@article{line_doll_2023, title={EFFECTS OF LIVESTOCK EXCLUSION ON POLLUTANT EXPORT FROM A NORTH CAROLINA BEEF COW PASTURE}, volume={66}, ISSN={["2769-3287"]}, DOI={10.13031/ja.15348}, abstractNote={
						Highlights
					}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ASABE}, author={Line, Daniel E. and Doll, Barbara}, year={2023}, pages={99–105} }
 @article{fidan_gray_doll_nelson_2023, title={Machine learning approach for modeling daily pluvial flood dynamics in agricultural landscapes}, volume={167}, ISSN={["1873-6726"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105758}, DOI={10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105758}, abstractNote={Despite rural, agricultural landscapes being exposed to pluvial flooding, prior predictive flood modeling research has largely focused on urban areas. To improve and extend pluvial flood modeling approaches for use in agricultural regions, we built a machine learning model framework that uses remotely sensed imagery from Planet Labs, gridded rainfall data, and open-access geospatial landscape characteristics to produce a pluvial flood timeline. A Random Forest model was trained and daily flood timeline was generated for Hurricane Matthew (2016) at a 10-m resolution. The results show the model predicts pluvial flooding well, with overall accuracy of 0.97 and F1 score of 0.69. Further evaluation of model outputs highlighted that corn and soybean crops were most impacted by the pluvial flooding. The model may be used to identify agricultural areas susceptible to pluvial flooding, crops that may be potentially impacted, and characteristics of areas that experience pluvial flooding.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE}, author={Fidan, Emine and Gray, Josh and Doll, Barbara and Nelson, Natalie G.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{kurki-fox_doll_monteleone_west_putnam_kelleher_krause_schneidewind_2023, title={Microplastic distribution and characteristics across a large river basin: Insights from the Neuse River in North Carolina, USA}, volume={878}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162940}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162940}, abstractNote={While microplastics (MP) have been found in aquatic ecosystems around the world, the understanding of drivers and controls of their occurrence and distribution have yet to be determined. In particular, their fate and transport in river catchments and networks are still poorly understood. We identified MP concentrations in water and streambed sediment at fifteen locations across the Neuse River Basin in North Carolina, USA. Water samples were collected with two different mesh sizes, a trawl net (>335 μm) and a 64 μm sieve used to filter bailing water samples. MPs >335 μm were found in all the water samples with concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 221 particles per m3 (p m-3) with a median of 0.44 p m-3. The highest concentrations were observed in urban streams and there was a significant correlation between streamflow and MP concentration in the most urbanized locations. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that for MPs >335 μm the three most common polymer types were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. There were substantially more MP particles observed when samples were analyzed using a smaller mesh size (>64 μm), with concentrations ranging from 20 to 130 p m-3 and the most common polymer type being polyethylene terephthalate as identified by Raman spectroscopy. The ratio of MP concentrations (64 μm to 335 μm) ranged from 35 to 375, indicating the 335 μm mesh substantially underestimates MPs relative to the 64 μm mesh. MPs were detected in 14/15 sediment samples. Sediment and water column concentrations were not correlated. We estimate MP (>64 μm) loading from the Neuse River watershed to be 230 billion particles per year. The findings of this study help to better understand how MPs are spatially distributed and transported through a river basin and how MP concentrations are impacted by land cover, hydrology, and sampling method.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kurki-Fox, Jack and Doll, Barbara A. and Monteleone, Bonnie and West, Kayla and Putnam, Gloria and Kelleher, Liam and Krause, Stefan and Schneidewind, Uwe}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{hovis_cubbage_hollinger_shear_doll_kurki-fox_line_lovejoy_evans_potter_2022, title={Determining the costs, revenues, and cost-share payments for the “floodwise” program: Nature-based solutions to mitigate flooding in eastern, rural North Carolina}, volume={2}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100016}, DOI={10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100016}, abstractNote={FloodWise is a pilot project that proposes innovative new approaches for flood disaster resilience by applying nature-based solutions (NBS) in Eastern North Carolina to control water runoff for brief periods after major storm