@article{vasquez_kendall_musulin_vaden_2021, title={Three-dimensional bladder ultrasound to measure daily urinary bladder volume in hospitalized dogs}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16232}, abstractNote={Background Urinary bladder volume (UBV) and urine residual volume (URV) provide important information for hospitalized dogs and might allow recognition of urine retention. Objective Using 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to monitor daily URV is a safe and effective way to recognize urinary retention. Animals Twenty-five client-owned hospitalized dogs. Methods Prospective, observational study. UBV and URV were measured using 3D ultrasound daily at approximately the same time. UBV was measured, the dog was taken for a 5-minute controlled leash walk, then URV was estimated. Concurrent use of opioids, anesthetics, and fluids administered IV were recorded. Results Daily URVs were >0.4 mL/kg in 22 of 25 dogs on at least 1 day of hospitalization. Seventeen of 25 dogs had an abnormal URV at the time of discharge. Of 18 dogs that were anesthetized while hospitalized, 16 had a URV >0.4 mL/kg with a mean of 4.34 mL/kg (range, 0.5-13.4 mL/kg). No statistical difference in degree of URV was found based on the use of anesthesia, administration of fluids IV, or opioids. Weight was significantly associated with URV; dogs <10 kg had a higher URV per unit mass than dogs >10 kg (P = .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Use of a 3D ultrasound device to measure daily UBV and URV in hospitalized dogs provides a safe estimate of bladder volume in real-time. Monitoring daily URV might help in early identification of patients that are retaining urine, thereby preventing potential adverse effects of urethral catheterization or prolonged urinary retention.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Vasquez, Edward J. and Kendall, Allison and Musulin, Sarah and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{kendall_keenihan_kern_lindaberry_birkenheuer_moore_vaden_2020, title={Three-dimensional bladder ultrasound for estimation of urine volume in dogs compared with traditional 2-dimensional ultrasound methods}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15959}, abstractNote={Background Although point-of-care volumetric assessments of the urinary bladder are not routinely performed in dogs, urine volume quantification can provide important clinical information including noninvasive urine output estimation. Hypothesis/objective Use of 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound for determination of urinary bladder volume (UBV) in dogs will be accurate for different bladder volumes and will decrease the need for operator skill in measuring UBV compared to 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound evaluation. Animals Ten laboratory-bred Beagle dogs. Methods Prospective, experimental study. Urinary bladders were infused with a calculated amount of sterile saline to represent small, medium, and large volumes. Each UBV was estimated and calculated by a board-certified veterinary radiologist using 3 different 2D ultrasound formulas followed by use of a 3D ultrasound device by a novice. Measured UBVs were compared to the instilled UBV for both 2D and 3D ultrasound methods. Time from start to end of examination was recorded for both ultrasound methods in a subset of dogs. Results The 3D ultrasound device underestimated UBV with a mean difference of -9.8 mL compared with 2D ultrasound that overestimated UBV with a difference of +4.2 to 20.3 mL dependent on the 2D formula used. The 3D ultrasound method took less time to measure UBV (mean of 80 seconds per measurement) compared to the 2D method (165 seconds per measurement; P = .02). Conclusions and clinical importance The tested 3D ultrasound device was found to be an accurate and rapid point-of-care tool for measuring UBV in dogs, providing a noninvasive method to estimate bladder volume in real time.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Kendall, Allison and Keenihan, Erin and Kern, Zachary T. and Lindaberry, Crystal and Birkenheuer, Adam and Moore, George E. and Vaden, Shelly L.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={2460–2467} }
 @article{phillips_corrie_engel_duffy_holt_kendall_schmiedt_vetter_meren_follette_et al._2019, title={Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and treatment outcome in cats with hiatal hernia: 31 cases (1995-2018)}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15583}, abstractNote={Background Information regarding clinical signs, assessment, treatment, and outcome in cats with hiatal hernia (HH) is limited. Objectives To characterize the clinical presentation of HH and medical and surgical outcomes in a cohort of affected cats. Animals Thirty-one client-owned cats with HH. Methods Medical records of cats with HH were retrospectively reviewed for signalment, history, results of diagnostic tests, details of surgical and medical treatments, complications, and outcome. Long-term follow-up data were obtained by telephone communication. Relationships between clinical variables and outcome were evaluated by regression analysis. Results Type I HH was present in 85.7% (24/28) of cats, and 64.5% (20/31) were >3 years of age at diagnosis. Twenty-one of 31 (67.7%) cats underwent surgical repair including phrenoplasty, esophagopexy, and left-sided gastropexy, and 10 of 31 cats were treated medically without surgery. Concurrent illness was common, and 77.4% cats had comorbidities. All cats survived to discharge, and median time to death or follow-up was 959 days (range, 3-4015 days). Cats treated medically survived longer than cats treated surgically, with median time to death or follow-up of 2559 and 771 days, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Type I HH is the most common type of HH in cats. A congenital etiology is possible, but many cats with HH were >3 years of age at diagnosis and suffered from comorbidities, including upper airway obstruction. Case selection and the presence of comorbidities likely influenced the outcome. Cats with HH may not be diagnosed until disease is advanced or concurrent illness draws attention to clinical signs.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Phillips, Heidi and Corrie, Jessica and Engel, Danielle M. and Duffy, Daniel J. and Holt, David E. and Kendall, Allison R. and Schmiedt, Chad W. and Vetter, Autumn and Meren, Ilyssa L. and Follette, Christelle and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={1970–1976} }