@article{shalizi_goldfarb_burney_shear_2019, title={Effects of Five Growing Media and Two Fertilizer Levels on Polybag-Raised Camden Whitegum (Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage) Seedling Morphology and Drought Hardiness}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070543}, DOI={10.3390/f10070543}, abstractNote={In developing countries, tree seedlings are often produced in polybags filled with mixtures of locally available materials. Seedling growth and quality can be affected by the type and amount of these substrates used in the mixture. Differences in seedling growth and quality can also be significantly affected when fertilization is employed during the nursery growing period. In this study, we assessed the effects of five different growing media and two fertilization regimes on nursery growth, seedling morphology and early post-planting response to drought of Eucalyptus benthamii (Maiden & Cambage) seedlings. First, we evaluated the effects of each media by fertilizer treatment combination on morphological attributes during a nursery growing period. Seedlings raised in fertilized media without rice hulls yielded higher growth, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson quality index (DQI) scores, and number of first order lateral roots (FOLRs). Root to shoot ratio (R:S ratio) was, however, greater in non-fertilized media that contained rice hulls. We then conducted a simulated outplanting and drought hardiness experiment, in which seedlings were planted in 13.2 L containers and irrigated for one month, followed by the imposition of drought stress. Seedlings in fertilized media composed of sand, topsoil and compost showed greater growth than those in rice hull-containing media, during the irrigation phase. With the discontinuation of irrigation and prevention of precipitation reaching the seedlings, seedlings grown in non-fertilized media containing rice hulls survived longer than those in other media. There were no large differences in survival among other media or between fertilized and other non-fertilized seedlings. Seedling total size and shoot height at the time of planting played a major role in survival. Smaller seedlings with smaller shoot sizes and greater R:S ratios survived longer. This study demonstrates that growing media and fertilization can be manipulated to affect seedling morphology in the nursery and, ultimately, seedling performance and survival under water stressed conditions.}, number={7}, journal={FORESTS}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Shalizi, Mohammad Nasir and Goldfarb, Barry and Burney, Owen Thomas and Shear, Theodore Henry}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
 @article{castillo_goldfarb_johnsen_roberds_nelson_2018, title={Genetic Variation in Water-Use Efficiency (WUE) and Growth in Mature Longleaf Pine}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, DOI={10.3390/f9110727}, abstractNote={The genetic and physiological quality of seedlings is a critical component for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) restoration, because planting genetic material that is adapted to environmental stress is required for long-term restoration success. Planting trees that exhibit high water-use efficiency (WUE) is a practice that could maximize this species’ survival and growth in a changing climate. Our study evaluates genetic variation in WUE and growth, as well as WUE-growth relationships, a key step to determine potential for breeding and planting trees with high WUE. We measured carbon isotope discrimination (∆)—a proxy for WUE—in 106 longleaf pine increment cores extracted from trees belonging to nine full-sib families. Tree diameter and total tree height were also measured at ages 7, 17, 30 and 40 years. Each increment core was divided into segments corresponding to ages 7–17, 18–30 and 31–40, representing early, intermediate and mature growth of the trees. We identified significant genetic variation in DBH and WUE among families that merit further exploration for identifying trees that can potentially withstand drought stress. Mean family growth rates were not associated with mean family values for carbon isotope discrimination. Family variation in both diameter growth and WUE but no relationship between family values for these traits, suggests it is possible to improve longleaf pines in both diameter growth and WUE through appropriate breeding.}, number={11}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Castillo, Ana C. and Goldfarb, Barry and Johnsen, Kurt H. and Roberds, James H. and Nelson, C. Dana}, year={2018}, month={Nov} }
 @article{eckert_wegrzyn_liechty_lee_cumbie_davis_goldfarb_loopstra_palle_quesada_et al._2013, title={The Evolutionary Genetics of the Genes Underlying Phenotypic Associations for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda, Pinaceae)}, volume={195}, ISSN={["1943-2631"]}, DOI={10.1534/genetics.113.157198}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={GENETICS}, author={Eckert, Andrew J. and Wegrzyn, Jill L. and Liechty, John D. and Lee, Jennifer M. and Cumbie, W. Patrick and Davis, John M. and Goldfarb, Barry and Loopstra, Carol A. and Palle, Sreenath R. and Quesada, Tania and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={1353-+} }
