@article{wolf_ruterbories_handel_hansen_2024, title={The effect of ε-aminocaproic acid on blood product requirement, outcome and thromboelastography parameters in severely thrombocytopenic dogs}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16977}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Wolf, Johanna and Ruterbories, Laura K. and Handel, Ian and Hansen, Bernie}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{green_musulin_baja_hansen_2023, title={Case report: Low dose dexmedetomidine infusion for the management of hypoglycemia in a dog with an insulinoma}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2023.1161002}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo describe the use of a low dose dexmedetomidine infusion as preoperative treatment for hypoglycemia secondary to a functional pancreatic tumor in a dog.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Green, Randolph and Musulin, Sarah E. and Baja, Alexie Jade and Hansen, Bernie D.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{herrero_iannucci_schreiber_hansen_vigani_2022, title={Acute nephrotic-range glomerular proteinuria following ibuprofen intoxication in two cats}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2055-1169"]}, DOI={10.1177/20551169221104551}, abstractNote={Case series summary In this report we describe the origin of protein loss and development of acute kidney injury after ibuprofen intoxication in two cats. Two 13-month-old neutered male domestic shorthair siblings were presented with acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe glomerular proteinuria following witnessed ibuprofen intoxication 3 days prior. Both cats presented with severe azotaemia (creatinine >900 µmol/l [>10 mg/dl]) and severe proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine [UPC] >20, normal <0.5). Urine protein electrophoresis upon presentation revealed mainly albumin and primary glomerular protein losses. The proteinuria and azotaemia resolved completely within 5 days of hospital treatment (8 days after ingestion). Urine protein electrophoresis, once the azotaemia and proteinuria resolved (UPC 0.11; normal <0.5), had a similar pattern to the one from admission. Both cats made a full recovery with supportive care. }, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY OPEN REPORTS}, author={Herrero, Yaiza and Iannucci, Claudia and Schreiber, Nora and Hansen, Bernard D. and Vigani, Alessio}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{walton_hansen_2021, title={Comparison of venous hemoglobin saturation measurements obtained by in vivo oximetry and calculated from blood gas analysis in critically ill dogs}, ISSN={["1476-4431"]}, DOI={10.1111/vec.13095}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Walton, Rebecca A. L. and Hansen, Bernie}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @misc{hansen_2021, title={Fluid Overload}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2021.668688}, abstractNote={Fluid overload (FO) is characterized by hypervolemia, edema, or both. In clinical practice it is usually suspected when a patient shows evidence of pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, or body cavity effusion. FO may be a consequence of spontaneous disease, or may be a complication of intravenous fluid therapy. Most clinical studies of the association of FO with fluid therapy and risk of harm define it in terms of an increase in body weight of at least 5–10%, or a positive fluid balance of the same magnitude when fluid intake and urine output are measured. Numerous observational clinical studies in humans have demonstrated an association between FO, adverse events, and mortality, as have two retrospective observational studies in dogs and cats. The risk of FO may be minimized by limiting resuscitation fluid to the smallest amount needed to optimize cardiac output and then limiting maintenance fluid to the amount needed to replace ongoing normal and pathological losses of water and sodium.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Hansen, Bernie}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @misc{walton_hansen_2018, title={Venous oxygen saturation in critical illness}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1476-4431"]}, DOI={10.1111/vec.12749}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Walton, Rebecca A. L. and Hansen, Bernie D.}, year={2018}, pages={387–397} }
 @article{hansen_vigani_2017, title={Maintenance Fluid Therapy Isotonic Versus Hypotonic Solutions}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.001}, abstractNote={The goal of maintenance fluid therapy in small animals is to replace normal ongoing losses of water and salts when oral intake is withheld. Hospitalized dogs and cats may have multiple stimuli for antidiuretic hormone release that disrupt normal osmoregulation and predispose to water retention. Severe illness promotes retention of both sodium and water as edema. Commercially available fluids have electrolyte concentrations that are very different from dietary maintenance requirements, and potential consequences include development of hypoosmolality, edema, or both when excesses of water or sodium are administered. Suggestions for tailoring fluid administration toward specific goals are provided.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Hansen, Bernie and Vigani, Alessio}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={383-+} }
 @article{cavanagh_sullivan_hansen_2016, title={Retrospective evaluation of fluid overload and relationship to outcome in critically ill dogs}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1476-4431"]}, DOI={10.1111/vec.12477}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Cavanagh, Amanda A. and Sullivan, Lauren A. and Hansen, Bernard D.}, year={2016}, pages={578–586} }