events. We collected production and cost data from primary or secondary sources and used discounted cash flow and capital budgeting procedures at a 6% discount rate for NBS practices to estimate the amounts of payments necessary for farmland owners to break even to adopt NBS practices. Conventional crop farming was profitable already on suitable lands and served as the business as usual (BAU) case to compare to selected NBS practices. Warm-season pasture, loblolly pine forests and agroforestry, and no-till farming exceeded the 6% hurdle rate. Other conventional farm practices of hardpan breakup, cool-season pastures and trees, and bottomland hardwoods would require total payments of up to $600/acre to break even at 6%. Modifications of existing conservation practices, such as stream buffers, cover crops, silvopasture, and tile outlet terraces and tiling, fell in the second tier of total costs of up to $1,512/acre. Major NBS projects that required substantial earthmoving and flood control structures were more expensive - $3,734/acre for water farming (i.e., retention) with berms, $13,252/acre for a forest wetland bank, and about $88,000/acre for a major flood control wetland - and would displace most of the existing area for farm and forest management. However, larger floodwater structure projects could store more water for more extended periods; these storage quantities and benefits need to be assessed in future research.}, journal={Nature-Based Solutions}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hovis, Meredith and Cubbage, Frederick and Hollinger, Joseph Chris and Shear, Theodore and Doll, Barbara and Kurki-Fox, J. Jack and Line, Daniel and Lovejoy, Michelle and Evans, Bryan and Potter, Thomas}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={100016} }
 @article{kurki-fox_doll_line_baldwin_klondike_fox_2022, title={Estimating Changes in Peak Flow and Associated Reductions in Flooding Resulting from Implementing Natural Infrastructure in the Neuse River Basin, North Carolina, USA}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2073-4441"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1479}, DOI={10.3390/w14091479}, abstractNote={As the frequency of more intense storms increases and concerns grow regarding the use of dams and levees, the focus has shifted to natural infrastructure (NI) for flood mitigation. NI has shown some success at small scales; however, little work has been carried out at the large watershed scale during extreme events. Three NI measures (afforestation, water farming, and flood control wetlands) were evaluated in the Neuse River Basin of eastern North Carolina. Detailed geospatial opportunity and hydrologic modeling of the measures were conducted in three subwatersheds of the basin and results were extrapolated to other subwatersheds. NI opportunity was greater and associated modeled peak flow reductions were larger for two subwatersheds located in the lower portion of the basin, where there is less development and flatter land slopes. Peak flow reductions varied spatially depending on the type and placement of NI combined with the hydraulic and morphologic characteristics of the stream network. Extrapolation of reductions to other subwatersheds produced a 4.4% reduction in peak flow for the 100 year storm at the outlet of the river basin in Kinston as a result of water farming on 1.1%, wetlands controlling runoff from 5.7%, and afforestation of 8.4% of the river basin.}, number={9}, journal={WATER}, author={Kurki-Fox, J. Jack and Doll, Barbara A. and Line, Daniel E. and Baldwin, Madalyn E. and Klondike, Travis M. and Fox, Andrew A.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{bergeson_martin_doll_cutts_2022, title={Soil infiltration rates are underestimated by models in an urban watershed in central North Carolina, USA}, volume={313}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115004}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115004}, abstractNote={Stormwater management problems are expanding as urbanization continues and precipitation patterns are increasingly extreme. Urban soils are often more disturbed and compacted than non-urban soils, therefore, rainfall run-off estimates based on models designed for non-urban soils may not be accurate due to altered soil infiltration rates. Our objective was to quantify soil infiltration rates across an urban watershed and compare them to estimates from rainfall-runoff models commonly used in stormwater management (Horton and Green-Ampt) as well as an alternate, random-forest model created using available geospatial data. We measured infiltration rates and collected data on soil properties (texture, bulk density) and context (land use, ground cover, time since development) at 89 points across the 102 ha Walnut Creek watershed in Raleigh, North Carolina (USA). Forest land covers and forest ground covers (leaf litter) had the highest infiltration capacities; however, all of our measurements indicate that urban soils in