@article{wang_norouzi_kim_2016, title={Comparison of Fatigue Cracking Performance of Asphalt Pavements Predicted by Pavement ME and LVECD Programs}, ISSN={["2169-4052"]}, DOI={10.3141/2590-06}, abstractNote={ Mechanistic–empirical pavement design has received significant attention from the pavement community as the method for designing asphalt pavements in the future. Currently available software for mechanistic–empirical pavement design includes the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (Pavement ME) program. The Pavement ME program allows users to predict pavement distresses by applying layered elastic theory for the mechanical responses and using empirical models for the distress predictions. The layered viscoelastic pavement design for critical distresses (LVECD) program, which employs three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element analysis with moving loads, can also be used to predict the fatigue and rutting performance of pavements. The LVECD program employs the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model as the material model for the fatigue performance predictions of asphalt mixtures under complex loading and environmental conditions. This paper examines and compares the performance of 33 pavement sections from five research projects located in the United States, Canada, and South Korea by using both the Pavement ME and LVECD computer programs. To verify the results obtained from these two programs, the simulations were compared with the field performance data. In terms of ranking, the LVECD simulations provided better agreement with the field performance data than did the Pavement ME simulations. One of the main reasons for the better predictions obtained by the LVECD program is that its fatigue performance predictions depend on the mixture properties of all the layers, whereas the Pavement ME program considers the fatigue properties of only the bottom layer mixture. }, number={2590}, journal={TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD}, author={Wang, Yizhuang and Norouzi, Amirhossein and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2016}, pages={44–55} }
 @article{lee_norouzi_kim_2017, title={Determining Specimen Geometry of Cylindrical Specimens for Direct Tension Fatigue Testing of Asphalt Concrete}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1945-7553"]}, DOI={10.1520/jte20140357}, abstractNote={Abstract
               This paper presented a specimen geometry study of cylindrical specimens used in the direct tension cyclic (DTC) fatigue testing of asphalt concrete using an asphalt mixture performance tester. The current specimen geometry for DTC fatigue testing is 100 mm in diameter and 150 mm in height with a linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) gauge length of 70 mm in the middle of the specimen. In order to use the displacement data for mechanistic fatigue performance modeling, specimen failure must occur within the length of the LVDT gauge. However, recent experiments using stiff mixtures have shown that failure often occurs outside the LVDT gauge length. This specimen geometry study was conducted to determine the specimen geometry that enhances the propensity of the failure inside the gauge length without sacrificing the advantage of the DTC testing that provides uniform stresses and strains in the middle of the specimen. Laboratory experiments were performed on cylindrical specimens of different geometries (i.e., different diameters and lengths). Test specimen diameters of 75 mm and 100 mm and specimen heights of 130 mm and 150 mm were used in this study. The specimen geometry effects on damage characteristic curves and failure criteria were identified through ANOVA tests and layered viscoelastic pavement analysis for critical distresses (LVECD) program. Based on analysis results and experimental verification tests, the specimen geometry recommended for the DTC testing is 100 mm in diameter and 130 mm in height with a 70-mm gauge length. The recommended specimen geometry is applicable when the gyratory-compacted specimen geometry is 150 mm in diameter and more than 178 mm in height.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION}, author={Lee, Jong-Sub and Norouzi, Amirhossein and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={613–623} }
 @article{jacques_daniel_bennert_reinke_norouzi_ericson_mogawer_kim_2016, title={Effect of Silo Storage Time on the Characteristics of Virgin and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures}, ISSN={["2169-4052"]}, DOI={10.3141/2573-10}, abstractNote={ Many hot-mix asphalt plants store material in heated silos before it is ready to be transported to construction sites. The time that material is stored in the silo is not controlled and varies widely, depending on several factors. As the material is exposed to elevated temperatures, short-term aging of the binder may occur. Another important consideration is the interaction between reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and virgin binders, as blending or diffusion could occur between the binders. In this study, a virgin and 25% RAP mixture were sampled at incremental silo storage times up to 10 h. Characterization testing included performance grading, rheological indexes, Glover–Rowe parameter evaluation, rolling thin film oven aging on the binders, complex modulus, a simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model (S-VECD) for fatigue, and thermal stress restrained specimen testing of the mixtures. Simulations that used layered viscoelastic critical distresses pavement analysis to predict fatigue behavior from the S-VECD model were used to show the potential effects of silo storage time on pavement life. Results from all tests indicated that mixtures aged with an increase in silo storage time. RAP materials experienced a greater effect; this effect may be a function of the air void content or indication of blending–diffusion in the silo. Rolling thin film oven aging showed that current laboratory conditioning methods do not necessarily simulate asphalt plant production. Production parameters, such as silo storage time, have a significant impact on mixture performance. }, number={2573}, journal={TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD}, author={Jacques, Christopher and Daniel, Jo Sias and Bennert, Thomas and Reinke, Gerald and Norouzi, Amirhossein and Ericson, Christopher and Mogawer, Walaa and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2016}, pages={76–85} }