 @article{jacob_hoppin_steers_davis_davidson_hansen_lunn_murphy_papich_2015, title={Opinions of clinical veterinarians at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections}, volume={247}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.247.8.938}, DOI={10.2460/javma.247.8.938}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Jacob, Megan E. and Hoppin, Jane A. and Steers, Nicola and Davis, Jennifer L. and Davidson, Gigi and Hansen, Bernie and Lunn, Katharine F. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Papich, Mark G.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={938–944} }
 @article{istvan_walker_hansen_hanel_marks_2015, title={Presumptive intraperitoneal envenomation resulting in hemoperitoneum and acute abdominal pain in a dog}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1476-4431"]}, DOI={10.1111/vec.12341}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Istvan, Stephanie A. and Walker, Julie M. and Hansen, Bernard D. and Hanel, Rita M. and Marks, Steven L.}, year={2015}, pages={770–777} }
 @misc{lascelles_gruen_vaden_hansen_roe_hardie_2014, title={Chronic kidney disease in cats}, volume={244}, number={7}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Lascelles, B. D. X. and Gruen, M. and Vaden, S. and Hansen, B. and Roe, S. and Hardie, L.}, year={2014}, pages={775–776} }
 @article{edwards_coleman_brainard_defrancesco_hansen_keene_koenig_2014, title={Outcome of positive-pressure ventilation in dogs and cats with congestive heart failure: 16 cases (1992-2012)}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1476-4431"]}, DOI={10.1111/vec.12230}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Edwards, Thomas H. and Coleman, Amanda Erickson and Brainard, Benjamin M. and DeFrancesco, Teresa C. and Hansen, Bernard D. and Keene, Bruce W. and Koenig, Amie}, year={2014}, pages={586–593} }
 @article{obrador_musulin_hansen_2014, title={Red blood cell storage lesion}, volume={25}, ISSN={1479-3261}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vec.12252}, DOI={10.1111/vec.12252}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Obrador, Rafael and Musulin, Sarah and Hansen, Bernie}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={187–199} }
 @article{fujita_hansen_hanel_2013, title={Bacterial Contamination of Stethoscope Chest Pieces and the Effect of Daily Cleaning}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0891-6640"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12032}, abstractNote={BackgroundStethoscopes are a potential source of nosocomial infection for hospitalized humans, a phenomenon not previously studied in companion animals.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Fujita, H. and Hansen, B. and Hanel, R.}, year={2013}, pages={354–358} }
 @article{benito_hansen_depuy_davidson_thomson_simpson_roe_hardie_lascelles_2013, title={Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index: Responsiveness and Testing of Criterion Validity}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0891-6640"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12077}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.12077}, abstractNote={BackgroundProgress in establishing if therapies provide relief to cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD)‐associated pain is hampered by a lack of validated owner‐administered assessment methods.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Benito, J. and Hansen, B. and DePuy, V. and Davidson, G. S. and Thomson, A. and Simpson, W. and Roe, S. and Hardie, E. and Lascelles, B. D. X.}, year={2013}, pages={474–482} }
 @article{benito_depuy_hardie_zamprogno_thomson_simpson_roe_hansen_lascelles_2013, title={Reliability and discriminatory testing of a client-based metrology instrument, feline musculoskeletal pain index (FMPI) for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats}, volume={196}, ISSN={1090-0233}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.015}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to test the readability, reliability, repeatability and discriminatory ability of an owner-completed instrument to assess feline degenerative joint disease (DJD)-associated pain (feline musculoskeletal pain index, FMPI). Readability was explored using four different formulas (Flesch, Fry, SMOG and FOG) and the final FMPI instrument was produced. To assess the instrument, client-owned cats that were defined as normal (normal group) or as having DJD-associated pain and mobility impairment (pain-DJD group) were recruited. A total of 32 client-owned cats were enrolled in the study (normal, n=13; pain-DJD, n=19). Owners completed the FMPI on two occasions, 14days apart. Internal consistency (reliability) and repeatability (test-retest) were explored using Cronbach's α and weighted κ statistic, respectively. Data from the two groups were compared using analysis of covariance (controlling for age) to evaluate discriminatory ability. The FMPI was constructed with 21 questions covering activity, pain intensity and overall quality of life. It had a 6th grade readability score. Reliability of the FMPI was excellent (Cronbach's α>0.8 for all groupings of questions in normal and pain-DJD cats) and repeatability was good (weighted κ statistic >0.74) for normal and pain-DJD cats. All components of the FMPI were able to distinguish between normal cats and cats with DJD (P<0.001 for all components). This initial evaluation of the FMPI suggests that this instrument is worthy of continued investigation.}, number={3}, journal={The Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Benito, J. and DePuy, V. and Hardie, E. and Zamprogno, H. and Thomson, A. and Simpson, W. and Roe, S. and Hansen, B. and Lascelles, B.D.X.}, year={2013}, month={Jun}, pages={368–373} }
 @article{hansen_lascelles_thomson_depuy_2013, title={Variability of performance of wound infusion catheters}, volume={40}, ISSN={1467-2987}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12016}, DOI={10.1111/vaa.12016}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To compare the distribution of flow from two commercial and one handmade multihole wound infusion catheters.


