _2022, booktitle={Am. Soc. Primatol.}, year={2022} }
 @article{yarto_fajardo_morales_moresco_arriaga_reyes-matute_2021, title={Bilateral atrial thrombosis in an African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) with cardiomyopathy, endometrial hyperplasia, and left cystic ovary}, volume={36}, url={https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2019.09.012}, DOI={10.1053/j.jepm.2019.09.012}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT A 2-year-old female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) presented to emergency for anorexia, lethargy and vulvar discharge. Tranquilization with midazolam, administration of oxygen therapy and facemask anesthesia with isoflurane were used for radiography study which showed increased radio-opacity and silhouette sign in the thoracic cavity. The patient underwent cardio-respiratory arrest during the performance of TFAST echocardiography. TFAST confirmed pleural effusion, a nodule in the chamber of the right atrium. Abdominal ultrasound revealed two fluid filled structures compatible with left ovarian cysts. Necropsy confirmed dilated cardiomyopathy, bilateral atrial thrombi, endometrial hyperplasia and two left ovarian cysts.}, journal={Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yarto, Enrique and Fajardo, Jorge and Morales, Marycarmen and Moresco, Anneke and Arriaga, Ixchel and Reyes-Matute, Alonso}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={86–89} }
 @article{cross-species efficacy of a chemically-defined, soy lecithin-based cryomedium for semen banking in imperiled wild felids_2021, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34870677/}, DOI={10.1016/J.THERIOGENOLOGY.2020.10.021}, abstractNote={Felid semen has historically been frozen using an egg yolk-based cryopreservation medium. However, the use of egg introduces several potential concerns, such as variability in composition, microbial contamination, and regulatory issues. In the present study, our aim was to compare a chemically-defined, soy-based medium (SOY) to a commercial egg yolk-based medium (TEY) for the cryopreservation of sperm in four imperiled small cat species. Semen was collected from adult male cats (n = 6 black-footed cats; n = 6 sand cats; n = 4 fishing cats; and n = 7 Pallas’ cats) via electroejaculation, split into two aliquots, and cryopreserved in SOY or TEY. Frozen-thawed samples were evaluated for sperm motility and rate of progressive motility (up to 24 h post-thaw) and acrosome status (0 and 6 h). No difference in post-thaw traits were observed between treatments in all four species. Heterologous IVF using oocytes collected laparoscopically from domestic cats demonstrated no difference among freezing treatments in percentage of mature oocytes that cleaved or the mean number of blastomeres at 48 h post-insemination. More spermatozoa frozen with SOY were bound to the zona pellucida in the sand cat (P = 0.018), but no treatment effect was observed in the other three species. These findings collectively demonstrate that SOY may be a preferable alternative to TEY for sperm cryopreservation in these four wild felid species.}, journal={Theriogenology}, year={2021} }
 @article{moresco_han_jankowski_peterson_2021, title={Diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis in a hooded capuchin (Sapajus apella)}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jmp.12513}, DOI={10.1111/jmp.12513}, abstractNote={Spontaneous endometriosis is common in women, great apes and Old World monkeys, but rare in New World monkeys. We report on the clinical diagnosis and successful combination of surgical and medical treatment in a case of spontaneous endometriosis in a diabetic hooded capuchin. Addressing this painful condition had a positive welfare impact.}, journal={Journal of Medical Primatology}, author={Moresco, Anneke and Han, Sushan and Jankowski, Gwen and Peterson, Abigail}, year={2021}, month={Apr} }
 @article{hydrometra in rock hyrax (procavia capensis) under managed care_2021, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/47335793/}, DOI={10.1638/2020-0178}, abstractNote={Abstract: In zoos, rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) are commonly maintained in groups and population control is necessary. Here we report on hydrometra prevalence in a group of rock hyraxes. Prevalence of hydrometra in this small group (4/8) far exceeds reproductive pathology prevalence previously reported for this species under managed care. Affected females were nulliparous, but had not been contracepted; instead they were maintained as a single-sex group. The first case presented as sudden death and three additional cases were diagnosed antemortem via ultrasound. Two of these underwent ovariohysterectomy to treat the severe hydrometra. The last case was a mild hydrometra and during follow-up exam was found to have spontaneously resolved. Detailed information regarding clinical presentation, diagnostics and surgical techniques are provided.}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, year={2021} }
 @article{eschweiler_clayton_moresco_mckenney_minter_suhr van haute_gasper_hayer_zhu_cooper_et al._2021, title={Host Identity and Geographic Location Significantly Affect Gastrointestinal Microbial Richness and Diversity in Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) under Human Care}, volume={11}, ISSN={2076-2615}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123399}, DOI={10.3390/ani11123399}, abstractNote={Simple Summary Since the advent of microbiome research, this field has seen an explosion of both techniques and subfields. Researchers have aimed not only to classify microbiome membership and diversity among varying hosts, but to also identify and understand new and novel microbial lineages. This wealth of knowledge continues to grow, and with it the potential to use microbiome databases as diagnostic tools. This diagnostic application is of great importance and interest in zoological settings, as it may provide a non-invasive assessment of animal health. However, before this tool can be utilized in zoos, more data are needed to assess the extent of microbial variation characteristics to each host species to know what may be problematic versus normal. The aim of this research was to characterize variation of the microbiome at the individual level within managed populations of western lowland gorillas in three zoological institutions. Abstract The last few decades have seen an outpouring of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome studies across diverse host species. Studies have ranged from assessments of GI microbial richness and diversity to classification of novel microbial lineages. Assessments of the “normal” state of the GI microbiome composition across multiple host species has gained increasing importance for distinguishing healthy versus diseased states. This study aimed to determine baselines and trends over time to establish “typical” patterns of GI microbial richness and diversity, as well as inter-individual variation, in three populations of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) under human care at three zoological institutions in North America. Fecal samples were collected from 19 western lowland gorillas every two weeks for seven months (n = 248). Host identity and host institution significantly affected GI microbiome community composition (p < 0.05), although host identity had the most consistent and significant effect on richness (p = 0.03) and Shannon diversity (p = 0.004) across institutions. Significant changes in microbial abundance over time were observed only at Denver Zoo (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that individuality contributes to most of the observed GI microbiome variation in the study populations. Our results also showed no significant changes in any individual’s microbial richness or Shannon diversity during the 7-month study period. While some microbial taxa (Prevotella, Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) were detected in all gorillas at varying levels, determining individual baselines for microbial composition comparisons may be the most useful diagnostic tool for optimizing non-human primate health under human care.}, number={12}, journal={Animals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Eschweiler, Katrina and Clayton, Jonathan B. and Moresco, Anneke and McKenney, Erin A. and Minter, Larry J. and Suhr Van Haute, Mallory J. and Gasper, William and Hayer, Shivdeep Singh and Zhu, Lifeng and Cooper, Kathryn and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Nov}, pages={3399} }
 @article{mixed-species pairs as a management strategy for gibbons and siamangs: a behavioral comparison of mixed-species and same-species pairs_2021, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/44546497/}, journal={American Journal of Physical Anthropology}, year={2021} }
