@article{gookin_hartley_aicher_mathews_cullen_cullen_callahan_stowe_seiler_jacob_et al._2023, title={Gallbladder microbiota in healthy dogs and dogs with mucocele formation}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0281432}, abstractNote={To date studies have not investigated the culture-independent microbiome of bile from dogs, a species where aseptic collection of bile under ultrasound guidance is somewhat routine. Despite frequent collection of bile for culture-based diagnosis of bacterial cholecystitis, it is unknown whether bile from healthy dogs harbors uncultivable bacteria or a core microbiota. The answer to this question is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of biliary infection and as a baseline to exploration of other biliary diseases in dogs where uncultivable bacteria could play a pathogenic role. A pressing example of such a disease would be gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs. This prevalent and deadly condition is characterized by excessive secretion of abnormal mucus by the gallbladder epithelium that can eventually lead to rupture of the gallbladder or obstruction of bile flow. The cause of mucocele formation is unknown as is whether uncultivable, and therefore unrecognized, bacteria play any systematic role in pathogenesis. In this study we applied next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the culture-negative bacterial community of gallbladder bile from healthy dogs and gallbladder mucus from dogs with mucocele formation. Integral to our study was the use of 2 separate DNA isolations on each sample using different extraction methods and sequencing of negative control samples enabling recognition and curation of contaminating sequences. Microbiota findings were validated by simultaneous culture-based identification, cytological examination of bile, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) performed on gallbladder mucosa. Using culture-dependent, cytological, FISH, and 16S rRNA sequencing approaches, results of our study do not support existence of a core microbiome in the bile of healthy dogs or gallbladder mucus from dogs with mucocele formation. Our findings further document how contaminating sequences can significantly contribute to the results of sequencing analysis when performed on samples with low bacterial biomass.}, number={2}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Gookin, Jody L. and Hartley, Ashley N. and Aicher, Kathleen M. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Cullen, Rachel and Cullen, John M. and Callahan, Benjamin J. and Stowe, Devorah M. and Seiler, Gabriela S. and Jacob, Megan E. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{hartley_marr_birkenheuer_2020, title={Cytauxzoon felis cytochrome b gene mutation associated with atovaquone and azithromycin treatment}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15935}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundAtovaquone and azithromycin (A&A) with supportive care improve survival rates in cats with cytauxzoonosis. Resistance to atovaquone via parasite cytochrome b gene (cytb) mutations occurs in other Apicomplexan protozoans but is not described in Cytauxzoon felis.ObjectiveTo serially characterize the C. felis cytb sequences from a cat that remained persistently infected after A&A treatment.AnimalA cat with naturally occurring C. felis infection.MethodsCase report of the anemic cat persistently infected with C. felis before, during and after A&A treatment. Cytauxzoon felis cytb genes were amplified and sequenced before, during and after A&A treatment.ResultsCytauxzoon felis was detected before, during and after A&A treatment including samples collected 570 days after treatment. After A&A treatment, the cat's anemia improved slightly. Cytb sequencing revealed only wild‐type cytb methionine (M128) in samples collected before treatment. In samples collected after treatment, the cytb coded for isoleucine (M128I) and valine (M128I) at 2‐ and 4‐months after treatment. These M128I and M128V mutations persisted even after a repeat treatment course with a higher dose atovaquone combined with the standard dose of azithromycin.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis report documents C. felis atovaquone resistance associated with M128 cytb mutations. This study suggests parasites with mutations of cytb M128 can be selected and impart resistance to A&A treatment even with higher atovaquone dosing.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Hartley, Ashley N. and Marr, Henry S. and Birkenheuer, Adam J.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={2432–2437} }
 @article{allen_hartley_neel_2018, title={What is your diagnosis? Splenic aspirate from a dog}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85055144319&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vcp.12661}, abstractNote={Veterinary Clinical PathologyVolume 47, Issue 4 p. 674-675 WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS? What is your diagnosis? Splenic aspirate from a dog Julie Allen, Corresponding Author Julie Allen ja684@cornell.edu orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-0341 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Correspondence Julie Allen, Department of Population Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Email: ja684@cornell.eduSearch for more papers by this authorAshley N. Hartley, Ashley N. Hartley Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorJennifer A. Neel, Jennifer A. Neel Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author Julie Allen, Corresponding Author Julie Allen ja684@cornell.edu orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-0341 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Correspondence Julie Allen, Department of Population Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Email: ja684@cornell.eduSearch for more papers by this authorAshley N. Hartley, Ashley N. Hartley Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorJennifer A. Neel, Jennifer A. Neel Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 October 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12661Citations: 3Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume47, Issue4December 2018Pages 674-675 This article also appears in:What is your diagnosis? Virtual Issue RelatedInformation}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Allen, Julie and Hartley, Ashley N. and Neel, Jennifer A.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={674–675} }