@article{kendall_byron_westropp_coates_vaden_adin_oetelaar_bartges_foster_adams_et al._2024, title={ACVIM consensus statement on diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in dogs}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16975}, abstractNote={Abstract Urinary incontinence (UI) is a disorder of micturition that can occur in dogs of any age, sex, and breed depending on the underlying cause and time of onset. Diagnosis and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs have been described by multiple comprehensive single author review articles, but large prospective clinical trials comparing treatment outcomes in veterinary medicine are lacking. The objectives of this consensus statement therefore are to provide guidelines on both recommended diagnostic testing and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs. Specifically, pathophysiology directly related to the canine urinary system will be reviewed and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges will be addressed. A panel of 12 experts in the field (8 small animal internists [L. Adams, J. Bartges, A. Berent, J. Byron, J. Foster, A. Kendall, S. Vaden, J. Westropp], 2 neurologists [J. Coates, N. Olby], 1 radiologist [G. Oetelaar], and 1 surgeon [C. Adin]) was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer‐reviewed literature and to complement it with consensus recommendations using the Delphi method. Some statements were not voted on by all panelists. This consensus statement aims to provide guidance for management of both male and female dogs with underlying storage or voiding disorders resulting in UI.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Kendall, Allison and Byron, Julie K. and Westropp, Jodi L. and Coates, Joan R. and Vaden, Shelly and Adin, Chris and Oetelaar, Garrett and Bartges, Joe W. and Foster, Jonathan D. and Adams, Larry G. and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{anderson_birkenheuer_moore_kendall_2023, title={A retrospective study of vector borne disease prevalence among anemic dogs in North Carolina}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0293901}, abstractNote={Background Anemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Further understanding of the prevalence of vector borne diseases (VBD) in anemic dogs is needed. Objectives The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the rate of exposure to or infection with VBD among anemic dogs presented to a teaching hospital in North Carolina and to further characterize the anemia in dogs with VBD exposure. Animals A total of 597 anemic dogs that were concurrently tested for VBD were examined at a referral veterinary hospital between January 2012 and December 2018. Methods Retrospective descriptive study. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and VBD testing data were obtained from medical records. Results Of the 597 anemic dogs examined, 180 (30.15%; 95% CI: 26.49–34.01%) tested positive for one or more VBD. There was no difference in the severity of anemia or the proportion of dogs displaying a regenerative anemia between dogs testing positive and negative for VBD. Conclusions A large proportion of anemic dogs from this region test positive for exposure to or infection with VBD. Our study supported the use of PCR and serology run in parallel to maximize the chance of detecting exposure to or infection with VBD compared to either serology or PCR alone. At this time, it is unknown whether infection with VBD contributed to the development of anemia in these patients. However, given the prevalence of VBD exposure in anemic dogs, testing for VBD in anemic patients from this region of the United States is warranted.}, number={11}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Anderson, Katie L. and Birkenheuer, Adam and Moore, George E. and Kendall, Allison}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{vaden_kendall_foster_new_eagleson_may_traas_wilson_mcintyre_hinderer_et al._2023, title={Adeno-associated virus-vectored erythropoietin gene therapy for anemia in cats with chronic kidney disease}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16900}, abstractNote={Abstract Background A treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐associated anemia in cats is needed. SB‐001 is an adeno‐associated virus‐vectored (AAV)‐based gene therapeutic agent that is administered intramuscularly, causing the expression of feline erythropoietin. Hypothesis/Objective We hypothesized that SB‐001 injection would lead to a sustained increase in PCV in cats with CKD‐associated anemia. Animals Twenty‐three cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) Stage 2 to 4 CKD‐associated anemia were enrolled at 4 veterinary clinics. Methods In a prospective clinical trial, cats were treated with 1 of 3 regimens of SB‐001 (Lo 1.2 × 109 genome copies [GCs] on Day 0; Lo ± Hi [supplemental 2nd dose of 3.65 × 109 GC on Day 42]; Hi 3.65 × 109 GC IM on Day 0) and followed for 70 days. Results A response to SB‐001 at any time between Day 28 and Day 70 was seen in 86% (95% confidence interval 65, 97%) of all cats. There was a significant (P < .003) increase in PCV from Day 0 to Day 28 (mean increase 6 ± 6 percentage points [pp]; n = 21), Day 42 (8 ± 9 pp; n = 21), Day 56 (10 ± 11 pp; n = 17), and Day 70 (13 ± 14 pp, n = 14). Twelve cats were hypertensive at baseline, 4 of which developed encephalopathy during the study. An additional 6 cats became hypertensive during the study. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results of this study suggest that SB‐001 therapy represents a suitable single injection treatment that can address nonregenerative anemia in cats with CKD. It was generally well tolerated; however, hypertension and encephalopathy developed in some cats as previously described in association with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent therapy.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Vaden, Shelly L. and Kendall, Allison R. and Foster, Jonathan D. and New, Heidi L. and Eagleson, Jane S. and May, Jacky L. and Traas, Anne M. and Wilson, Matthew J. and Mcintyre, Beth H. and Hinderer, Christian J. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{mathews_toedebusch_palm_kendall_westropp_2023, title={Idiopathic functional urinary outflow tract obstruction in dogs, a retrospective case series (2010-2021): 31 cases}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16843}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Idiopathic functional urinary outflow tract obstruction (iFUOTO) is an uncommon but life‐limiting disease whose etiology and clinical course of disease remain poorly understood. Objective Characterize signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatments, and propose a standardized response score for dogs with iFUOTO. Animals Thirty‐one client‐owned dogs diagnosed with iFUOTO. Methods Retrospective case series. Medical records from 2010 to 2021 were reviewed and findings recorded. Dogs were categorized based on the presence or absence of overt signs of neurological disease. Response to treatment was scored. Results Thirty‐one dogs were included. All dogs had stranguria and 14 (45%) had overflow urinary incontinence. Mean age of onset for signs was 6.9 years±8 months. Twenty‐four dogs (77%) were castrated males, 5 (16%) intact males, and 2 (6%) spayed females. Eight (26%) of dogs had overt neurological deficits. Follow‐up data were available for 29 dogs (median 38 days, range: 2‐1277). Final outcome scores were not significantly different among dogs with overt signs of neurological disease (median score 2.5; range: 0‐3) and those without (median score 1; range; 0‐3; P = .35). Treatments included alpha antagonists, skeletal muscle relaxants, parasympathomimetics, anti‐inflammatories, castration, temporary placement of a urethral catheter, or a combination of these. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Multimodal treatment was frequently prescribed, but a standard outcome score is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these therapies. Serial neurological examinations and monitoring of the dogs' dysuria are warranted.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Mathews, Kathrina and Toedebusch, Christine and Palm, Carrie and Kendall, Allison and Westropp, Jodi L.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{haas_duffy_kendall_chang_moore_2023, title={Influence of three different closure techniques on leakage pressures and leakage location following partial cystectomies in normal dogs}, ISSN={["2053-1095"]}, DOI={10.1002/vms3.1137}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common neoplasia affecting the canine urinary bladder. Partial cystectomy, when used adjuctively with medical management, has been shown to meaningfully extend medial survival time. Surgical stapling devices have a wide variety of uses and advantages over traditional closure methods and, to date, investigation into their use in canine partial cystectomies has not been documented. Objective To determine the influence of three closure techniques on ex vivo leakage pressures and leakage location following canine partial cystectomy. Methods Specimens were assigned to one of three closure techniques: simple continuous appositional closure with 3‐0 suture, closure with a 60 mm gastrointestinal stapler with a 3.5 mm cartridge, and placement of a Cushing suture to augment the stapled closure, with each group containing 12 specimens. Mean initial leakage pressure (ILP), maximum leakage pressure (MLP), and