the Walnut Creek watershed are able to absorb most precipitation events and are likely capable of infiltrating additional urban stormwater runoff. Comparisons between observations and the rainfall-runoff model estimates reveal that both underestimated urban soil infiltration rates. Despite higher than expected urban soil infiltration capacity, stormwater management remains a challenge in this urban watershed. Therefore, to reduce stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces through soil infiltration, impervious surfaces should be disconnected, especially adjacent to new development, and urban forests should be conserved. Further, because our random forest model more accurately captured watershed infiltration rates than the rainfall-runoff models, we propose this type of machine learning approach as an alternative method for informing stormwater management and prioritizing areas for impervious disconnection.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Bergeson, Chase B. and Martin, Katherine L. and Doll, Barbara and Cutts, Bethany B.}, year={2022}, month={Jul} }
 @article{kurki-fox_doll_line_baldwin_klondike_fox_2022, title={The flood reduction and water quality impacts of watershed-scale natural infrastructure implementation in North Carolina, USA}, volume={181}, ISSN={["1872-6992"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106696}, DOI={10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106696}, abstractNote={Natural infrastructure as a mitigation measure for flooding has received increased attention following recent extreme rainfall and flood events in North Carolina. While natural infrastructure (e.g., wetlands, floodplain expansion, reforestation, etc.) has been shown to reduce runoff and mitigate peak flows, it is difficult to predict the aggregate impacts of widespread implementation at the watershed scale for a given location. The primary objectives of this study were to identify suitable areas for natural infrastructure implementation on the landscape to reduce flooding and to use the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate the flood reduction and water quality impacts for three subwatersheds (~150 sq. km each) of the Neuse River Basin. Model results indicated that substantial localized annual maximum flow reduction (up to 30–40%) was possible, mostly correlated to the area of natural infrastructure implementation in the subbasin, but flood reduction benefits declined at the subwatershed-scale (1–16%). On a per hectare basis, wetlands sized and designed strategically for flood control had a greater impact on peak flow reduction than reforestation. The implementation of reforestation and flood control wetlands produced substantial nutrient and sediment load reductions, which also correlated with the area of natural infrastructure implementation. Total nitrogen load reduction ranged from 6 to 18% and total phosphorus load reductions from 4 to 17% for the most intensive implementation of wetlands restoration and reforestation. Sediment load reductions ranged from 16 to 30%. The results of this study illustrate that while flood reduction benefits can be realized at local scales (i.e., subbasin), a substantial area would need to be converted to natural infrastructure to provide flood reduction benefits at the watershed scale.}, journal={ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kurki-Fox, Jack and Doll, Barbara A. and Line, Daniel E. and Baldwin, Madalyn E. and Klondike, Travis M. and Fox, Andrew A.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{hovis_hollinger_cubbage_shear_doll_kurki-fox_line_fox_baldwin_klondike_et al._2021, title={Natural Infrastructure Practices as Potential Flood Storage and Reduction for Farms and Rural Communities in the North Carolina Coastal Plain}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/16/9309}, DOI={10.3390/su13169309}, abstractNote={Increased global temperatures resulting from anthropogenically induced climate changes have increased the frequency and severity of adverse weather events, including extreme rainfall events, floods, and droughts. In recent years, nature-based solutions (NBS) have been proposed to retain storm runoff temporarily and mitigate flood damages. These practices may help rural farm and forest lands to store runoff and reduce flooding on farms and downstream communities and could be incorporated into a conservation program to provide payments for these efforts, which would supplement traditional farm incomes. Despite their potential, there have been very few methodical assessments and detailed summaries of NBS to date. We identified and summarized potential flood reduction practices for the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. These include agricultural practices of (1) cover cropping/no-till farming; (2) hardpan breakup; (3) pine or (4) hardwood afforestation, and (5) agroforestry; establishing the wetland and stream practices of (6) grass and sedge wetlands and earthen retention structures, (7) forest wetland banks, and (8) stream channel restoration; and establishing new structural solutions of (9) dry dams and berms (water farming) and (10) tile drainage and water retention. These practices offer different water holding and storage capacities and costs. A mixture of practices at the farm and landscape level can be implemented for floodwater retention and attenuation and damage reduction, as well as for providing additional farm and forest ecosystem services.