 @article{stoops_moresco_o'brien_penfold_gillis_wojtusik_metrione_2021, title={Overcoming reproductive disorders in female greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) to improve artificial insemination and natural breeding success}, volume={13}, url={https://st.conferencespot.org/2021-4/pdf/v134010/fl010}, number={4}, journal={Clinical Theriogenology}, author={Stoops, M.A. and Moresco, A. and O'Brien, J.K. and Penfold, L.M. and Gillis, J. and Wojtusik, J. and Metrione, L.C.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={394–401} }
 @article{takehana_moresco_johnson_kasahara_kasahara_han_2021, title={Severe Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease in Binturongs (Arctictis binturong)}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858211020669}, DOI={10.1177/03009858211020669}, abstractNote={In a collection of 6 young binturongs (Arctictis binturong), 3 presented with anorexia, lethargy, and footpad swelling diagnosed by surgical biopsy as calcinosis circumscripta. Despite supportive care over the next 4 years, affected binturongs had progressive weight loss, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia and developed large radiodense deposits in tissues adjacent to appendicular joints, thoracolumbar vertebrae, and the sternum. Two binturongs died and necropsies showed severe periarticular mineral deposition with fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation. Additionally, binturongs had mineralization of distal renal tubules, mineralization of the renal interstitium, and marked mineralization of the pulmonary interstitium and peribronchiolar smooth muscle. Foot biopsies from the surviving binturong were evaluated by spectroscopic microanalysis and were positive for hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Periarticular and footpad mineralization in these binturongs is consistent with hydroxyapatite deposition disease, which is rarely described in humans and animals as a primary familial condition or a secondary condition often associated with renal injury.}, journal={Veterinary Pathology}, author={Takehana, Kazuya and Moresco, Anneke and Johnson, James G., III and Kasahara, Masaaki and Kasahara, Norio and Han, Sushan}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{social dynamics of a newly integrated bachelor group of asian elephants (elephas maximus): welfare implications_2021, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/44588353/}, DOI={10.1080/10888705.2021.1908141}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Male associations are a typical component of elephant society, allowing bulls to practice appropriate social behavior. To improve zoo elephant welfare, it is important to provide bulls with social opportunities. In fall 2018, Denver Zoo added two bull Asian elephants to its existing all-male group of three bulls, offering the opportunity to conduct a systematic behavioral study of the integration of the new bulls into the resident group. We recorded aggressive and affiliative behaviors before, during, and after the introduction of the new males. The proportion of aggressive behavior was significantly higher during the five-month introduction period compared to before their introduction. By the end of the study period, the elephants engaged in significantly more affiliative behavior and less aggressive behavior than during the introduction period, suggesting they had formed a new stable social dynamic. These results suggest group compatibility and positive elephant welfare resulting from housing male elephants together and can be used to inform management plans for bull elephants that prioritize their welfare.}, journal={Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science}, year={2021} }
 @article{silva_rahal_castiglioni_rolim_lima_schimming_moresco_mamprim_2021, title={Ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract of toco toucans (Ramphastos toco)}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12737}, DOI={10.1111/ahe.12737}, abstractNote={Baseline data for wall thickness in healthy toucans can be used to diagnose disease in sick individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ultrasonography for the examination of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy toco toucans (Ramphastos toco). Ten non‐anaesthetized healthy adult toco toucans were evaluated. Food was withheld for 3 h prior to the ultrasound examination. Longitudinal and transverse images of the gastrointestinal tract were obtained using ventromedian cranial and ventromedian caudal approaches to evaluate the morphology and stratification. The wall thickness of the sections was measured: proventriculus and ventriculus, duodenum, jejunum/ileum, and cloaca. Additionally, the thickness of the mucosal layer of the duodenum and jejunum/ileum was also measured. Subsequently, the ratios of the duodenal wall thickness to the duodenal mucosa layer and the total wall thickness of the jejunum/ileum to the jejunum/ileum layer mucosa were stablished. The wall thickness of the proventriculus was significantly higher than the wall thickness of ventriculus. The wall thickness of the duodenum was significantly higher than the wall thickness of jejunum/ileum. The mean ratios of the duodenal wall thickness to the duodenal mucosa layer and the wall thickness of the jejunum/ileum to the jejunum/ileum layer were 83.15% and 80.07%, respectively. In conclusion, it was possible to assess the stomach and intestines using ultrasound examination in healthy toco toucans, due to their medium body size and no interference by surrounding air sacs.}, journal={Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia}, author={Silva, Jeana Pereira and Rahal, Sheila Canevese and Castiglioni, Maria Cristina Reis and Rolim, Luna Scarpari and Lima, Whítara Ferreira and Schimming, Bruno Cesar and Moresco, Anneke and Mamprim, Maria Jaqueline}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{moresco_cutchin_larsen_stern_penfold_stringer_barfield_2021, title={Zoo clinical challenge - gorilla infertility}, volume={13}, url={https://st.conferencespot.org/2021-4/pdf/v134011/fl011}, number={4}, journal={Clinical Theriogenology}, author={Moresco, A. and Cutchin, E. and Larsen, R.S. and Stern, M. and Penfold, L.M. and Stringer, B. and Barfield, J.P.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={402–407} }
 @article{radiography and computed tomography of the heart and lower respiratory tract in toco toucans (ramphastos toco
)_2020, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12559}, DOI={10.1111/ahe.12559}, abstractNote={This study aimed to evaluate normal features of the heart and lower respiratory tract in toco toucans by means of radiography and helical computed tomography (CT) scanner. Fifteen healthy adult toco toucans (Ramphastos toco), 10 females and 5 males, average body mass of 650 g were studied. CT examination as well as right lateral and ventrodorsal radiographic examinations of the coelomic cavity were performed under chemical restraint. Heart, lungs, air sacs, trachea and syrinx were analysed. The mean values of heart length, heart width and thoracic cavity in radiographs were, respectively, 23.76 mm, 25.94 mm and 48.87 mm. In both X‐rays and CT scans, the lung parenchyma had honeycomb‐like pattern. The topographic areas of the anterior and posterior air sacs were visualized as dark and air‐filled spaces in X‐rays. On CT evaluation, the air sacs occupied a larger area in the coelomic cavity compared to X‐ray. In the lateral radiographic view, the cervical part of the trachea was positioned more ventrally in the transition from cervical to thoracic regions showing a V‐shaped appearance. In all CT planes was visible division of the trachea into the right and left main bronchi at the level of 3rd thoracic vertebra. The syrinx was difficult to visualize in X‐rays, but on CT it was easily identified in axial slice. In conclusion, the normal features of toco toucan's heart and lower respiratory tract that were determined on X‐rays and CT scans are useful to compare with sick toco toucans, as well as other bird species.}, journal={Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia}, year={2020}, month={Apr} }
