Bita Akram

Works (10)

Updated: October 2nd, 2025 05:07

2025 article

An Automated Approach to Recommending Relevant Worked Examples for Programming Problems

Hoq, M., Patil, A., Akhuseyinoglu, K., Brusilovsky, P., & Akram, B. (2025, February 12). PROCEEDINGS OF THE 56TH ACM TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION, SIGCSE TS 2025, VOL 1, pp. 527–533.

By: M. Hoq n , A. Patil n, K. Akhuseyinoglu *, P. Brusilovsky * & B. Akram n

author keywords: problem-solving support; program examples; code structure; code similarities
topics (OpenAlex): Teaching and Learning Programming; Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning; Educational Games and Gamification
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 18, 2025

2025 article

Can two emails improve students’ persistence in computing? Evaluating the effects of a lightweight, scalable self-assessment intervention on career-relevant attitudes and behaviors

Fisk, S. R., Hudson, T., Dobar, E. B., Hunt, C., Dress, C., Akram, B., … Barnes, T. (2025, September 12). Computer Science Education.

By: S. Fisk *, T. Hudson *, E. Dobar, C. Hunt *, C. Dress *, B. Akram n, T. Price n , L. Battestilli n , T. Barnes n

author keywords: Self-assessment intervention; self-assessments of ability; career-choice; computing careers; STEM careers
topics (OpenAlex): Teaching and Learning Programming; Career Development and Diversity; Gender and Technology in Education
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 29, 2025

2024 article

Detecting ChatGPT-Generated Code Submissions in a CS1 Course Using Machine Learning Models

Hoq, M., Shi, Y., Leinonen, J., Babalola, D., Lynch, C., Price, T., & Akram, B. (2024, March 7). PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH ACM TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION, SIGCSE 2024, VOL. 1, pp. 526–532.

By: M. Hoq n , Y. Shi n , J. Leinonen *, D. Babalola n, C. Lynch n, T. Price n , B. Akram n

author keywords: ChatGPT; large language model; artificial intelligence; introductory programming course; CS1; cheat detection; plagiarism detection
topics (OpenAlex): Software Engineering Research; Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education; Academic integrity and plagiarism
TL;DR: This work evaluated the performance of both traditional machine learning models and Abstract Syntax Tree-based (AST-based) deep learning models in detecting ChatGPT code from student code submissions, and suggested that both traditional machine learning models and AST-based deep learning models are effective in identifying ChatGPT-generated code with accuracy above 90%. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 8, 2024

2023 article

Do Intentions to Persist Predict Short-Term Computing Course Enrollments

Harred, R., Barnes, T., Fisk, S. R., Akram, B., Price, T. W., & Yoder, S. (2023, March 2). PROCEEDINGS OF THE 54TH ACM TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION, VOL 1, SIGCSE 2023, pp. 1062–1068.

By: R. Harred n, T. Barnes n, S. Fisk *, B. Akram n, T. Price n  & S. Yoder  n

author keywords: Persistence; enrollment; validated scale; introductory computer science
topics (OpenAlex): Online Learning and Analytics; Gender and Technology in Education; Teaching and Learning Programming
TL;DR: A scale to measure intentions to persist in computing is developed and validated, and its use in predicting actual persistence as defined by enrolling in another computer science course within two semesters is demonstrated. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 4, 2023

2023 article

SANN: Programming Code Representation Using Attention Neural Network with Optimized Subtree Extraction

Hoq, M., Chilla, S. R., Ranjbar, M. A., Brusilovsky, P., & Akram, B. (2023, October 21). PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, CIKM 2023, pp. 783–792.

By: M. Hoq n , S. Chilla n, M. Ranjbar  n, P. Brusilovsky * & B. Akram n

author keywords: program analysis; code representation; static analysis; algorithm detection; program correctness prediction
topics (OpenAlex): Software Engineering Research; Online Learning and Analytics; Software System Performance and Reliability
TL;DR: The results indicate the effectiveness of the SANN model in capturing important syntactic and semantic information from students' code, allowing the construction of accurate student models, which serve as the foundation for generating adaptive instructional support such as individualized hints and feedback. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 25, 2024

2022 article

Adaptive Immediate Feedback for Block-Based Programming: Design and Evaluation

Marwan, S., Akram, B., Barnes, T., & Price, T. W. (2022, June 1). IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, Vol. 15, pp. 406–420.