}, number={16}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Hovis, Meredith and Hollinger, Joseph Chris and Cubbage, Frederick and Shear, Theodore and Doll, Barbara and Kurki-Fox, J. Jack and Line, Daniel and Fox, Andrew and Baldwin, Madalyn and Klondike, Travis and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{doll_kurki-fox_line_2020, title={A Framework for Planning and Evaluating the Role of Urban Stream Restoration for Improving Transportation Resilience to Extreme Rainfall Events}, volume={12}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1620}, DOI={10.3390/w12061620}, abstractNote={Recent extreme rainfall events produced severe flooding across North Carolina’s Coastal Plain, revealing deep vulnerabilities in many communities. Climate change is expected to exacerbate these problems by further increasing rainfall intensity and the frequency of extreme rainfall events. Due to the risks posed by these changing rainfall patterns, a shift in the approach to infrastructure planning and management is needed for many floodprone communities, particularly in regard to managing streams and floodplains in urban areas. This study proposes a framework for systematically evaluating stream restoration in combination with engineered improvements to culvert and bridge crossings to identify and optimize options for mitigating extreme events in urban areas. To illustrate the methodology, extensive hydraulic modeling was conducted to test four different strategies for reducing flooding along a channelized and armored stream, Big Ditch, located in Goldsboro, North Carolina, USA. The results indicate that neither floodplain restoration nor infrastructure modification alone could alleviate flooding along Big Ditch. Rather, a combination approach would be required to mitigate flooding, which could result in substantial benefits for storms in excess of the 100-year event. The results suggest that shifting to a multi-faceted approach to improve resiliency to extreme events could improve public safety and reduce future damages due to flooding.}, number={6}, journal={Water}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Doll, Barbara and Kurki-Fox, J. Jack and Line, Daniel E.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={1620} }
 @article{donatich_doll_page_nelson_2020, title={Can the Stream Quantification Tool (SQT) Protocol Predict the Biotic Condition of Streams in the Southeast Piedmont (USA)?}, volume={12}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1485}, DOI={10.3390/w12051485}, abstractNote={In some states, the Stream Quantification Tool (SQT) has been adopted to quantify functional change of stream mitigation efforts. However, the ability of the SQT protocol to predict biological function and uphold the premise of the Stream Functions Pyramid (Pyramid) remains untested. Macroinvertebrate community metrics in 34 headwater streams in Piedmont, North Carolina (NC, USA) were related to NC SQT protocol (version 3.0) factors and other variables relevant to ecological function. Three statistical models, including stepwise, lasso, and ridge regression were used to predict the NC Biotic Index (NCBI) and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness using two datasets: 21 SQT variables and the SQT variables plus 13 additional watershed, hydraulic, geomorphic, and physicochemical variables. Cross-validation revealed that stepwise and ridge outperformed lasso, and that the SQT variables can reasonably predict biology metrics (R2 0.53–0.64). Additional variables improved prediction (R2 0.70–0.88), suggesting that the SQT protocol is lacking metrics important to macroinvertebrates. Results moderately support the Pyramid: highly predictive ridge models included metrics from all levels, while highly predictive stepwise models included metrics from higher levels, and not watershed hydrology. Reach-scale metrics were more important than watershed hydrology, providing encouragement for projects limited by watershed condition.