 @article{moresco_munoz_gutierrez_arias-bernal_yarto-jaramillo_teixeira_pena-stadlin_troan_2020, title={Taxonomic Distribution of Neoplasia Among Non-Domestic Felid Species Under Managed Care}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122376}, DOI={10.3390/ani10122376}, abstractNote={Simple Summary Neoplasia in nondomestic felids is common, and frequently malignant. However, few studies include large sample sizes of non-Panthera felids. Jaguars are reported to potentially have genetic mutations that predispose them to cancer, but studied populations are limited to North American zoos. By including animals from USA, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil, the present study was able to include animals with widely varying genetic backgrounds, diets, and management. This study found that jaguars, lions, tigers and leopards are at a much higher risk of developing cancer than small cats. It also documented that the most common site for neoplasm development is the reproductive tract, followed by the respiratory system and then blood and lymphatic systems. These data provide support for thorough investigation of suspicious lesions to enable early detection of cancer. Abstract As evidenced by numerous case reports from zoos, neoplasia in felids is common, but most reports are limited to Panthera species in North America or Europe. In order to obtain a wider epidemiologic understanding of neoplasia distribution, necropsy records at seven facilities (USA, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil) were evaluated. In contrast to others, this study population (195 cases, 16 species), included many non-Panthera felids. Overall neoplasia prevalence was 28.2% (55/195). Panthera species had a higher prevalence of neoplasia than non-Panthera species (52.5%; vs. 13.0%). Lions (66.7%), jaguars (55.0%), and tigers (31.3%) had the highest species-specific prevalence of neoplasia. Neoplasms in Panthera species were more frequently malignant than in non-Panthera (86.1% vs. 55.6%). The systems most commonly affected were the reproductive, hematolymphoid, and respiratory. The range of management conditions and more varied genetic backgrounds support a robust taxonomic pattern and suggest that the reported propensity for neoplasia in jaguars may have a genetic basis at a taxonomic level higher than species, as lions and tigers also have high prevalence. Given the high prevalence of neoplasia and high likelihood of malignancy, routine medical exams in all nondomestic felids, but Panthera species in particular, should include thorough assessments of any clinical signs of neoplasia.}, number={12}, journal={ANIMALS}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Moresco, Anneke and Munoz, Karina E. and Gutierrez, Federico and Arias-Bernal, Leonardo and Yarto-Jaramillo, Enrique and Teixeira, Rodrigo H. F. and Pena-Stadlin, Juliana and Troan, Brigid V}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{taxonomic identification of madagascar’s free-ranging “forest cats”_2020, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1125149435}, DOI={10.1007/s10592-020-01261-x}, journal={Conservation Genetics}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{101 assessment of semen traits in servals (leptailurus serval) and canada lynx (lynx canadensis)_2019, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1110337682}, DOI={10.1071/rdv31n1ab101}, abstractNote={
Servals and Canada lynx are managed by species survival plans in North American zoos, but current populations are not sustainable. Increased knowledge of their reproductive biology would benefit breeding management and development of assisted reproductive techniques. The aims of our study were to (1) evaluate effectiveness of urethral catheterization and electroejaculation (EEJ) for semen collection; (2) characterise basal seminal traits; and (3) compare effectiveness of semen cryopreservation methods. Semen was collected from 6 servals and 9 Canada lynx via a urinary catheter (3.5 Fr×22 cm, inserted 15cm into the urethra), followed by EEJ under dexmedetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia. To assess the effect of seasonality on lynx seminal traits, semen was collected before (late January), during (mid-February to mid-March), and after (early April) the peak breeding season. Serval and lynx semen were frozen by conventional slow freezing (i.e. in 0.25-mL straws cooled to 4°C for 2h and frozen in LN vapor) in a soy lecithin-based (SOY) or egg yolk-based (TEY) extender with 4% glycerol and by ultra-rapid freezing (URF; direct pelleting into LN at ≈104°C/min) in SOY medium with 0.2M sucrose. To evaluate post-thaw sperm function in servals, heterologous IVF of domestic cat oocytes was performed, with cleavage rate assessed at 48h post-insemination. Data were analysed by one-way or repeated-measures ANOVA. Data are mean±standard deviation. Sperm recovery by urethral catheterization was negligible in both species, but EEJ allowed sperm collection in all males. Lynx seminal traits were similar during breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Testicular volume (4.81±1.17cm3) and sperm quality (13±11×106 sperm/ejaculate; 49±14% motility; 29±12% normal morphology; 74±13% acrosome integrity) were consistent with previous findings in the lynx genus. Post-thaw sperm quality in lynx has not yet been evaluated. In servals, testes volume was 6.56±2.11cm3 with good sperm quality for most males (46±36×106 sperm/ejaculate; 75±20% motility; 56±36% normal morphology; 84±7% acrosome integrity). Post-thaw, serval sperm acrosome integrity (31±15, 21±13, 24±13% at 0h for TEY, SOY, and URF, respectively; P>0.05) and motility (40±21% at 0h, 20±11% at 6h for TEY; 24±19% at 0h, 6±4% at 6h for SOY; 21±16% at 0h, 3±2% at 6h for URF; treatment: P>0.05; time: P<0.05; interaction: P>0.05) declined substantially. However, thawed sperm could fertilize domestic cat oocytes with no difference among treatments in cleavage success (53±6, 47±4, or 49±14%; TEY, SOY, and URF, respectively; P>0.05), indicating that standard freezing methods are effective in servals. Our findings provide zoos with valuable information about normative reproductive traits in both species.
Supported by IMLS and the Roger & Kathy Gross Post-doctoral Fellowship.
}, journal={Reproduction Fertility and Development}, year={2019} }
 @article{102 sperm cryopreservation with a soy lecithin-based medium in black-footed cats (felis nigripes) and sand cats (felis margarita)_2019, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1110337683}, DOI={10.1071/rdv31n1ab102}, abstractNote={
Felid semen has historically been frozen using an egg yolk-based cryopreservation medium (TEY). However, the use of egg introduces several potential concerns, such as variability in composition, microbial contamination, and regulatory issues. Our recent research has focused on developing an animal protein-free medium containing soy lecithin (SOY). Our studies revealed that SOY was superior to TEY for freezing domestic cat sperm and provided similar results for freezing ocelot, Pallas’ cat, and fishing cat sperm. The objective of this study was to compare SOY to the standard TEY for sperm cryopreservation in 2 wild cat species: the black-footed cat and sand cat. Semen was collected from adult male cats (n=6/species) via electroejaculation, split into 2 aliquots, centrifuged, resuspended in either SOY or TEY, slow-cooled, and frozen in straws over nitrogen vapor. Sperm motility [percent progressively motile (PPM); rate of progressive motility on 0-5 scale (RPM)] was evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 24h post-thaw and acrosome status (AC) was assessed at 0 and 6h post-thaw. Heterologous IVF was performed using oocytes collected laparoscopically from gonadotropin-treated domestic cats. At 48h post-insemination, Hoechst33342 staining was used to determine oocyte stage, number of blastomeres, and number of accessory sperm (AS) bound to the zona pellucida of embryos and mature oocytes. Percent progressively motile, RPM, and AC were analysed with repeated-measures ANOVA; embryo cleavage, blastomere number, and AS number were analysed with one-way ANOVA. All data are reported as least squares means±average standard error. In the black-footed cat, PPM, RPM, and AC of SOY-treated sperm (32.5±4.0% motile, 2.8±0.2 RPM, 41.8±4.1% intact; 0h) did not differ from TEY-treated sperm (44.2±4.0% motile, 2.8±0.2 RPM, 46.8±4.1% intact; 0h) at any post-thaw time point (P > 0.05). Similarly, in the sand cat, post-thaw PPM, RPM, and AC of SOY-treated sperm (36.7±5.2% motile, 2.6±0.2 progression, 53.3±5.8% intact; 0h) did not differ from TEY-treated sperm (45.8±5.2% motile, 2.8±0.2 RPM, 51.0±5.8% intact; 0h) at any time point (P > 0.05). In black-footed cats, neither embryo cleavage (34.1±10.9% SOY; 58.5±10.9% TEY), blastomere number (7.8±0.8 SOY; 6.3±0.8 TEY), nor AS (3.5±0.8 SOY; 1.7±0.8 TEY) differed between treatments (P > 0.05). Sand cat results were similar, with no difference between SOY and TEY for cleavage (44.7±10.8% SOY; 40.6±10.8% TEY) or blastomere number (7.4±2.0 SOY; 6.7±2.0 TEY) (P > 0.05), but AS was higher in SOY-treated sperm (4.3±0.2 SOY; 3.5±0.2 TEY, P=0.0183). These data collectively demonstrate that our SOY medium was an effective substitute to TEY for sperm cryopreservation in the black-footed cat and sand cat. The replacement of an egg yolk-based cryomedium with a chemically defined, animal protein-free alternative represents a significant advance in quality control and biosecurity for felid semen banking and should augment the use of assisted reproduction for population management of imperiled cats.
Funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services.
}, journal={Reproduction Fertility and Development}, year={2019} }
 @inbook{asa_moresco_2019, place={Cham}, title={Fertility Control in Wildlife: Review of Current Status, Including Novel and Future Technologies}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_17}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_17}, abstractNote={Wildlife conservation requires varying degrees of management of endangered species as well as management of their potential predators and competitors. Conservation also depends on ameliorating human-wildlife conflict, especially where there is a threat to the safety of people and of their pets and livestock. In addition, sustainability of wildlife populations can be affected by feral domestic animals or invasive species, that require removal or control. With the increasing concern for animal welfare, non-lethal methods of limiting population size and distribution, such as fertility control, are gaining favor. Breeding programs in zoos depend on highly effective and selective contraception to manage sustainable insurance populations. This review covers fertility control methods currently in use, those that have not lived up to past promises, and others that are under development and present hope for addressing remaining challenges.}, booktitle={Reproductive Sciences in Animal Conservation}, publisher={Springer}, author={Asa, C. and Moresco, A.}, year={2019}, pages={507–543} }
 @article{retrospective characterization of reproductive tract lesions in relation to age, parity, and contraception in captive suidae and tayassuidae_2019, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1111502224}, DOI={10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.012}, abstractNote={Reproductive management in zoos requires contraception or physical separation of sexes to ensure captive population viability, but information is sparse on the effects of parity, age, and contraceptive use on lifetime reproductive health in captive Suidae and Tayassuidae species. This retrospective study evaluated reproductive tissues and histories from babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa), red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus), Visayan warty pig (Sus cebifrons), common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), domestic cross pig (Sus scrofa), Sunda island pig (Sus celebensis timoriensis), Eurasian boar (Sus scrofa), Bornean bearded pig (Sus barbatus), Ossabaw island hog (Sus scrofa domesticus), Guinea hog (Sus scrofa domesticus), Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), and collared peccary (Pecari tajacu). Age, parity, litter size, time-since-last-parturition, contraception exposure and type, and lesion prevalence were recorded. Reported chemical contraceptives used in females included porcine zona pellucida vaccine, progestins, GnRH analogues (deslorelin and leuprolide). Average litter size was significantly different between species (p < 0.0001) with the common warthog having the largest average litter size (3.5 ± 0.2 offspring/litter). There was a trend for age to be positively correlated with leiomyoma/sarcomas (r = 0.6135; p = 0.0789). Progestins (medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate) were positively correlated (r = 0.8946; p = 0.0161) and GnRH analogues (deslorelin, leuprolide; subcutaneous) were negatively correlated with ovarian cysts (r = 0.9743; p = 0.0010). Across all species, there was a trend for age to be negatively correlated with folliculogenesis (r = −0.6528; p = 0.0566) and parturition gap length to be negatively correlated with follicular cysts (r = −0.8944; p = 0.1). Common warthog, babirusa, and Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs had the greatest diversity of uterine lesions and the highest prevalence of reproductive tract lesions of all species evaluated. Four of the 27 males (14.5%) in the dataset had testicular tumors. All males had prominent testicular interstitial cell populations, which appears to be within normal limits for these species. These data suggest prolonged gaps between pregnancies, age, and contraception are risk factors for reproductive tract lesions in Suidae.}, journal={Theriogenology}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
 @article{59 effect of pellet volume and thawing temperature on vitrification efficacy with domestic cat semen collected via urethral catheterization_2017, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1058211324}, DOI={10.1071/rdv29n1ab59}, abstractNote={Historically, semen banking in felids has required sample collection via electroejaculation followed by sperm freezing in straws over LN2 vapor. Recent modifications include urethral catheterization of males treated with α-2 agonists for semen recovery and vitrification of cat sperm by suspension in a sucrose-based cryomedium and direct pelleting into LN2. In combination, these latter methods greatly simplify semen cryopreservation in cats but protocols need to be optimized for applied usage. In the present study, our goal was to assess the effect of 2 variables-pellet volume and thawing temperature-on post-thaw sperm motility, acrosome status, and in vitro fertility. Semen was collected from 3 males (3 ejaculates/male) via urethral catheterization under dexmedetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia. Sperm were diluted in Feline Optimized Culture Medium (FOCM), centrifuged (8 min; 300×g), and resuspended in a soy-lecithin-based vitrification medium (with 0.2M sucrose). After a 5-min equilibration, sperm was vitrified in 2 volumes (20 or 30µL) by direct pipetting into LN2. Sperm pellets were thawed in FOCM at 1 of 2 temperatures (37 or 55°C) and the 4 treatment groups (20µL-37°C, 20-55, 30-37, 30-55) assessed for percentage of progressively motile and acrosome intact sperm. To assess sperm function, additional 30-µL pellets were thawed at 37 or 55°C, and recovered sperm were used to inseminate in vitro-matured domestic cat oocytes (n=10-25/ejaculate). At 48h post-insemination, oocytes and embryos were fixed (1% NBF). Hoechst fluorescent stain (#33342) was used to evaluate embryo cleavage and maturation status of unfertilized ova. Sperm motility and acrosomal integrity percentages were analysed by ANOVA, and oocyte cleavage proportions were analysed by chi-squared. Mean (±SEM) progressive sperm motility post-thaw did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments (38±8, 34±7, 41±7, 32±7% for 20µL-37°C; 20-55, 30-37, and 30-55, respectively). Similarly, acrosomal integrity did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments (26±4, 25±4, 17±3, 17±2% for 20µL-37°C, 20-55, 30-37, and 30-55, respectively). Oocyte cleavage proportions did not differ (P>0.05) between thawing temperatures for total inseminated oocytes but, after correcting for oocyte maturation status, was higher (P<0.01) for samples thawed at 55°C (60%, 67/112) compared with 37°C (39%, 52/133). In summary, although variations in pellet volume and thawing temperature had minimal effect on sperm motility or acrosome status immediately post-thaw, sperm function appeared to be enhanced when vitrified pellets were thawed at a higher temperature. In vitro fertility success (~60% embryo cleavage) is comparable to values reported by our laboratory with conventionally collected and frozen cat semen, suggesting these newer methods may be suitable for applied usage in felids.}, journal={Reproduction Fertility and Development}, year={2017} }
 @inbook{abstract tmem-020: ovarian adenocarcinoma in jaguars (
                    panthera onca
                    ): a naturally-occurring model of human inherited ovarian cancer?_2017, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1096888774}, DOI={10.1158/1557-3265.ovcasymp16-tmem-020}, abstractNote={Jaguars are an endangered species and represent the only felid in the Americas from the genus Panthera. Wild jaguars continue to be threatened by habitat loss and other human impacts; therefore, maintaining a healthy breeding population in zoological institutions is critical to jaguar survival. Ovarian adenocarcinoma (OC) commonly occurs in adult jaguars housed in North American zoological institutions, and is an important cause of mortality in this population. This neoplasm is very rare in domestic cats and has not been reported in other zoo felids. Archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) reproductive tissues from 55 female jaguars were examined. OC was confirmed histologically in 22 (40%) jaguars originating from 17 zoological institutions. Seven jaguars with OC were traced back to one breeding pair, and pedigree analysis shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic pathogenesis of ovarian adenocarcinoma in jaguars by identifying an inherited germline mutation in BRCA1, BRCA2 or other cancer genes with known involvement in human ovarian and breast cancer. A candidate gene approach was used for investigation, as minimal wild type gene sequences are available for the jaguar, and no previous studies have been undertaken to investigate genetic