By: S. Marwan n, B. Akram n, T. Barnes n & T. Price n 

author keywords: Programming; Task analysis; Codes; Uncertainty; Programming environments; Adaptive systems; Real-time systems; Adaptive feedback; block-based programming; formative feedback; subgoals feedback
topics (OpenAlex): Teaching and Learning Programming; Online Learning and Analytics; Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
TL;DR: This article presents the adaptive immediate feedback (AIF) system, which uses a hybrid data-driven feedback generation algorithm to provide students with information on their progress, code correctness, and potential errors, as well as encouragement in the middle of programming. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 10, 2022

2022 article

Exploring Design Choices to Support Novices' Example Use During Creative Open-Ended Programming

Wang, W., Meur, A. L., Bobbadi, M., Akram, B., Barnes, T., Martens, C., & Price, T. (2022, February 22). Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, pp. 619–625.

By: W. Wang  n, A. Meur  n, M. Bobbadi  n, B. Akram n, T. Barnes n, C. Martens n, T. Price n 

author keywords: open-ended programming; code examples; novice programming
topics (OpenAlex): Teaching and Learning Programming; Educational Games and Gamification; Scientific Computing and Data Management
TL;DR: This work explores how to design code examples to support novices' effective example use by presenting the experience of building and deploying Example Helper, a system that supports students with a gallery of code examples during open-ended programming. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: December 12, 2022

2022 article proceedings

Increasing Students' Persistence in Computer Science through a Lightweight Scalable Intervention

By: B. Akram n, S. Fisk *, S. Yoder  n, C. Hunt *, T. Price n , L. Battestilli n , T. Barnes n

author keywords: Positive Feedback; Introductory Computer Science; Persistence in Computing; Self-Assessment of Computing Ability
topics (OpenAlex): Online Learning and Analytics; Teaching and Learning Programming; Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
TL;DR: This study investigates the effect of a lightweight, scalable intervention where students received personalized, contextualized feedback from their instructors after two major assignments during the semester, and demonstrates that providing students' sense of belonging, professional role confidence, and the likelihood of stating an intention to pursue a major in computer science are improved. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (OpenAlex)
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
10. Reduced Inequalities (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: July 20, 2022

2019 conference paper

CEO: A Triangulated Evaluation of a Modeling-Based CT-Infused CS Activity for Non-CS Middle Grade Students

Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Global Computing Education - CompEd '19, 58–64.

By: N. Lytle n, V. Cateté n , Y. Dong n, D. Boulden n , B. Akram n, J. Houchins n, T. Barnes n, E. Wiebe n 

Contributors: N. Lytle n, V. Cateté n , Y. Dong n, D. Boulden n , B. Akram n, J. Houchins n, T. Barnes n, E. Wiebe n 

author keywords: Computational Thinking; Modeling and Simulation; Assessment
topics (OpenAlex): Teaching and Learning Programming; Educational Games and Gamification; Experimental Learning in Engineering
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref, ORCID
Added: July 22, 2019

2018 article

Infusing computational thinking into middle grade science classrooms

Cateté, V., Lytle, N., Dong, Y., Boulden, D., Akram, B., Houchins, J., … Boyer, K. (2018, October 3). WIPSCE'18: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH WORKSHOP IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY COMPUTING EDUCATION, pp. 109–114.

By: V. Cateté n , N. Lytle n, Y. Dong n, D. Boulden n , B. Akram n, J. Houchins n, T. Barnes n, E. Wiebe n  ...

Contributors: V. Cateté n , N. Lytle n, Y. Dong n, D. Boulden n , B. Akram n, J. Houchins n, T. Barnes n, E. Wiebe n  ...

author keywords: Professional Development; STEM plus C; Computational Thinking
topics (OpenAlex): Teaching and Learning Programming; Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research; Experimental Learning in Engineering
TL;DR: Initial lessons learned while conducting design-based implementation research on integrating computational thinking into middle school science classes are presented and case studies suggest that several factors including teacher engagement, teacher attitudes, student prior experience with CS/CT, and curriculum design can all impact student engagement in integrated science-CT lessons. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 28, 2019

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