STUDY DESIGN
Open label experimental measurement of flow distribution in a bench top apparatus of handmade (n = 10) and two commercial (n = 10 each) wound infusion catheters with 5-6'' (12-15.2 cm) long diffusion surfaces.


METHODS
The distribution of 6 mL of distilled water injected at three different injection speeds (0.5, 5, and 120 minutes) through individual triangular pieces of felt cloth fitted over six contiguous regions of the diffusion surface of each catheter was measured in triplicate.


RESULTS
The distribution of flow through the six regions was significantly more uniform at the two faster injection speeds. Ninety two per cent of the 120 minute infusion trials resulted in one or more regions producing negligible flow (<5% of total output), and in 16% of the 120 minute trials all the flow came from just one or two regions.


CONCLUSIONS
Constant-rate infusions of 3 mL hour(-1) provide erratic distribution of flow from wound infusion catheters in a bench top apparatus. Commercial catheters did not outperform handmade catheters.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Uneven distribution of flow at low infusion speeds may contribute to inconsistent or unsatisfactory pain relief in patients treated with continuous wound infusions of local anesthetics.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hansen, Bernie and Lascelles, B Duncan X and Thomson, Andrea and DePuy, Venita}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={308–315} }
 @article{walker_hanel_hansen_motsinger-reif_2012, title={Comparison of venous sampling methods for thromboelastography in clinically normal dogs}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.73.12.1864}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Walker, Julie M. and Hanel, Rita M. and Hansen, Bernard D. and Motsinger-Reif, Alison A.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={1864–1870} }
 @article{conner_hanel_hansen_motsinger-reif_asakawa_swanson_2012, title={Effects of acepromazine maleate on platelet function assessed by use of adenosine diphosphate activated- and arachidonic acid-activated modified thromboelastography in healthy dogs}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.73.5.595}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Conner, Bobbi J. and Hanel, Rita M. and Hansen, Bernard D. and Motsinger-Reif, Alison A. and Asakawa, Makoto and Swanson, Clifford R.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={595–601} }
 @article{gonzales_hanel_hansen_marks_2011, title={Effect of intravenous administration of dextrose on coagulation in healthy dogs}, volume={72}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.72.4.562}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Gonzales, Jennifer L. and Hanel, Rita M. and Hansen, Bernie D. and Marks, Steve L.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={562–569} }
 @article{hardie_lascelles_meuten_davidson_papich_hansen_2011, title={Evaluation of intermittent infusion of bupivacaine into surgical wounds of dogs postoperatively}, volume={190}, ISSN={["1090-0233"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.008}, abstractNote={Thirty-one dogs were randomised to receive intermittent wound infusion of bupivacaine or saline after surgery. Wound pressure sensitivity, pain scores, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, analgesic drugs administered, time to walking and time to eating after surgery were recorded. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations were measured. The relative frequency distributions of the non-interventional and interventional pain scores, but not the relative frequency distributions of palpation pain scores or wound pressure sensitivity, were significantly different between groups following surgery. There was a significant difference between groups in the time to eating and in the amount and timing of analgesic drugs administered. Measured plasma bupivacaine concentrations demonstrated systemic absorption of the drug. Bupivacaine infusion into surgical wounds after surgery may improve post-operative recovery, but no effect on wound tenderness was demonstrated in this study.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Hardie, Elizabeth M. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Meuten, Travis and Davidson, Gigi S. and Papich, Mark G. and Hansen, Bernie D.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={287–289} }
 @article{lascelles_henry iii_brown_robertson_sumrell_simpson_wheeler_hansen_zamprogno_freire_et al._2010, title={Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Radiographic Degenerative Joint Disease in Domesticated Cats}, volume={39}, ISSN={0161-3499 1532-950X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00708.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00708.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in a randomly selected sample of domestic cats.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective observational study.


ANIMALS
Client-owned cats.


METHODS
Cats (n=100) from a single practice and equally distributed across 4 age groups (0-5; 5-10; 10-15, and 15-20 years old) were randomly selected (regardless of heath status) and sedated for orthogonal radiographic projections of all joints and the spine. Quasi-Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between patient demographics, blood biochemistry, hematologic and urine analysis variables, and DJD severity.


RESULTS
Most (92%) cats had radiographic evidence of DJD; 91% had at least 1 site of appendicular DJD and 55% had > or = 1 site of axial column DJD. Affected joints in descending order of frequency were hip, stifle, tarsus, and elbow. The thoracic segment of the spine was more frequently affected than the lumbosacral segment. Although many variables were significantly associated with DJD, when variables were combined, only the association between age and DJD was significant (P<.0001). For each 1-year increase in cat age, the expected total DJD score increases by an estimated 13.6% (95% confidence interval: 10.6%, 16.8%).


CONCLUSION
Radiographically visible DJD is very common in domesticated cats, even in young animals and is strongly associated with age.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
DJD is a common disease of domesticated cats that requires further investigation of its associated clinical signs.}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Henry III, John B. and Brown, James and Robertson, Ian and Sumrell, Andrea Thomson and Simpson, Wendy and Wheeler, Simon and Hansen, Bernie D. and Zamprogno, Helia and Freire, Mila and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={535–544} }
 @article{lascelles_depuy_thomson_hansen_marcellin-little_biourge_bauer_2010, title={Evaluation of a Therapeutic Diet for Feline Degenerative Joint Disease}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0495.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0495.x}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Feline degenerative joint disease (DJD) is common and there are no approved therapies for the alleviation of the associated pain.


OBJECTIVE
To test a diet high in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content and supplemented with green-lipped mussel extract and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (test-diet) for its pain-relieving and activity-enhancing effects in cats with painful, mobility-impairing DJD over a 9-week period.


ANIMALS
Forty client-owned cats.


METHODS
Randomized, controlled, blinded, parallel group, prospective clinical study. Cats with no detectable systemic disease, and with at least 1 appendicular joint with radiographic evidence of DJD where manipulation elicited an aversive response were included. Cats were randomly allocated to the test-diet or control diet (C-diet). Outcome measures were subjective owner and veterinarian assessments, and objective activity monitoring (accelerometry). Nonparametric statistics were used to evaluate changes within and between groups for both subjective and objective data, and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing regression analysis was used to predict activity changes.


RESULTS
The primary objective outcome measures indicated that activity declined significantly (P < .001) in the C-diet group, significantly increased (P < .001) in the test-diet group and there was a significant difference between the groups (P < .001).


CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
A diet high in EPA and DHA and supplemented with green-lipped mussel extract and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate improved objective measures of mobility. Dietary modulation might be 1 method to use to improve mobility in cats with DJD-associated pain.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, publisher={Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111)}, author={Lascelles, B. D. X. and DePuy, V. and Thomson, A. and Hansen, B. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Biourge, V. and Bauer, J. E.}, year={2010}, pages={487–495} }
 @article{zamprogno_hansen_bondell_sumrell_simpson_robertson_brown_pease_roe_hardie_et al._2010, title={Item generation and design testing of a questionnaire to assess degenerative joint disease–associated pain in cats}, volume={71}, ISSN={0002-9645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.71.12.1417}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.71.12.1417}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Zamprogno, Helia and Hansen, Bernie D. and Bondell, Howard D. and Sumrell, Andrea Thomson and Simpson, Wendy and Robertson, Ian D. and Brown, James and Pease, Anthony P. and Roe, Simon C. and Hardie, Elizabeth M. and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={1417–1424} }
 @misc{hansen_2010, title={Questions study on dietary supplementation in dogs with osteoarthritis}, volume={236}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Hansen, B.}, year={2010}, pages={949–949} }
 @article{scott_hansen_defrancesco_2009, title={Coagulation effects of low molecular weight heparin compared with heparin in dogs considered to be at risk for clinically significant venous thrombosis}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1476-4431"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1476-4431.2008.00339.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Scott, Kielyn C. and Hansen, Bernie D. and DeFrancesco, Teresa C.}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={74–80} }
 @article{holowaychuk_hansen_defrancesco_marks_2009, series={Contributed cases and assisted in data collection and interpretation of findings}, title={Ionized Hypocalcemia in Critically Ill Dogs}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0280.x}, abstractNote={Background:  Ionized hypocalcemia (iHCa) is a common electrolyte disturbance in critically ill people, especially those with sepsis. The cause of the iHCa is not entirely understood and is likely multifactorial. Critically ill people with iHCa have longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates compared to people with normocalcemia. There are no published clinical studies evaluating the incidence and impact of iHCa in critically ill dogs.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, author={Holowaychuk, M.K. and Hansen, B.D. and DeFrancesco, T.C. and Marks, S.L.}, year={2009}, pages={509–513}, collection={Contributed cases and assisted in data collection and interpretation of findings} }
 @article{hansen_2008, title={Analgesia for the Critically III Dog or Cat: An Update}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.08.002}, abstractNote={Acute pain reliably accompanies severe illness and injury, and when sufficiently severe, it can complicate the recovery of critically ill patients. Because acute pain is closely tied to the neurologic process of nociception, pharmacologic therapy is often essential and effective. This update focuses on two methods of treatment of acute pain-local anesthetic infusion and continuous intravenous infusion of multimodal agents-that can be layered on top of standard care with other drugs.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Hansen, Bernie}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={1353-+} }
 @article{lascelles_hansen_thomson_pierce_boland_smith_2008, title={Evaluation of a digitally integrated accelerometer-based activity monitor for the measurement of activity in cats(1)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1467-2987"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00367.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00367.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To assess the correlation between data generated by an accelerometer-based activity monitor and the distance moved in cats.