mechanisms of disease in this species. By utilizing genomic information available from closely related species, a targeted library preparation and next-generation sequencing approach was used to evaluate exon sequences of multiple cancer genes (n=276) in paired OC and normal FFPE tissues from each jaguar. Probes designed in this assay captured the majority of target regions, covering 92% of total base pairs within the 1.4 Mbp target region. Average depth across FFPE samples was 114x. Multiple variants were detected in jaguar candidate genes. One variant of interest in BRCA2 exon 11 includes a single nucleotide variant in the jaguar sequence that corresponds to position c.3732 in humans. The c.3732C>G variant gives rise to the substitution p.Ser1252Arg which is predicted to be potentially deleterious. This variant was present in all jaguar samples, but demonstrates loss of heterozygosity in the jaguar ovarian adenocarcinomas compared to paired normal tissues. This variant is in the region of exon 11 containing several amino acid (BRC) repeats essential for RAD51 binding. Maintaining genetic diversity in endangered animals, such as the jaguar, while preserving the species in zoological institutions by captive breeding is an important aspect of their conservation. Identifying a germline mutation associated with OC in jaguars will enable the identification of mutation carriers and will allow for educated breeding decisions, better disease monitoring, and earlier intervention. Jaguars may also be a naturally-occurring animal model that parallels hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome in humans. Citation Format: Sarah Corner, DVM, MS, Dipl ACVP, Maciej Parys, DVM, PhD, Anneke Moresco, DVM, PhD, Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, PhD, and Dalen Agnew, DVM, PhD, Dipl ACVP. OVARIAN ADENOCARCINOMA IN JAGUARS (PANTHERA ONCA): A NATURALLY-OCCURRING MODEL OF HUMAN INHERITED OVARIAN CANCER? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr TMEM-020.}, year={2017}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{corner_2017, title={Ovarian adenocarcinoma in jaguars (Panthera onca): a naturally-occurring model of human inherited ovarian cancer?}, url={http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/23/11_Supplement/TMEM-020}, booktitle={11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium}, author={Corner, Sarah}, year={2017}, pages={–020} }
 @article{lau_moresco_woods_reilly_hawkins_murphy_hollingsworth_hacker_freeman_2017, title={Presumptive keratoglobus in a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus)}, volume={20}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84979745105&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vop.12413}, abstractNote={A juvenile to young adult, male, great horned owl (Bubo virginianus,GHOW) was presented to the wildlife rehabilitation hospital at Lindsay Wildlife Museum (WRHLWM) due to trauma to the right patagium from barbed wire entanglement. On presentation, both corneas were irregular, dry, and no movement of the third eyelid was noted. A severe corneal enlargement/globoid appearance was the predominant ophthalmic feature. The fundus was normal in both eyes (OU). Over the course of several days, both corneas developed edema combined with further dessication at the ocular surface associated with diffuse dorsal fluorescein stain uptake. Repeated ophthalmic examinations found normal intraocular pressures and an inability to move the third eyelid over the enlarged corneas. The bird was deemed nonreleasable due to severe wing damage and poor prognosis associated with eye abnormalities and was humanely euthanized. Postmortem CT, enucleation, and histopathology were performed to evaluate the ocular anatomical abnormality and confirm the suspected diagnosis of keratoglobus. This GHOW represents the first reported case of presumptive keratoglobus in a raptor.}, number={6}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, author={Lau, R.K. and Moresco, A. and Woods, S.J. and Reilly, C.M. and Hawkins, M.G. and Murphy, C.J. and Hollingsworth, S.R. and Hacker, D. and Freeman, K.S.}, year={2017}, pages={560–567} }
 @article{thompson_wolf_robertson_colburn_moreno_moresco_napier_nofs_2017, title={SERIAL ULTRASOUND to ESTIMATE FETAL GROWTH CURVES in SOUTHERN TAMANDUA (TAMANDUA TETRADACTYLA)}, volume={48}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85026556645&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/2016-0197R1.1}, abstractNote={Abstract From 2012 to 2015, 16 pregnancies were monitored by ultrasonography in nine tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla) housed in three zoological facilities. Sonographic measurements were recorded to establish fetal growth curves using thoracic and skull landmarks described for giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). All pregnancies resulted in the uncomplicated delivery of healthy offspring, thus gestational development was considered normal. These data may be used as a reference for normal fetal development with potential for estimating parturition date in the absence of breeding data.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Thompson, R. and Wolf, T.M. and Robertson, H. and Colburn, M.W. and Moreno, A. and Moresco, A. and Napier, A.E. and Nofs, S.A.}, year={2017}, pages={294–297} }
 @article{greene_wallen_moresco_goodwin_drea_2016, title={Reproductive endocrine patterns and volatile urinary compounds of Arctictis binturong: Discovering why bearcats smell like popcorn}, volume={103}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84964048532&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00114-016-1361-4}, abstractNote={Members of the order Carnivora rely on urinary scent signaling, particularly for communicating about reproductive parameters. Here, we describe reproductive endocrine patterns in relation to urinary olfactory cues in a vulnerable and relatively unknown viverrid--the binturong (Arctictis binturong). Female binturongs are larger than and dominate males, and both sexes engage in glandular and urinary scent marking. Using a large (n = 33), captive population, we collected serum samples to measure circulating sex steroids via enzyme immunoassay and urine samples to assay volatile chemicals via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Male binturongs had expectedly greater androgen concentrations than did females but, more unusually, had equal estrogen concentrations, which may be linked to male deference. Males also expressed a significantly richer array of volatile chemical compounds than did females. A subset of these volatile chemicals resisted decay at ambient temperatures, potentially indicating their importance as long-lasting semiochemicals. Among these compounds was 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is typically produced at high temperatures by the Maillard reaction and is likely to be responsible for the binturong's characteristic popcorn aroma. 2-AP, the only compound expressed by all of the subjects, was found in greater abundance in males than females and was significantly and positively related to circulating androstenedione concentrations in both sexes. This unusual compound may have a more significant role in mammalian semiochemistry than previously appreciated. Based on these novel data, we suggest that hormonal action and potentially complex chemical reactions mediate communication of the binturong's signature scent and convey information about sex and reproductive state.}, number={5-6}, journal={Science of Nature}, author={Greene, L.K. and Wallen, T.W. and Moresco, A. and Goodwin, T.E. and Drea, C.M.}, year={2016} }
 @article{asa_bauman_devery_zordan_camilo_boutelle_moresco_2014, title={Factors Associated With Uterine Endometrial Hyperplasia and Pyometra in Wild Canids: Implications for Fertility}, volume={33}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/28818639/}, DOI={10.1002/ZOO.21069}, abstractNote={The ability to safely and effectively manage reproduction is central to the success of AZA captive-breeding programs. Although the AZA Wildlife Contraception Center routinely monitors contraceptive safety, there have been no studies that compare the effects of contraceptive use to separation of males from females, the other option for preventing reproduction. We used retrospective medical records and pathology reports submitted by AZA and related facilities for the seven AZA-managed canid species to assess rates of uterine pathology relative to female reproductive life histories. Our results showed that the prevalence of both pyometra and endometrial hyperplasia (EH) was associated not only with treatment with the two most common contraceptives (Suprelorin® and MGA implants) but also with the number of years barren (i.e., not producing a litter and not contracepted). Rates of pyometra and EH were especially high in African painted dogs and red wolves, but lowest in swift and fennec foxes. The number of years producing a litter had a low association, suggesting it could be protective against uterine pathology. A more recently developed Suprelorin® protocol using Ovaban® to prevent the initial stimulation phase, followed by implant removal when reversal is desired, may be a safer contraceptive option. These results concerning the relationship between reproductive management and uterine health have important implications for AZA-managed programs, since the unsustainability of many captive populations may be due at least in part to infertility. Managing a female's reproductive lifespan to optimize or maintain fertility will require a reconsideration of how breeding recommendations are formulated.}, number={1}, journal={Zoo Biology}, author={Asa, C.S. and Bauman, K.L. and Devery, S. and Zordan, M. and Camilo, G.R. and Boutelle, S. and Moresco, A.}, year={2014}, pages={8–19} }