 @article{norouzi_kim_2017, title={Ruggedness Study of Dynamic Modulus Testing of Asphalt Concrete in Indirect Tension Mode}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1945-7553"]}, DOI={10.1520/jte20150118}, abstractNote={Abstract
               The modulus is one of the primary asphalt mixture properties used for the mechanistic performance prediction of asphalt pavements. Dynamic modulus testing is a common method of measuring mixture modulus as a function of loading frequencies and temperatures. This paper presented the results of a ruggedness study of dynamic modulus testing in indirect tension mode to evaluate the factors that were most likely to affect the final results. Specimen thickness, air void content, gauge length, test temperature, and horizontal strain level, which are the critical factors that affect the dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete, were selected for the ruggedness analysis. Two different asphalt mixtures with the participation of two laboratories were used in the study. Based on the selected values for the different variables, air void content was found to be the significant factor that affected dynamic modulus testing and dynamic modulus values. The other factors did not appear to have a major impact on the test results; however, reasonable tolerances were obtained for the other parameters investigated in this paper.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION}, author={Norouzi, Amirhossein and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={601–612} }
 @article{tafreshi_norouzi_2015, title={Application of waste rubber to reduce the settlement of road embankment}, volume={9}, DOI={10.12989/gae.2015.9.2.219}, abstractNote={In this paper, a series of repeated load tests were carried out on a 150 mm diameter plate simulative of vehicle passes, to demonstrate the benefits of soil-rubber shred mixture in decreasing the soil surface settlement of road embankment. The results show that the efficiency of rubber reinforcement is significantly a function of the rubber content, thickness of rubber-soil mixture and soil cap thickness over the mixture. Minimum surface settlement is provided by 2.5% of rubber in rubber-soil mixture, the thickness of mixture layer and soil cap of 0.5 times the loading surface diameter, giving values of 0.32-0.68 times those obtained in the unreinforced system for low and high values of amplitude of repeated load. In this installation, in contrast with unreinforced bed that shows unstable response, the rate of enhancement in settlement decreases significantly as the number of loading cycles increase and system behaves resiliently without undergoing plastic deformation. The findings encourage the use of rubber shreds obtained from non-reusable tires as a viable material in road works.}, number={2}, journal={Geomechanics and Engineering}, author={Tafreshi, S. N. M. and Norouzi, A. H.}, year={2015}, pages={219–241} }
 @article{norouzi_kim_2017, title={Mechanistic evaluation of fatigue cracking in asphalt pavements}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1477-268X"]}, DOI={10.1080/10298436.2015.1095909}, abstractNote={Abstract Over the last several decades, significant research has been conducted to predict the fatigue cracking performance of asphalt pavements. Recently, the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model was developed as an efficient method of characterising the fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures under a wide range of loading conditions. Two important material properties that can be determined from the S-VECD model are the damage characteristic curve that defines how damage evolves in a specimen and the energy-based failure criterion that defines when the specimen fails. These two material functions are unique for a given mixture regardless of temperature, mode of loading, stress/strain amplitude and loading history. This study presents the application of the Layered Viscoelastic Crirtical Distresses (LVECD) programme to predict the fatigue performance of 18 pavement sections from different locations in the United States and Canada. The capability of the LVECD programme to capture crack initiation, crack propagation and damage in the pavement sections is investigated by comparing the simulation results with field observations. This study found reasonable agreement in trends between the damage growth throughout the pavement cross sections as predicted by the LVECD programme and the surface crack growth as evidenced by field observations.}, number={6}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING}, author={Norouzi, Amirhossein and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2017}, pages={530–546} }
 @article{norouzi_kim_kim_2016, title={Numerical evaluation of pavement design parameters for the fatigue cracking and rutting performance of asphalt pavements}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1871-6873"]}, DOI={10.1617/s11527-015-0744-x}, number={9}, journal={MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES}, author={Norouzi, Amirhossein and Kim, Dahae and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={3619–3634} }
 @article{norouzi_uzsoy_2014, title={Modeling the evolution of dependency between demands, with application to inventory planning}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1545-8830"]}, DOI={10.1080/0740817x.2013.803637}, abstractNote={This article shows that the progressive realization of uncertain demands across successive discrete time periods through additive or multiplicative forecast updates results in the evolution of the conditional covariance of demand in addition to its conditional mean. A dynamic inventory model with forecast updates is used to illustrate the application of the proposed method. It is shown that the optimal inventory policy depends on conditional covariances, and a model without information updates is used to quantify the benefit of using the available forecast information in the presence of additive forecast updates. The proposed approach yields significant reductions in system costs and is applicable to a wide range of production and inventory models. It is also shown that the proposed approach can be extended to the case of multiplicative forecast updates and directions for future work are suggested.}, number={1}, journal={IIE TRANSACTIONS}, author={Norouzi, Amirhosein and Uzsoy, Reha}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={55–66} }