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective experimental study.


ANIMALS
Three, four-year-old, male, purpose-bred research cats, weighing between 5.1 and 5.9 kg.


METHODS
Part I: Collar and harness mounted accelerometers were evaluated in three cats, comparing simultaneously collected accelerometer data with movement data from computer-analyzed video. Part II: Cats wore collar and harness mounted accelerometers, and data were recorded for 4 weeks to evaluate day-to-day and week-to-week variation in activity.


RESULTS
Part I: 432 hours of simultaneous video and accelerometer data were collected. The correlation between accelerometer counts and distance moved was 0.82 overall. Agreement between collar and harness mounted accelerometers was excellent with only 6% of the differences in measurements lying outside the mean difference +/- 2 standard deviations. The adjusted R(2) for harness accelerometer output and 6% mobility was 0.75; for movement 0.84; and for mean velocity 0.83. Evaluation of video indicated eating, grooming and scratching created high accelerometer counts with little effect on movement. Part II: There was a significant effect of day on harness (p < 0.001) and collar (p < 0.002) counts, with counts being lowest at the weekend. There was a significant effect of week on harness-mounted accelerometer counts (p < 0.034), but not on collar-mounted accelerometer counts. Harness accelerometer counts were lowest in week 1.


CONCLUSION
Output from an acceleration-based digitally integrated accelerometer correlated well with distance moved and mobility in freely moving cats provided the mobility threshold in the analysis software was > or = 6%.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Acceleration-based activity monitors may allow for objective measurement of improved mobility following analgesic treatment for conditions such as osteoarthritis.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Hansen, Bernard D. and Thomson, Andrea and Pierce, Courtney C. and Boland, Elizabeth and Smith, Eric S.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={173–183} }
 @article{finster_defrancesco_atkins_hansen_keene_2008, title={Supraventricular tachycardia in dogs: 65 cases (1990-2007)}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1476-4431"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1476-4431.2008.00346.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Finster, Sharon T. and DeFrancesco, Teresa C. and Atkins, Clarke E. and Hansen, Bernie D. and Keene, Bruce W.}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={503–510} }
 @article{delillo_hansen_2008, title={Vaginoscopic urinary catheter placement in female dogs}, volume={37}, ISSN={0093-7355 1548-4475}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban0508-201}, DOI={10.1038/laban0508-201}, abstractNote={Urinary catheter placement in dogs may be necessary for certain surgical procedures or for treatment of certain conditions. This column describes the vaginoscopic placement of an indwelling female urinary catheter and possible complications of catheter placement.}, number={5}, journal={Lab Animal}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={DeLillo, Daniel and Hansen, Bernie}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={201–202} }
 @article{minneci_deans_hansen_parent_romines_gonzales_ying_munson_suffredini_feng_et al._2007, title={A canine model of septic shock: balancing animal welfare and scientific relevance}, volume={293}, ISSN={["1522-1539"]}, DOI={10.1152/ajpheart.00589.2007}, abstractNote={A shock canine pneumonia model that permitted relief of discomfort with the use of objective criteria was developed and validated. After intrabronchial Staphylococcus aureus challenge, mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, fluids, vasopressors, sedatives, and analgesics were titrated based on algorithms for 96 h. Increasing S. aureus (1 to 8 × 109colony-forming units/kg) produced decreasing survival rates ( P = 0.04). From 4 to 96 h, changes in arterial-alveolar oxygen gradients, mean pulmonary artery pressure, IL-1, serum sodium levels, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support were ordered based on survival time [acute nonsurvivors (≤24 h until death, n = 8) ≥ subacute nonsurvivors (>24 to 96 h until death, n = 8) ≥ survivors (≥96 h until death, n = 22) (all P < 0.05)]. In the first 12 h, increases in lactate and renal abnormalities were greatest in acute nonsurvivors (all P < 0.05). Compared with survivors, subacute nonsurvivors had greater rises in cytokines and liver enzymes and greater falls in platelets, white cell counts, pH, and urine output from 24 to 96 h (all P < 0.05). Importantly, these changes were not attributable to dosages of sedation, which decreased in nonsurvivors [survivors vs. nonsurvivors: 5.0 ± 1.0 vs. 3.8 ± 0.7 ml·h−1·(fentanyl/midazolam/ medetomidine)−1; P = 0.02]. In this model, the pain control regimen did not mask changes in metabolic function and lung injury or the need for more hemodynamic and pulmonary support related to increasing severity of sepsis. The integration into this model of both specific and supportive titrated therapies routinely used in septic patients may provide a more realistic setting to evaluate therapies for sepsis.}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Minneci, Peter C. and Deans, Katherine J. and Hansen, Bernie and Parent, Chantal and Romines, Chris and Gonzales, Denise A. and Ying, Sai-Xia and Munson, Peter and Suffredini, Anthony F. and Feng, Jing and et al.}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={H2487–H2500} }
 @article{hansen_lascelles_keene_adams_thomson_2007, title={Evaluation of an accelerometer for at-home monitoring of spontaneous activity in dogs}, volume={68}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.5.468}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.68.5.468}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Hansen, Bernard D. and Lascelles, Duncan X. and Keene, Bruce W. and Adams, Allison K. and Thomson, Andrea E.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={468–475} }
 @article{lascelles_hansen_roe_depuy_thomson_pierce_smith_rowinski_2007, title={Evaluation of client-specific outcome measures and activity monitoring to measure pain relief in cats with osteoarthritis}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[410:EOCOMA]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
There are no validated systems for measuring pain from osteoarthritis in cats.