leakage location at the time that ILP was recorded were compared between groups. Results Oversewn stapled constructs leaked at significantly higher ILP (28.5 mmHg) than those in the sutured (17 mmHg) or stapled (22.8 mmHg) group, respectively. MLP was greater in the oversewn stapled construct group compared to other groups. Leakage was detected in 97% partial cystectomies, with leakage occurring from the needle holes in 100% of the sutured closure group, from the staple holes in 100% of the stapled only group, and from the incisional line in 83% and from bladder wall rupture in 8% of the augmented staple closure group. All closure methods withstood normal physiologic cystic pressures. Conclusions Placement of a Cushing suture to augment stapled closures improved the ability of partial cystectomies to sustain higher intravesicular pressures compared with sutured or stapled bladder closures alone. Further in vivo studies are required to determine the clinical significance of these findings and the role of stapling equipment for partial cystectomy, as well as the clinical significance of suture penetration through the urinary bladder mucosa during closure.}, journal={VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE}, author={Haas, Jason M. and Duffy, Daniel J. and Kendall, Allison and Chang, Yi-Jen and Moore, George E.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{price_slead_secoura_kendall_vaden_2023, title={Lesser vestibular periurethral gland-like inflammation associated with lower urinary tract signs in a female dog}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16889}, abstractNote={Abstract Case Description A 4‐year‐old female spayed mixed breed dog presented with a 2‐year history of painful urination and recurrent hematuria. Clinical Findings The dog had a large sensitive bladder, palpation of which was followed by painful urination. Pollakiuria accompanied by vocalization were noted during observation of voiding. Diagnostics Cystoscopy identified a focal, rounded expansion of epithelial tissue in the right lateral aspect of the urethral papilla containing purulent material consistent with an abscess. A sample submitted for culture yielded growth of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Proteus mirabilis. Treatment and Outcome Purulent material was expelled by manual pressure during cystourethroscopy. Enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg PO q24h for 42 days) and carprofen (4.4 mg/kg PO q24h for 14 days) were initiated. Clinical signs resolved within 2 days. Clinical Relevance Inflammation in the region of the lesser vestibular paraurethral glands should be considered as a differential for female dogs presenting with chronic dysuria.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Price, Matthew and Slead, Tanner S. and Secoura, Patricia L. and Kendall, Allison R. and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{vasquez_kendall_musulin_vaden_2021, title={Three-dimensional bladder ultrasound to measure daily urinary bladder volume in hospitalized dogs}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16232}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Urinary bladder volume (UBV) and urine residual volume (URV) provide important information for hospitalized dogs and might allow recognition of urine retention. Objective Using 3‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound to monitor daily URV is a safe and effective way to recognize urinary retention. Animals Twenty‐five client‐owned hospitalized dogs. Methods Prospective, observational study. UBV and URV were measured using 3D ultrasound daily at approximately the same time. UBV was measured, the dog was taken for a 5‐minute controlled leash walk, then URV was estimated. Concurrent use of opioids, anesthetics, and fluids administered IV were recorded. Results Daily URVs were >0.4 mL/kg in 22 of 25 dogs on at least 1 day of hospitalization. Seventeen of 25 dogs had an abnormal URV at the time of discharge. Of 18 dogs that were anesthetized while hospitalized, 16 had a URV >0.4 mL/kg with a mean of 4.34 mL/kg (range, 0.5‐13.4 mL/kg). No statistical difference in degree of URV was found based on the use of anesthesia, administration of fluids IV, or opioids. Weight was significantly associated with URV; dogs <10 kg had a higher URV per unit mass than dogs >10 kg (P = .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Use of a 3D ultrasound device to measure daily UBV and URV in hospitalized dogs provides a safe estimate of bladder volume in real‐time. Monitoring daily URV might help in early identification of patients that are retaining urine, thereby preventing potential adverse effects of urethral catheterization or prolonged urinary retention.