 @article{moresco_dadone_arble_klaphake_agnew_2014, title={Location and removal of deslorelin acetate implants in female african lions (panthera leo)}, volume={45}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902955748&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/2013-0109R1.1}, abstractNote={Abstract: Contraception is necessary to manage zoo animal populations and to be able to house animals in groups without producing additional unwanted offspring. In felids and canids, an association between exposure to progestins and the occurrence of endometrial and mammary gland pathology has been documented. Therefore, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Wildlife Contraceptive Center recommends the use of deslorelin acetate for long-term contraception in carnivores. Return to cyclicity after deslorelin treatment has been variable; some individuals show ovarian suppression for long periods after the expected end of the deslorelin efficacy. In an attempt to reduce the time to reversal, techniques to locate and remove previous implants are being developed. This report documents the successful implementation of high-frequency ultrasonography in lions (Panthera leo) to locate and direct surgical removal of multiple deslorelin implants placed at least 2 yr previously as well as the return of follicular activity in both females at 7 months post-removal of implants.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Moresco, A. and Dadone, L. and Arble, J. and Klaphake, E. and Agnew, D.W.}, year={2014}, pages={397–401} }
 @book{moresco_larsen_2014, title={Viverrids}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84926251048&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/9781118792919.ch43}, abstractNote={Within the Viverridae family, there are now 4 subfamilies and 35 species listed. This chapter presents a list of Latin names, common names, weight ranges, and longevities in a table. In most cases, it is difficult to safely handle viverrids for examination and sample collection solely using physical restraint techniques. The chapter discusses physical restraint, chemical restraint and anesthesia techniques used for viverrids. Endotracheal intubation of viverrids is generally straightforward because the mouth of the viverrid can be opened wide. Anesthetic induction is often achieved with injectable drugs. The most commonly used combinations include a dissociative agent and either an alpha-two adrenergic agonist or a benzodiazepine. The main consideration during an anesthetic event is safety for the animal and personnel. During recovery, the animal should be in a quiet place and isolated from other animals, but where it can be observed as it recovers.}, journal={Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia: Second Edition}, author={Moresco, A. and Larsen, R.S.}, year={2014}, pages={619–625} }
 @article{moresco_larsen_2014, title={Viverrids}, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34685692/}, DOI={10.1002/9780470376478.CH37}, abstractNote={This chapter contains section titled: Taxonomy and Biology Related to Anesthesia and Handling Anatomy and Physiology Related to Anesthesia Analgesia Physical Restraint Techniques Drug Delivery Vascular Access Sites Endotracheal Intubation Field Techniques and Strategies Body Weight Ranges for Commonly Encountered Species Anesthetic Induction Agents Complications Recovery References}, journal={ZOO ANIMAL AND WILDLIFE IMMOBILIZATION AND ANESTHESIA, 2ND EDITION}, author={Moresco, A. and Larsen, S.}, year={2014}, pages={429–435} }
 @article{godoy_dalbeck_tell_woods_colwell_robinson_wethington_moresco_woolcock_ernest_2013, title={Characterization of avian poxvirus in Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna) in California, USA}, volume={49}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84887118569&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.7589/2012-09-230}, abstractNote={Abstract Avian poxvirus (genus Avipoxvirus, family Poxviridae) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that may be transmitted to birds by arthropod vectors or mucosal membrane contact with infectious particles. We characterized the infection in Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna; n = 5 birds, n = 9 lesions) by conducting diagnostic tests on skin lesions that were visually similar to avian poxvirus lesions in other bird species. Skin lesions were single or multiple, dry and firm, pink to yellow, with scabs on the surface, and located at the base of the bill, wings, or legs. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and necrosis with ballooning degeneration, and intracytoplasmic inclusions (Bollinger bodies) in keratinocytes. The 4b core gene sequence of avian poxvirus was detected by PCR in samples prepared from lesions. Nucleotide sequences were 75–94% similar to the sequences of other published avian poxvirus sequences. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Anna's Hummingbird poxvirus sequence was distinguished as a unique subclade showing similarities with sequences isolated from Ostrich (Struthio camelus), Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), falcons (Falco spp.), Black-browed Albatross (Diomedea melanophris), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) and White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). To our knowledge this is the first published report of definitive laboratory diagnosis of avian poxvirus in a hummingbird. Our results advance the science of disease ecology in hummingbirds, providing management information for banders, wildlife rehabilitators, and avian biologists.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Wildlife Diseases}, author={Godoy, L.A. and Dalbeck, L.S. and Tell, L.A. and Woods, L.W. and Colwell, R.R. and Robinson, B. and Wethington, S.M. and Moresco, A. and Woolcock, P.R. and Ernest, H.B.}, year={2013}, pages={978–985} }
 @article{moresco_agnew_2013, title={REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SURVEILLANCE IN ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, volume={44}, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1039968418}, DOI={10.1638/1042-7260-44.4s.s26}, abstractNote={Abstract:  For over 25 years, the Reproductive Health Surveillance Program has collected, processed, evaluated, and archived reproductive tracts from nondomestic mammals submitted by zoos. The analysis of the data from this archive has been used to recognize lesions associated with exposure to certain contraceptives; but arguably more importantly, to also document naturally occurring lesions. The goals of this program are to enhance the reproductive management of captive and free-ranging species by providing information about the effects of various contraceptives and to provide basic information regarding the natural reproductive histories and naturally occurring lesions in male and female zoo animals.}, number={4 SUPPL}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Moresco, A. and Agnew, D.W.}, year={2013}, month={Dec} }
 @inproceedings{sauther_cuozzo_larsen_moresco_norris_simai_youssouf_2012, place={MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}, title={Climatic effects on wild ring-tailed lemur biomedical values at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar}, volume={147}, DOI={https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22033}, abstractNote={American Journal of Physical AnthropologyVolume 147, Issue S54 p. 80-311 AAPA AbstractFree Access Abstracts of AAPA poster and podium presentations First published: 13 February 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22033Citations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume147, IssueS54Supplement: Program of the 81st Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists2012Pages 80-311 RelatedInformation}, booktitle={American Association of Physical Anthropologists}, publisher={COMMERCE PLACE}, author={Sauther, M.L. and Cuozzo, F.P. and Larsen, R.S. and Moresco, A. and Norris, A. and Simai, A. and Youssouf, I.A.J.}, year={2012}, pages={259–259} }
 @article{climatic effects on wild ring-tailed lemur biomedical values at the beza mahafaly special reserve, madagascar_2012, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34685695/}, journal={American Journal of Physical Anthropology}, year={2012} }