HYPOTHESIS
Owner subjective assessments and an activity monitor (AM) can be used to detect pain in cats with osteoarthritis and to assess efficacy of treatments.


ANIMALS
Thirteen cats older than 10 years old, with owner-assessed decreases in activity, painful arthritic joints, and clinically normal blood work were included and evaluated for 3 weeks.


METHODS
A collar-mounted AM measured activity and a client-specific outcome measure (CSOM) questionnaire characterized the severity of impairment. Overall global quality of life was also evaluated for each treatment. In weeks 2 and 3, meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg, day 1; 0.05 mg/kg, days 2-5) or a placebo was administered in a blinded, randomized, cross-over manner to test the assessment systems.


RESULTS
The cats had a median of 4 arthritic appendicular joints. Activity counts for the week when cats (complete data on activity; n=9) were administered meloxicam were significantly higher than at baseline (P = .02) but not after placebo (P = .06). Baseline activity counts were not significantly different from placebo (P = .6). The CSOM data (n=13) showed that owners considered their cats to be more active on meloxicam compared with baseline (P = .001) and placebo (P < .004), and more active on placebo than at baseline (P < .01). Global quality of life improved significantly with meloxicam (P < .042).


CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Both an AM and a CSOM system can detect behavior associated with pain relief in cats that are arthritic. Objective activity data might allow subjective assessment systems to be validated for use in clinical studies.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Hansen, Bernie D. and Roe, Simon and Depuy, Venita and Thomson, Andrea and Pierce, Courtney C. and Smith, Eric S. and Rowinski, Elizabeth}, year={2007}, pages={410–416} }
 @article{davis_hardie_lascelles_hansen_2007, title={Feline fibrosarcoma: Perioperative management}, volume={29}, number={12}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian}, author={Davis, K. M. and Hardie, E. M. and Lascelles, B. D. X. and Hansen, B.}, year={2007}, pages={712-} }
 @article{defrancesco_rush_rozanski_hansen_keene_moore_atkins_2007, title={Prospective clinical evaluation of an ELISA B-type natriuretic peptide assay in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in dogs presenting with cough or dyspnea}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[243:PCEOAE]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Background:B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is increased in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). 
 
 
 
Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of a novel canine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of BNP for the diagnosis of CHF in dogs presenting with either cough or dyspnea. 
 
 
 
Animals:Three hundred and thirty dogs from 2 large university teaching hospitals. 
 
 
 
Methods:We prospectively measured plasma BNP concentrations in 3 groups of dogs: (1) normal adult dogs (n = 75), (2) dogs with asymptomatic heart disease (n = 76), and (3) dogs with cough or dyspnea (n = 179). The final diagnosis of dogs with cough or dyspnea and the severity of CHF (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council Heart Failure Classification [ISACHC]) were determined by medical record review by a study cardiologist who was blinded to the results of the BNP assay. 
 
 
 
Results:Dogs with CHF had a higher median BNP concentration (24.6 pg/mL) than dogs with noncardiac causes of cough or dyspnea (2.6 pg/mL) (P < .0001). The area under the curve was 0.91 for the receiver operating curve analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the BNP measurement to differentiate CHF from other causes of cough or dyspnea. The median BNP concentrations in dogs were 3.0 pg/mL with ISACHC I, 17.8 pg/mL with ISACHC II, and 30.5 pg/mL with ISACHC III. (P < .0001) 
 
 
 