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Vasquez, Edward J. and Kendall, Allison and Musulin, Sarah and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{kendall_keenihan_kern_lindaberry_birkenheuer_moore_vaden_2020, title={Three-dimensional bladder ultrasound for estimation of urine volume in dogs compared with traditional 2-dimensional ultrasound methods}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15959}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Although point‐of‐care volumetric assessments of the urinary bladder are not routinely performed in dogs, urine volume quantification can provide important clinical information including noninvasive urine output estimation. Hypothesis/Objective Use of 3‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound for determination of urinary bladder volume (UBV) in dogs will be accurate for different bladder volumes and will decrease the need for operator skill in measuring UBV compared to 2‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound evaluation. Animals Ten laboratory‐bred Beagle dogs. Methods Prospective, experimental study. Urinary bladders were infused with a calculated amount of sterile saline to represent small, medium, and large volumes. Each UBV was estimated and calculated by a board‐certified veterinary radiologist using 3 different 2D ultrasound formulas followed by use of a 3D ultrasound device by a novice. Measured UBVs were compared to the instilled UBV for both 2D and 3D ultrasound methods. Time from start to end of examination was recorded for both ultrasound methods in a subset of dogs. Results The 3D ultrasound device underestimated UBV with a mean difference of −9.8 mL compared with 2D ultrasound that overestimated UBV with a difference of +4.2 to 20.3 mL dependent on the 2D formula used. The 3D ultrasound method took less time to measure UBV (mean of 80 seconds per measurement) compared to the 2D method (165 seconds per measurement; P = .02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The tested 3D ultrasound device was found to be an accurate and rapid point‐of‐care tool for measuring UBV in dogs, providing a noninvasive method to estimate bladder volume in real time.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Kendall, Allison and Keenihan, Erin and Kern, Zachary T. and Lindaberry, Crystal and Birkenheuer, Adam and Moore, George E. and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={2460–2467} }
 @article{phillips_corrie_engel_duffy_holt_kendall_schmiedt_vetter_meren_follette_et al._2019, title={Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and treatment outcome in cats with hiatal hernia: 31 cases (1995-2018)}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15583}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Information regarding clinical signs, assessment, treatment, and outcome in cats with hiatal hernia (HH) is limited. Objectives To characterize the clinical presentation of HH and medical and surgical outcomes in a cohort of affected cats. Animals Thirty‐one client‐owned cats with HH. Methods Medical records of cats with HH were retrospectively reviewed for signalment, history, results of diagnostic tests, details of surgical and medical treatments, complications, and outcome. Long‐term follow‐up data were obtained by telephone communication. Relationships between clinical variables and outcome were evaluated by regression analysis. Results Type I HH was present in 85.7% (24/28) of cats, and 64.5% (20/31) were >3 years of age at diagnosis. Twenty‐one of 31 (67.7%) cats underwent surgical repair including phrenoplasty, esophagopexy, and left‐sided gastropexy, and 10 of 31 cats were treated medically without surgery. Concurrent illness was common, and 77.4% cats had comorbidities. All cats survived to discharge, and median time to death or follow‐up was 959 days (range, 3‐4015 days). Cats treated medically survived longer than cats treated surgically, with median time to death or follow‐up of 2559 and 771 days, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Type I HH is the most common type of HH in cats. A congenital etiology is possible, but many cats with HH were >3 years of age at diagnosis and suffered from comorbidities, including upper airway obstruction. Case selection and the presence of comorbidities likely influenced the outcome. Cats with HH may not be diagnosed until disease is advanced or concurrent illness draws attention to clinical signs.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Phillips, Heidi and Corrie, Jessica and Engel, Danielle M. and Duffy, Daniel J. and Holt, David E. and Kendall, Allison R. and Schmiedt, Chad W. and Vetter, Autumn and Meren, Ilyssa L. and Follette, Christelle and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={1970–1976} }