 @article{ley_moresco_frasca_2012, title={Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) found in association with Mycoplasma sturni infection and cryptosporidiosis}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0307-9457"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84867852211&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/03079457.2012.697624}, abstractNote={Fledgling cliff swallows were cared for at a rehabilitation facility when clinical signs of ocular disease, characterized by conjunctivitis, epiphora, and hyperaemia of palpebrae and nictitans, were recognized. Treatment consisted of topical and oral antibiotic therapy and one topical steroid administration. However, one cliff swallow died and three were killed due to poor therapeutic response. Conjunctival swabs were obtained ante-mortem from the three cliff swallows and were submitted for mycoplasma culture and molecular diagnostics. Heads of the three birds were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and submitted for histopathologic examination of oculonasal tissues. Mycoplasma cultures and molecular evaluation of isolates identified Mycoplasma sturni, but not Mycoplasma gallisepticum, from each specimen. Histopathologic examination revealed lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis, rhinitis and infraorbital sinusitis with follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, epithelial hyperplasia, and protozoal stages compatible with Cryptosporidium spp. arranged in and along the apical surfaces of epithelial cells. Identification of concurrent M. sturni and Cryptosporidium spp. infections in these cliff swallows demonstrates an alternative infectious condition that can produce gross and microscopic lesions comparable with those commonly observed in M. gallisepticum infections of house finches and other passerine species. Conjunctivitis associated with M. sturni and Cryptosporidium spp. in cliff swallows may represent an emerging disease risk to a naïve, high-density and colonial species such as colony-nesting cliff swallows.}, number={4}, journal={AVIAN PATHOLOGY}, author={Ley, David H. and Moresco, Anneke and Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.}, year={2012}, pages={395–401} }
 @article{survival of a wild ring-tailed lemur ( lemur catta ) with abdominal trauma in an anthropogenically disturbed habitat_2012, url={https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1050109349}, DOI={10.4314/mcd.v7i1.9}, abstractNote={Soft tissue injuries are rarely reported in wild primates as these heal fast, are not obvious, and are rapidly scavenged or decompose after death. An adult female ring - tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was found to have a chronic gastrointestinal fistula in Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. She was observed monthly for 13 months until her remains, which showed evidence of dog predation, were found. Until then, she was in good body condition, had gained weight from the previous year and was observed to exhibit normal behaviour and produce an infant. This report documents a wild strepsirrhine primate able to survive significant soft tissue injury in an anthropogenically disturbed habitat.}, journal={Madagascar Conservation & Development}, year={2012}, month={Jul} }
 @article{contraception health surveillance in wildlife and zoos; a tool for comparative reproductive pathology_2011, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34685699/}, journal={EcoHealth}, year={2011} }
 @article{larsen_moresco_sauther_cuozzo_2011, title={Field anesthesia of wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) using tiletamine-zolazepam, medetomidine, and butorphanol}, volume={42}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79952819949&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/2010-0144.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Telazol® has been commonly used for field anesthesia of wild lemurs, including ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Telazol alone provides good induction, but doesn't cause adequate muscle relaxation and sedation for collecting consistent somatic measurements and high-quality dental impressions that are sometimes needed. Variability in induction response has been seen between individuals that have received similar dosages, with young lemurs seeming to need more anesthetic than mature lemurs. This investigation evaluated Telazol induction in young (2.0–4.9 yr) and mature (≥5.0 yr) ring-tailed lemurs and compared postinduction supplementation with medetomidine or medetomidine–butorphanol. Forty-eight lemurs were anesthetized with Telazol administered via blow dart; then, 20 min after darting, they were supplemented via hand injection with either medetomidine (0.04 mg/kg) or medetomidine–butorphanol (0.04 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively). The odds ratio for young lemurs to need more than one dart for induction, relative to mature lemurs, was 3.8, even though the initial dose of Telazol received by young lemurs (19 ± 7 mg/kg) was significantly higher than the initial dose administered to mature lemurs (12 ± 5 mg/kg). The total Telazol dosage was also significantly different between young lemurs (33 ± 15 mg/kg) and mature lemurs (18 ± 9 mg/kg). Both medetomidine and medetomidine–butorphanol provided good muscle relaxation and sedation for all procedures. Physiologic values were similar between the two protocols. Oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry was generally good, although there were a few SaO2 values <90%. Recoveries were smooth, but long. Time to head up was correlated with total Telazol dosage in mature lemurs. In young lemurs, time to standing was correlated with Telazol induction dosage and time of last Telazol administration. Lemurs that received hand injections of Telazol took longer to recover than those that did not. Further refinements are needed to increase induction reliability and to decrease recovery time, particularly in young lemurs.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Larsen, R.S. and Moresco, A. and Sauther, M.L. and Cuozzo, F.P.}, year={2011}, pages={75–87} }
 @article{prospecting for urinary chemical signals in binturongs (arctictis binturong)_2011, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34685697/}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, year={2011} }
 @article{moresco_larsen_lassiter_2009, title={Evaluation of the effects of naloxone on recovery time and quality after ketamine-medetomidinebutorphanol anesthesia in servals (Leptailurus Serval)}, volume={40}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67651012605&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/2008-0078.1}, abstractNote={Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether the administration of naloxone (NAL) had an impact on the speed or quality of recovery in servals anesthetized with ketamine, butorphanol, and medetomidine. Twenty-two clinically healthy, captive servals (Leptailurus serval) were anesthetized for routine physical examinations using ketamine (3 mg/kg), medetomidine (0.03 mg/kg), and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg). Eleven animals were administered atipamezole (5 mg/mg medetomidine) and NAL (0.1 mg/mg butorphanol), while the other 11 were administered atipamezole (5 mg/mg medetomidine) and sterile saline (SAL). There was no statistically significant difference in recovery time between the NAL and the SAL group; similarly, there were no significant differences between groups at any time point for the measures of quality of recovery used in this study. This investigation was unable to detect a clinically significant difference in anesthetic recovery for servals that received NAL relative to those that did not. These results suggest that butorphanol does not routinely need to be antagonized in captive servals that are anesthetized with these dosages of ketamine, medetomidine, and butorphanol. It may be more important to administer opioid antagonists in free-ranging animals, where residual sedation would be more detrimental. In these cases, a long-acting antagonist, such as naltrexone, may be indicated. An opioid antagonist, such as NAL or naltrexone, should always be available for emergency administration whenever opioids are used. Additionally, this study provided physiologic data for servals anesthetized with a ketamine-medetomidine-butorphanol combination.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Moresco, A. and Larsen, R.S. and Lassiter, A.J.}, year={2009}, pages={289–295} }