 @article{eckert_wegrzyn_cumbie_goldfarb_huber_tolstikov_fiehn_neale_2012, title={Association genetics of the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, Pinaceae) metabolome}, volume={193}, ISSN={["1469-8137"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03976.x}, abstractNote={The metabolome of a plant comprises all small molecule metabolites, which are produced during cellular processes. The genetic basis for metabolites in nonmodel plants is unknown, despite frequently observed correlations between metabolite concentrations and stress responses. A quantitative genetic analysis of metabolites in a nonmodel plant species is thus warranted. Here, we use standard association genetic methods to correlate 3563 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to concentrations of 292 metabolites measured in a single loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) association population. A total of 28 single locus associations were detected, representing 24 and 20 unique SNPs and metabolites, respectively. Multilocus Bayesian mixed linear models identified 2998 additional associations for a total of 1617 unique SNPs associated to 255 metabolites. These SNPs explained sizeable fractions of metabolite heritabilities when considered jointly (56.6% on average) and had lower minor allele frequencies and magnitudes of population structure as compared with random SNPs. Modest sets of SNPs (n = 1-23) explained sizeable portions of genetic effects for many metabolites, thus highlighting the importance of multi-SNP models to association mapping, and exhibited patterns of polymorphism consistent with being linked to targets of natural selection. The implications for association mapping in forest trees are discussed.}, number={4}, journal={NEW PHYTOLOGIST}, author={Eckert, Andrew J. and Wegrzyn, Jill L. and Cumbie, W. Patrick and Goldfarb, Barry and Huber, Dudley A. and Tolstikov, Vladimir and Fiehn, Oliver and Neale, David B.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={890–902} }
 @article{goldfarb_2012, title={The Camcore program at North Carolina State University}, volume={74}, ISSN={["2070-2639"]}, DOI={10.2989/20702620.2012.686191}, number={1}, journal={SOUTHERN FORESTS-A JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE}, author={Goldfarb, Barry}, year={2012}, pages={III-III} }
 @article{cumbie_eckert_wegrzyn_whetten_neale_goldfarb_2011, title={Association genetics of carbon isotope discrimination, height and foliar nitrogen in a natural population of Pinus taeda L}, volume={107}, ISSN={0018-067X 1365-2540}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2010.168}, DOI={10.1038/hdy.2010.168}, abstractNote={Loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., is one of the most widely planted, commercially and ecologically important tree species in North America. We took an association genetics approach, using an unimproved population of 380 clonally replicated unrelated trees, to test 3,938 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in as many genes for association with phenotypic variation in carbon isotope discrimination, foliar nitrogen concentration and total tree height after two growing seasons. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was used with a spatial adjustment to remove environmental variation from phenotypic data derived from a common garden experiment. After correction for multiple testing, a total of 14 SNPs were associated with the traits of carbon isotope discrimination (n = 7), height (n = 1) and foliar nitrogen concentration (n = 6) using 380 clones. Tails of the population phenotypic distribution were compared for allele frequency differences, revealing 10 SNPs with allele frequency in at least one tail significantly different from the overall population. Eight associated SNPs were in sequences similar to known genes, such as an AP2 transcription factor related to carbon isotope discrimination and glutamate decarboxylase associated with foliar nitrogen concentration, and others were from unknown genes without homologs in Arabidopsis.}, number={2}, journal={Heredity}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Cumbie, W P and Eckert, A and Wegrzyn, J and Whetten, R and Neale, D and Goldfarb, B}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={105–114} }
 @article{cumbie_isik_li_goldfarb_2011, title={Effects of propagule type on genetic parameters of wood density and growth in a loblolly pine progeny test at ages 10 and 11 years}, volume={7}, ISSN={1614-2942 1614-2950}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-011-0402-6}, DOI={10.1007/s11295-011-0402-6}, number={6}, journal={Tree Genetics & Genomes}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Cumbie, W. Patrick and Isik, Fikret and Li, Bailian and Goldfarb, Barry}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={1147–1158} }