}, number={5}, journal={Water}, author={Donatich, Sara and Doll, Barbara and Page, Jonathan and Nelson, Natalie}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{doll_kurki-fox_page_nelson_johnson_2020, title={Flood Flow Frequency Analysis to Estimate Potential Floodplain Nitrogen Treatment during Overbank Flow Events in Urban Stream Restoration Projects}, volume={12}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061568}, DOI={10.3390/w12061568}, abstractNote={Stream restoration for mitigation purposes has grown rapidly since the 1980s. As the science advances, some organizations (Chesapeake Bay Program, North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality) have approved or are considering providing nutrient credits for stream restoration projects. Nutrient treatment on floodplains during overbank events is one of the least understood processes that have been considered as part of the Chesapeake Bay Program’s Stream Restoration Nutrient Crediting program. This study analyzed ten years of streamflow and water quality data from five stations in the Piedmont of North Carolina to evaluate proposed procedures for estimating nitrogen removal on the floodplain during overbank flow events. The volume of floodplain flow, the volume of floodplain flow potentially treated, and the nitrogen load retained on the floodplain were calculated for each overbank event, and a sensitivity analysis was completed. On average, 9% to 15% of the total annual streamflow volume accessed the floodplain. The percentage of the average annual volume of streamflow potentially treated ranged from 1.0% to 5.1%. Annually, this equates to 0.2% to 1.0% of the total N load retained/removed on the floodplain following restoration. The relatively low nitrogen retention/removal rates were due to a majority of floodplain flow occurring during a few large events each year that exceeded the treatment capacity of the floodplain. On an annual basis, 90% of total floodplain flow occurred during half of all overbank events and 50% of total floodplain flow occurred during two to three events each year. Findings suggest that evaluating only overbank events may lead to undervaluing stream restoration because treatment is limited by hydrologic controls that restrict floodplain retention time. Treatment is further governed by floodplain and channel size.}, number={6}, journal={Water}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Doll, Barbara A. and Kurki-Fox, J. Jack and Page, Jonathan L. and Nelson, Natalie G. and Johnson, Jeffrey P.}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={1568} }
 @article{doll_jennings_spooner_penrose_usset_blackwell_fernandez_2016, title={Can rapid assessments predict the biotic condition of restored streams?}, volume={8}, url={http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/4/143}, DOI={10.3390/w8040143}, abstractNote={Five rapid visual stream assessment methods were applied to 65 restored streams in North Carolina, and the results were correlated with measured macroinvertebrate community metrics to evaluate predictive ability. The USEPA Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP), USDA Stream Visual Assessment Protocol (SVAP), Peterson’s Riparian Channel and Environmental Inventory (RCE), NCSU Eco-Geomorphological Assessment (EGA), and NCSU Stream Performance Assessment (SPA) were applied by teams with expertise in hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and aquatic ecology. Predictions of most macroinvertebrate metrics were improved by re-weighting assessment variables using principal component analysis (PCA) and including watershed factors (e.g., size, slope, land use). The correlations of EGA, RCE, SPA and SVAP assessment results to macroinvertebrate metrics were most improved by variable re-weighting using PCA, while the correlations of RBP were most improved by adding watershed parameters. Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) indicates that PCA re-weighting including watershed parameters improves the predictor model for the total number of dominant EPT taxa more than using the sum total raw points for all five assessment methods. To demonstrate the application of the study results, a single-value index was generated for the RBP method using principal component regression (PCR) based on the EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) taxa metric.}, number={4}, journal={Water}, author={Doll, B. and Jennings, G. and Spooner, J. and Penrose, D. and Usset, J. and Blackwell, J. and Fernandez, M.}, year={2016} }
 @article{doll_jennings_spooner_penrose_usset_blackwell_fernandez_2016, title={Identifying watershed, landscape, and engineering design factors that influence the biotic condition of restored streams}, volume={8}, url={http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/4/151}, DOI={10.3390/w8040151}, abstractNote={Restored stream reaches at 79 sites across North Carolina were sampled for aquatic macroinvertebrates using a rapid bioassessment protocol. Morphological design parameters and geographic factors, including watershed and landscape parameters (e.g., valley slope, substrate), were also compiled for these streams. Principal component regression analyses revealed correlations between design and landscape variables with macroinvertebrate metrics. The correlations were strengthened by adding watershed variables. Ridge regression was used to find the best-fit model for predicting dominant taxa from the “pollution sensitive” orders of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies), or EPT taxa, resulting in coefficient weights that were most interpretable relative to site selection and design parameters. Results indicate that larger (wider) streams located in the mountains and foothills where there are steeper valleys, larger substrate, and undeveloped watersheds are expected to have higher numbers of dominant EPT taxa. In addition, EPT taxa numbers are positively correlated with accessible floodplain width and negatively correlated with width-to-depth ratio and sinuosity. This study indicates that both site selection and design should be carefully considered in order to maximize the resulting biotic condition and associated potential ecological uplift of the stream.