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Measurement of BNP is useful in establishing or in excluding the diagnosis of CHF in dogs with cough or dyspnea. B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations rose significantly as a function of severity of CHF.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={DeFrancesco, Teresa C. and Rush, John E. and Rozanski, Elizabeth A. and Hansen, Bernard D. and Keene, Bruce W. and Moore, Dominic T. and Atkins, Clarke E.}, year={2007}, pages={243–250} }
 @misc{hansen_2005, title={Analgesia and sedation in the critically ill}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1476-4431"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1476-4431.2005.00166.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Hansen, BD}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={285–294} }
 @article{hansen_2003, title={An alternative model for teaching emergency procedures}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0748-321X"]}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.30.3.270}, abstractNote={ Emergency/critical care is a new veterinary specialty that poses special challenges in veterinary education. Traditional methods of teaching emergency procedures in the teaching hospital place novices in a high-stress, high-stakes environment not conducive to learning or to optimum patient care. Our innovative emergency-procedures laboratory enables students to acquire a high degree of proficiency, in a realistic setting, with focused, controlled instruction and practice, replicable in schools with or without emergency/critical care facilities. }, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION}, author={Hansen, BD}, year={2003}, pages={270–273} }
 @article{hansen_2003, title={Assessment of pain in dogs: Veterinary clinical studies}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1930-6180"]}, DOI={10.1093/ilar.44.3.197}, abstractNote={Hundreds of thousands of animals are presented to US veterinarians annually for surgery or for evaluation of painful disease. This large population offers the opportunity for clinical research of both acute and chronic pain syndromes. Although there is growing interest by veterinary clinical specialists to explore the nature of animal pain and how best to treat it, this resource is relatively unknown to the pain research community. Computer-assisted collection of behavioral data has created new opportunities for characterizing the pain experience in animal species for the benefit of both animals and humans. This review describes the current state of veterinary clinical pain studies in dogs and an application of computer-assisted behavioral analysis.}, number={3}, journal={ILAR JOURNAL}, author={Hansen, BD}, year={2003}, pages={197–205} }
 @article{defrancesco_hansen_atkins_sidley_keene_2003, title={Noninvasive transthoracic temporary cardiac pacing in dogs}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2003)017<0663:NTTCPI>2.3.CO;2}, abstractNote={Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 17, Issue 5 p. 663-667 Open Access Noninvasive Transthoracic Temporary Cardiac Pacing in Dogs Teresa C. DeFrancesco, Corresponding Author Teresa C. DeFrancesco Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorBernard D. Hansen, Bernard D. Hansen Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorClarke E. Atkins, Clarke E. Atkins Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorJennifer A. Sidley, Jennifer A. Sidley Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorBruce W. Keene, Bruce W. Keene Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this author Teresa C. DeFrancesco, Corresponding Author Teresa C. DeFrancesco Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorBernard D. Hansen, Bernard D. Hansen Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorClarke E. Atkins, Clarke E. Atkins Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorJennifer A. Sidley, Jennifer A. Sidley Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorBruce W. Keene, Bruce W. Keene Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02497.xCitations: 33AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Temporary cardiac pacing is used in the emergency treatment of life-threatening bradyarrhythmias and for the support of heart rate and blood pressure of patients with sick sinus syndrome or high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block undergoing general anesthesia, typically for permanent pacemaker implantation. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of a noninvasive transthoracic external cardiac pacing system in 42 dogs treated for bradyarrhythmias. Optimal placement of the patch electrodes on the skin of the thorax was initially established on 2 anesthetized normal dogs. The optimal electrode placement was determined to be on the right and left hemithoraces, directly over the heart. Afterward, by means of this electrode placement, all 42 dogs treated for bradyarrhythmias in this study were successfully paced with the noninvasive transthoracic system. Dogs ranged in age from 1 to 15 years and weighed between 3.2 and 40 kg. Miniature Schnauzers, German Shepherds, and mixed breeds were most common in the study population. Indications for noninvasive transthoracic pacing included emergency treatment of hemodynamically unstable 3rd-degree AV block (2 dogs); support of heart rate during general anesthesia for permanent pacemaker implantation or lead-wire adjustment (38 dogs); and support of heart rate during general anesthesia for ophthalmologic surgery in dogs with sick sinus syndrome (2 dogs). Complications included pain and skeletal muscle stimulation, which required general anesthesia. We conclude that the noninvasive transthoracic pacing system evaluated is satisfactory for clinical veterinary use. References 1 Yoshioka MM, Tilley LP, Harvey HJ, et al. Permanent pacemaker implantation in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1981; 17: 746–750. 2 Bonagura JD, Helphrey ML, Muir WW. Complications associated with permanent pacemaker implantation in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182: 149–155. 3 Klement P., Del-Nido PJ, Wilson GJ. The use of cardiac pacemakers in veterinary practice. Compendium 1984; 6: 893–902. 4 Fox PR, Matthiesen DT, Purse D., et al. Ventral abdominal, trans-diaphragmatic approach for implantation of cardiac pacemakers in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986; 189: 1303–1308. 5 Sisson D., Thomas WP, Woodfield J., et al. Permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation in forty dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1991; 5: 322–331. 6 Flanders JA, Moise NS, Gelzer ARM, et al. Introduction of an endocardial pacing lead through the costocervical vein in six dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215: 46–48. 7 Cote E., Laste NJ. Transvenous cardiac pacing. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2000; 15: 165–176. 8 Hynes JK, Holmes DR, Harrison CE. Five-year experience with temporary pacemaker therapy in the coronary care unit. Mayo Clin Proc 1983; 58: 122–126. 9 Hildick-Smith DJR, Petch MC. Temporary pacing before per-manent pacing should be avoided unless essential. Br Med J 1999; 317: 79–80. 10 Murphy JJ. Problems with temporary cardiac pacing. Br Med J 2001; 323: 527. 11 Zoll PM. Resuscitation of the heart in ventricular standstill by external electric stimulation. N Engl J Med 1952; 13: 768–771. 12 Zoll PM, Zoll RH, Belgard AH. External noninvasive electric stimulation of the heart. Crit Care Med 1981; 9: 393–394. 13 Falk RH, Zoll PM, Zoll RH. Safety and efficacy of noninvasive cardiac pacing. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 1166–1168. 