 @article{moresco_munson_gardner_2009, title={Naturally occurring and melengestrol acetate-associated reproductive tract lesions in zoo canids}, volume={46}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-75649147403&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1354/vp.08-VP-0293-M-FL}, abstractNote={As husbandry practices have improved, safe and effective contraception for captive wildlife management has become a necessity. Melengestrol acetate (MGA), a synthetic progestin, is highly effective and has been used in many zoo species. Long-term use of MGA has been associated with uterine lesions in zoo felids, but effects in zoo canids have not been evaluated. This retrospective study documented spontaneously occurring lesions and investigated the impact of MGA on the reproductive health of zoo canids. Reproductive tracts from adult females were submitted by US zoos to the Association of Zoos & Aquariums' Wildlife Contraception Center Health Surveillance Program. Reproductive tracts were sampled and processed for histopathologic examination following standard protocols. Microscopic evaluations were performed without prior knowledge of MGA treatment status. Prevalence of uterine lesions was evaluated and compared between MGA-treated animals (n = 20) and control (untreated) animals (n = 61). Common lesions within the study population as a whole included endometrial hyperplasia (predominantly cystic) (53%), hydrometra (33%), and adenomyosis (25%). Treatment with MGA was a risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia, hydrometra, fibrosis, and adenomyosis. Uterine mineralization occurred exclusively in MGA-treated animals. Results indicate that MGA contraception can lead to lesions that may permanently impair the fertility of females. Therefore, if long-term contraception of zoo canids is necessary, the use of alternate methods of reproductive control such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs or GnRH vaccines that reduce gonadal hormone exposure should be pursued.}, number={6}, journal={Veterinary Pathology}, author={Moresco, A. and Munson, L. and Gardner, I.A.}, year={2009}, pages={1117–1128} }
 @article{munson_moresco_2007, title={Comparative pathology of mammary gland cancers in domestic and wild animals}, volume={28}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36549023152&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3233/BD-2007-28102}, abstractNote={Mammary cancer occurs among all taxonomic groups, and comparing the disease in animals with breast cancer in women could greatly improve our understanding of the relevant risk factors and genetic profiles for this disease. Differences in cancer prevalence between carnivores and herbivores and between captive and wild carnivores are striking and support the hypotheses that diet and reproductive history are major risk factors. Domestic dogs and cats have a high prevalence of mammary tumors, and the majority of tumors in cats are aggressive cancers. Many domestic dogs and cats are prevented from breeding, resulting in their being exposed to recurrent estrogen peaks followed by high persistent levels of progesterone. Therefore progesterone appears to be a significant risk factor for cancer development. Supporting this suspicion is the observation that most mammary cancers in zoo cats are in those treated with the potent synthetic progestin contraceptive, melengestrol acetate. The more common morphologic types of mammary cancer in canids and felids include tubulopapillary, solid, cribriform, comedo and anaplastic carcinomas. Dogs also develop complex carcinomas, which likely evolve from the complex adenomas or mixed tumors that are so common in this species and are promoted by exogenous progesterone treatment. Among zoo felids, jaguars are at higher risk for mammary cancer and also have a high prevalence of ovarian papillarycystadenocarcinomas, a profile similar to women with BRCA1 mutations. As for women, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression varies in canine and feline mammary cancers. In general, ER expression is low, but PR expression persists in most cancers. Alterations in molecular controls of cell proliferation or survival in breast cancer, such as cyclin A and p53 expression, have been identified in dog and cat mammary cancers. Overall, spontaneous mammary cancers in cats and dogs make excellent models for human breast cancer, and knowledge of mammary carcinogenesis would be greatly enhanced across all species by a "One Medicine" approach.}, journal={Breast Disease}, author={Munson, L. and Moresco, A.}, year={2007}, pages={7–21} }
 @inbook{munson_moresco_calle_2005, title={Adverse effects of contraceptives}, booktitle={Wildlife contraception: issues, methods, and applications}, author={Munson, L. and Moresco, A. and Calle, P.P.}, year={2005}, pages={66–82} }
 @article{atkins_moresco_litster_2005, title={Prevalence of naturally occurring Dirofilaria immitis infection amona nondomestic cats housed in an area in which heartworms are endemic}, volume={227}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-22244446809&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2005.227.139}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Atkins, C and Moresco, A and Litster, A}, year={2005}, month={Jul}, pages={139–143} }
 @article{moresco_larsen_2003, title={Medetomidine-ketamine-butorphanol anesthetic combinations in binturongs (Arctictis binturong)}, volume={34}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1642301441&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/03-016}, abstractNote={Abstract The efficacy, safety, and reliability of two ketamine–medetomidine–butorphanol anesthetic combinations were evaluated in 34 adult binturongs (Arctictis binturong). The animals were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. On the basis of estimated body weights, group high ketamine (HK) received ketamine (8 mg/kg, i.m.), medetomidine (0.02 mg/kg, i.m.), and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.) combined in a single injection, and group low ketamine (LK) received ketamine (2 mg/kg, i.m), medetomidine (0.04 mg/kg, i.m.), and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.). Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured for approximately 45 min; the animals were then administered atipamezole (5 mg/mg medetomidine, i.m.). Individual responses varied greatly to the anesthetic combinations, but similar numbers of animals in each group needed supplemental anesthetic agents (seven in group HK and six in group LK). Mean heart rates were higher in the LK group throughout anesthesia. Animals in both groups were mildly to moderately hypoxemic, but oxygenation improved in both groups following supplemental oxygen administration. Respiratory rates, arterial blood pressures, body temperatures, and end-tidal CO2 values were similar in both groups. Both protocols were effective; however, the LK combination is preferable because the mean recovery time was shorter.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Moresco, A. and Larsen, R.S.}, year={2003}, pages={346–351} }
 @inproceedings{crapo_2002, title={Anatomical measurements of the digestive tract and nutrient digestibility in the Asian Bear Cat (Arctictis binturong).}, volume={85}, number={s1}, booktitle={Journal of Dairy Science}, author={Crapo, C.}, year={2002}, pages={251} }
 @article{moresco_larsen_sleeman_wild_gaynor_2001, title={Use of naloxone to reverse carfentanil citrate-induced hypoxemia and cardiopulmonary depression in Rocky Mountain wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)}, volume={32}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0012117303&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0081:UONTRC]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract With the use of a crossover study design, we investigated the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of naloxone administration in eight healthy Rocky Mountain wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) anesthetized with carfentanil (10 μg/kg i.m.) and xylazine (0.1 mg/kg). Anesthetized animals showed profound hypoxemia with mild hypercapnia, tachycardia, hypertension, and acidosis prior to naloxone administration. After monitoring equipment was placed, animals were administered either naloxone (2 μg/μg carfentanil i.v.) or an equivalent volume of normal saline. Mean values for PaO2, PaCO2, heart rate, and respiratory rate were significantly different between naloxone- and saline-treated groups, but mean blood pressure, hematocrit, and serum electrolyte concentrations were not. Mean PaO2 was 23.0 ± 4.1 mm Hg prior to administration of naloxone or saline and increased to 50.2 ± 7.3 mm Hg after naloxone administration. Mean PaO2 of saline-treated animals did not change significantly. Electrocardiograms of three saline-treated animals suggested myocardial hypoxia. Hypoxemia appeared to be caused by respiratory depression, hemodynamic alterations, and lateral recumbency. All but one animal remained anesthetized after naloxone administration. Anesthesia in all animals was reversed in ≤4 min with naltrexone (100 mg/mg carfentanil i.v. s.c.) and yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). One bolus of naloxone improved oxygenation in carfentanil–xylazine-anesthetized wapiti.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Moresco, A. and Larsen, R.S. and Sleeman, J.M. and Wild, M.A. and Gaynor, J.S.}, year={2001}, pages={81–89} }
 @article{veterinary medicine today ecg of the month_2001, url={https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34686031/}, DOI={10.2460/JAVMA.2001.218.1264}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, year={2001} }