}, number={4}, journal={Water}, author={Doll, B. and Jennings, G. and Spooner, J. and Penrose, D. and Usset, J. and Blackwell, J. and Fernandez, M.}, year={2016} }
 @article{doll_jennings_spooner_penrose_usset_2015, title={EVALUATING THE ECO-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CONDITION OF RESTORED STREAMS USING VISUAL ASSESSMENT AND MACROINVERTEBRATE METRICS}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1752-1688"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12233}, DOI={10.1111/jawr.12233}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Doll, Barbara A. and Jennings, Gregory D. and Spooner, Jean and Penrose, David L. and Usset, Joseph L.}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={68–83} }
 @article{doll_wise-frederick_buckner_wilkerson_harman_smith_spooner_2002, title={Hydraulic geometry relationships for urban streams throughout the piedmont of North Carolina}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1752-1688"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00986.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00986.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT:  Hydraulic geometry relationships, or regional curves, relate bankfull stream channel dimensions to watershed drainage area. Hydraulic geometry relationships for streams throughout North Carolina vary with hydrology, soils, and extent of development within a watershed. An urban curve that is the focus of this study shows the bankfull features of streams in urban and suburban watersheds throughout the North Carolina Piedmont. Seventeen streams were surveyed in watersheds that had greater than 10 percent impervious cover. The watersheds had been developed long enough for the streams to redevelop bankfull features, and they had no major impoundments. The drainage areas for the streams ranged from 0.4 to 110.3 square kilometers. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal surveys were conducted to determine the channel dimension, pattern, and profile of each stream and power functions were fitted to the data. Comparisons were made with regional curves developed previously for the rural Piedmont, and enlargement ratios were produced. These enlargement ratios indicated a substantial increase in the hydraulic geometry for the urban streams in comparison to the rural streams. A comparison of flood frequency indicates a slight decrease in the bankfull discharge return interval for the gaged urban streams as compared to the gaged rural streams. The study data were collected by North Carolina State University (NCSU), the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC), and Charlotte Storm Water Services. Urban regional curves are useful tools for applying natural channel design in developed watersheds. They do not, however, replace the need for field calibration and verification of bankfull stream channel dimensions.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION}, author={Doll, BA and Wise-Frederick, DE and Buckner, CM and Wilkerson, SD and Harman, WA and Smith, RE and Spooner, J}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={641–651} }
 @article{crawford_jensen_peichel_charlebois_doll_kay_ramey_o'leary_2001, title={Sea grant and invasive aquatic plants: A national outreach initiative}, volume={39}, number={2001 Jan}, journal={Journal of Aquatic Plant Management}, author={Crawford, H. M. and Jensen, D. A. and Peichel, B. and Charlebois, P. M. and Doll, B. A. and Kay, S. H. and Ramey, V. A. and O'Leary, M. B.}, year={2001}, pages={8–11} }
 @book{liehr_kozub_rash_sloop_doll_rubin_house_hawes_burks_2000, title={Constructed wetlands treatment of high nitrogen landfill leachate}, ISBN={1893664082}, publisher={Alexandria, VA : Water Environment Research Foundation}, author={Liehr, S. K. and Kozub, D. D. and Rash, J. K. and Sloop, G. M. and Doll, B. and Rubin, A. R. and House, C. H. and Hawes, S. and Burks, D.}, year={2000} }
 @article{white_line_potts_kirby-smith_doll_hunt_2000, title={Jump Run Creek Shellfish Restoration Project}, volume={19}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Shellfish Research}, author={White, N. M. and Line, D. E. and Potts, J. D. and Kirby-Smith, W. and Doll, B. and Hunt, W. F.}, year={2000}, pages={473–476} }