14 Zoll PM, Zoll RH, Falk RH, et al. External noninvasive temporary cardiac pacing: Clinical trials. Circulation 1985; 71: 937–944. 15 White JD, Brown CG. Immediate transthoracic pacing for cardiac asystole in an emergency department setting. Am J Emerg Med 1985; 3: 125–128. 16 Allen PW, OToole JJ. External transthoracic pacemaking. Anaesthesia 1988; 43: 895–896. 17 Madsen JK, Meibom J., Videbak R., et al. Transcutaneous pacing: Experience with the Zoll noninvasive temporary pacemaker. Am Heart J 1988; 116: 7–10. 18 Normal myocardial enzymes and normal echocardiographic findings during noninvasive transcutaneous pacing Pacing Clin Elec-trophysiol 1988; 11: 1188–1193. 19 Kirschenbaum LP, Eisenkraft JB, Mitchell J., Hillel Z. Transtho-racic pacing for the treatment of severe bradycardia during induction of anesthesia. J Cardiothorac Anesth 1989; 3: 329–332. 20 Wood M., Ellenbogen KA. Bradyarrhythmias, emergency pacing and implantable defibrillation devices. Crit Care Clin 1989; 5: 551–568. 21 Hedges JR, Feero S., Shultz B., et al. Prehospital transcutaneous cardiac pacing for symptomatic bradycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophy-siol 1991; 14: 1473–1478. 22 Gammage MD. Temporary cardiac pacing. Heart 2000; 83: 715–720. 23 Syverud SA, Dalsey WC, Hedges JR, et al. Transcutaneous cardiac pacing: Determination of myocardial injury in the canine model. Ann Emerg Med 1983; 12: 745–748. 24 Kicklighter EJ, Syverud SA, Dalsey WC, et al. Pathological aspects of transcutaneous cardiac pacing. Am J Emerg Med 1985; 3: 108–113. 25 Syverud SA, Hedges JR, Dalsey WC, et al. Hemodynamics of transcutaneous cardiac pacing. Am J Emerg Med 1986; 4: 17–20. 26 Niemann JT, Rosborough JP, Garner D., et al. External nonin-vasive cardiac pacing; comparative hemodynamic study of two techniques with conventional endocardial pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophy-siol 1988; 11: 575–582. 27 Hedges JR, Syverud SA, Dalsey WC, et al. Threshold, enzymatic, and pathologic changes associated with prolonged transcuta-neous pacing in a chronic heart block model. J Emerg Med 1989; 7: 1–4. 28 Oyama MA, Sisson DD, Lehmkuhl LB. Practices and outcomes of artificial cardiac pacing in 154 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2001; 15: 229–239. Citing Literature Volume17, Issue5September 2003Pages 663-667 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={DeFrancesco, TC and Hansen, BD and Atkins, CE and Sidley, JA and Keene, BW}, year={2003}, pages={663–667} }
 @article{hawkins_hansen_bunch_2003, title={Use of animation-enhanced video clips for teaching abnormal breathing patterns}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0748-321X"]}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.30.1.73}, abstractNote={ The ability to characterize disease of the respiratory tract accurately based on breathing pattern is helpful for the development of differential diagnoses and an efficient diagnostic plan and critical for the stabilization of patients in respiratory distress. Veterinary students do not have sufficient clinical experience to observe personally all types of respiratory diseases and their resultant abnormal breathing patterns. We developed a teaching tool, the animated breathing pattern videotape (ABV), to fill this gap. The ABV is a collection of video clips of small animal patients with normal and abnormal breathing patterns on a conventional videotape of approximately 20 minutes duration. Each video clip is shown for 20 to 40 seconds, followed by the same clip with superimposed animation of rib and diaphragm motion, followed by the initial clip again, without overlying animation. The ABV has since been used in teaching third-year veterinary students, interns, residents, practicing veterinarians, and veterinary technicians. Student evaluations and responses to questionnaires by interns, residents, practicing veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and peer reviewers have been uniformly positive. }, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION}, author={Hawkins, EC and Hansen, B and Bunch, BL}, year={2003}, pages={73–77} }
 @article{olby_munana_de risio_sebestyen_hansen_2002, title={Cervical injury following a horse kick to the head in two dogs}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0587-2871"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036069170&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.5326/0380321}, abstractNote={Two dogs were presented to North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital following blunt trauma to the head delivered by a horse kick. On presentation, both dogs had resolving clinical signs directly related to the head trauma, but both also had compromise to their upper airway as a result of indirect injury to the soft tissues of the neck, visible on plain radiographs. One dog made a full recovery following a period of assisted ventilation. The other dog was euthanized at the request of the owner. These injuries illustrate the importance of evaluating the cervical spine and soft tissues of the neck following blunt trauma to the head.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Olby, N and Munana, K and De Risio, L and Sebestyen, P and Hansen, B}, year={2002}, pages={321–326} }
 @article{hansen_defrancesco_2002, title={Relationship between hydration estimate and body weight change after fluid therapy in critically ill dogs and cats}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1534-6935"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1435-6935.2002.t01-1-00050.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE}, author={Hansen, B and DeFrancesco, T}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={235–243} }
 @article{hansen_2001, title={Epidural catheter analgesia in dogs and cats: Technique and review of 182 cases (1991-1999)}, volume={11}, ISBN={1534-6935}, DOI={10.1111/j.1476-4431.2001.tb00075.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Official Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care}, author={Hansen, B. D.}, year={2001}, pages={95} }
 @article{hansen_2001, title={Intravenous catheters}, volume={11}, ISBN={1354-0157}, number={3}, journal={Waltham Focus}, author={Hansen, B. D.}, year={2001}, pages={4} }
 @article{hansen_2000, title={Acute pain management}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0195-5616(08)70014-7}, abstractNote={We encounter patients with acute pain many times each day, and few aspects of veterinary practice offer such an opportunity to help so many in such a profoundly rewarding way. As emphasized here and elsewhere, we now have excellent tools with which to help these animals, and the biggest impediment to optimal treatment of their pain is often our own difficulty in recognizing its presence. Perhaps the single most important aspect of treating acute pain is to cultivate an ability to see past our personal biases and expectations which may limit treatment and to rediscover the common sense we had about pain before we entered the profession. By rededicating ourselves to seeking out, preventing, and relieving pain, we not only perform a vital service for our patients but also elevate our profession even as we reap financial and spiritual rewards for our efforts. What could be better?}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Hansen, B}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={899-+} }
 @inbook{hansen_2000, title={Epidural analgesia}, ISBN={0721655238}, booktitle={Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.)}, publisher={Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders}, author={Hansen, B.}, year={2000}, pages={126–130} }
 @article{kyles_hardie_hansen_papich_1998, title={Comparison of transdermal fentanyl and intramuscular oxymorphone on post-operative behaviour after ovariohysterectomy in dogs}, volume={65}, ISSN={["0034-5288"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0034-5288(98)90151-5}, abstractNote={The effects of transdermal fentanyl and im oxymorphone on behavioural and physiological responses, after ovariohysterectomy in dogs, were investigated. The study involved three groups of 10 dogs: fentanyl/surgery (FS), oxymorphone/surgery (OS), fentanyl/control (FC). A transdermal fentanyl delivery system (50 μg hour−1) (FS and FC) was applied 20 hours before surgery, or IM oxymorphone (Os) was administered. After ovariohysterectomy (FS and OS) or anaesthesia alone (FC), dogs were continuously videotaped for 24 hours and a standardised hourly interaction with a handler performed. The videotapes were analysed, and interactive and non-interactive behaviours evaluated. In addition, pain and sedation scores, pulse and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, arterial blood pressure, plasma cortisol and plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured. This study showed that transdermal fentanyl and IM oxymorphone (0·05 mg kg−1) produced comparable analgesic effects over a 24 hour recording period. IM oxymorphone produced significantly more sedation and lower rectal temperatures than transdermal fentanyl. There were no significant differences between groups in respiratory and heart rates, and arterial blood pressures.}, number={3}, journal={RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Kyles, AE and Hardie, EM and Hansen, BD and Papich, MG}, year={1998}, pages={245–251} }
 @article{hardie_hansen_carroll_1997, title={Behavior after ovariohysterectomy in the dog: What's normal?}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0168-1591"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01078-7}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to establish the post-operative behavior of caged dogs after ovariohysterectomy. Twenty dogs in the Control Group were anesthetized, but did not undergo surgery. Twenty-two dogs in the Surgery Group underwent laparotomy and ovariohysterectomy. Dogs in the Control and Surgery Groups were further assigned on a random basis to either the Oxymorphone or Placebo Groups (Group O or P). Dogs in Group O received oxymorphone (2.5 mg m−2 intramuscularly) as a pre-anesthetic and 6, 12 and 18 h later, while dogs in Group P received isovolumetric doses of sterile saline. The dogs were videotaped for 24 h after anesthesia, during which time a handler interacted with the dog once each hour. At each interaction the handler recorded a sedation and a pain score, using a numerical scoring system. Interactive and non-interactive behavior was observed and quantitated by a single observer using the videotapes. Surgery resulted in an increase in pain score, sedation score and time spent sleeping. During interactions with caregivers, greeting behaviors were decreased after surgery. Differences between Surgery Group dogs given analgesics and those given placebo drugs were readily measured using quantitative behavioral measurements, but were not apparent using the numerical scoring system.}, number={1-2}, journal={APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE}, author={Hardie, EM and Hansen, BD and Carroll, GS}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={111–128} }
 @article{hansen_hardie_carroll_1997, title={Physiological measurements after ovariohysterectomy in dogs: What's normal?}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1872-9045"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01079-9}, abstractNote={Twenty-two pet dogs presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for elective ovariohysterectomy were treated with oxymorphone 2.5 mg m−2 (Surgery-O group, n = 11) or placebo (Surgery-P group, n = 11) immediately before the induction of anesthesia and 6, 12 and 18 h later. Seventeen random source dogs assigned to a control group that underwent anesthesia alone for 2 h received identical treatment with oxymorphone (Control-O group, n = 9) or placebo (Control-P group, n = 8). The heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature and blood pressure were measured preoperatively, at the time of skin incision (or 1 h after anesthetic induction of controls), at extubation and at hours 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 after extubation. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured preoperatively, at extubation and at hours 3, 6 and 12. Treatment with oxymorphone reduced the heart rate and body temperature in both the Surgery-O and Control-O groups, but no differences in physical findings suggesting an analgesic effect of the drug were identified. Elevated plasma cortisol concentrations were found at hours 3 and 6 in both surgery groups, whereas the plasma cortisol concentration in the control groups did not change. The plasma cortisol concentration was reduced in the Surgery-O group compared to the Surgery-P group at hours 3–12, suggesting an analgesic effect of the drug. We conclude that routinely monitored physiological signs are not sensitive indicators of a stress response to ovariohysterectomy, or of an analgesic effect of oxymorphone.}, number={1-2}, journal={APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE}, author={Hansen, BD and Hardie, EM and Carroll, GS}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={101–109} }
 @article{hansen_1997, title={Through a glass darkly: Using behavior to assess pain}, volume={12}, ISSN={["0882-0511"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1096-2867(97)80003-5}, abstractNote={Behavior assessment is crucial to the process of evaluation of pain and discomfort in veterinary patients. Behavioral responses to pain and other stressors are a function of the interaction between the individual and its environment, and are influenced by many factors including species, breed, age, sex, source of pain, and coexisting disease. Behavioral changes associated with acute postoperative pain typically peak within 24 hours and wane progressively thereafter. The intensity and duration of postoperative pain correlate with the location and extent of tissue injury, but there is much inter-patient variation of each characteristic. Published methods of systematic evaluation of pain in animals include objective measures of physiologic responses to experimental pain, subjective or semi-objective assessment of postoperative behavior, and quantitative measures of postoperative behavior and physiology. The techniques of quantitative measures of behavior are similar to pain-rating instruments developed for use in young children. Although objective assessment tools are difficult to develop and time consuming to apply, their methodological rigor and objectivity allow evaluation of behavior with minimal observer bias. Until objective assessment tools become widely used clinically, the best approach is to actively seek out evidence of pain in our patients, assuming its presence whenever there is tissue injury or inflammation.}, number={2}, journal={SEMINARS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY-SMALL ANIMAL}, author={Hansen, B}, year={1997}, month={May}, pages={61–74} }
 @article{hansen_1994, title={Analgesic therapy}, volume={16}, number={7}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian}, author={Hansen, B. D.}, year={1994}, pages={868} }
 @article{hansen_hardie_1993, title={Prescription and use of analgesics in dogs and cats in a veterinary teaching hospital: 258 cases (1983-1989)}, volume={202}, number={9}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Hansen, B. and Hardie, E.}, year={1993}, pages={1485} }