 @article{palle_seeve_eckert_cumbie_goldfarb_loopstra_2011, title={Natural variation in expression of genes involved in xylem development in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1614-2950"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11295-010-0325-7}, abstractNote={Gene expression analyses using native populations can contribute to the understanding of plant development and adaptation in multiple ways. These include the identification of candidate genes and genetic polymorphisms affecting expression and phenotypic traits and characterization of transcriptional networks. We analyzed the expression of 111 genes with probable roles in xylem/wood development in a population of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) covering much of the natural range. Loblolly pine is one of the most commercially important forest tree species in the United States, and the discovery of genes and alleles contributing to desirable wood properties would be valuable. Of the 111 genes analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, there were significant differences in gene expression between clones for 106 genes. Genes encoding lignin biosynthetic enzymes and arabinogalactan proteins were more variable than those encoding cellulose synthases or those involved in signal transduction. Several groups of genes with related functions form clusters. A network analysis identified transcription factors that may be key regulators of xylem development in pine. Secondary wall-associated NAC domain protein 1 (SND1) in particular appears to be involved in the regulation of many other genes. The cluster analysis using clones did not result in discrete populations but did identify some expression differences between regions. In the future, the gene expression data will be used for association analyses and promoter studies to understand how these gene expression differences are associated with specific genetic polymorphisms in other genes and promoters.}, number={1}, journal={TREE GENETICS & GENOMES}, author={Palle, Sreenath Reddy and Seeve, Candace M. and Eckert, Andrew J. and Cumbie, W. Patrick and Goldfarb, Barry and Loopstra, Carol A.}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={193–206} }
 @article{newton_frampton_monahan_goldfarb_hain_2011, title={Two novel techniques to screen Abies seedlings for resistance to the balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae}, volume={11}, journal={Journal of Insect Science (Tucson, AZ)}, author={Newton, L. and Frampton, J. and Monahan, J. and Goldfarb, B. and Hain, F.}, year={2011} }
 @article{quesada_gopal_cumbie_eckert_wegrzyn_neale_goldfarb_huber_casella_davis_2010, title={Association Mapping of Quantitative Disease Resistance in a Natural Population of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.)}, volume={186}, ISSN={["1943-2631"]}, DOI={10.1534/genetics.110.117549}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={GENETICS}, author={Quesada, Tania and Gopal, Vikneswaran and Cumbie, W. Patrick and Eckert, Andrew J. and Wegrzyn, Jill L. and Neale, David B. and Goldfarb, Barry and Huber, Dudley A. and Casella, George and Davis, John M.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={677–U336} }
 @article{isik_gumpertz_li_goldfarb_sun_2008, title={Analysis of cellulose microfibril angle using a linear mixed model in Pinus taeda clones}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1208-6037"]}, DOI={10.1139/X08-010}, abstractNote={ Variation in microfibril angle (MFA) (degrees) among loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) full-sib families and clones was investigated using 43 clones from nine full-sib crosses tested at two locations. When the experiments were 12 years old, a total of 316 trees were drilled and 12 mm thick wood increment cores were collected. MFA for each growth ring in the wood core was measured using the SilviScan-2 tool. A quadratic mixed model was fitted to evaluate the MFA variation over different rings. Among the error covariance structures tested in the model, autoregressive order 1 was the best model for producing MFA estimates with the smallest errors. Estimated MFA was about 33° in the pith (ring 1) of the trees and decreased to 18° in the outer wood (ring 11). Full-sib crosses and clones within crosses explained about 12.5% of the total phenotypic variation. Repeatability of full-sib family means (H2f = 0.46) was moderate but repeatability of clone means was high (H2c = 0.79). Although it is possible to improve (decrease) MFA with recurrent selection in tree improvement programs to improve lumber quality, cost efficient and rapid methods for measuring MFA are needed. }, number={6}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Isik, Fikret and Gumpertz, Marcia and Li, Bailian and Goldfarb, Barry and Sun, Xuan}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={1676–1689} }
 @article{isik_li_goldfarb_mckeand_2008, title={Prediction of wood density breeding values of Pinus taeda elite parents from unbalanced data: A method for adjustment of site and age effects using common checklots}, volume={65}, ISSN={["1286-4560"]}, DOI={10.1051/forest:2008018}, abstractNote={Abstract• Wood density of elite parents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was investigated in 6 to 18 year-old progeny trials. The sampling was carried out separately in seven testing regions in the southeastern US. A checklot was the only connection between elite parents planted at different trials in a testing region.• We used a data normalization method suggested for unbalanced designs in cDNA microarray experiments to remove confounding site and age effects using the checklot as a reference sample. Wood density breeding values of parents were predicted by fitting a linear mixed model to the normalized data.• Using the reference samples to remove site and age effects appears to be an effective method for analysis of unbalanced progeny tests data. In general, wood density (kg/m3) decreased from coastal to inland plantings and from the southern to the northern planting. Considerable genetic variation for wood density was detected among these fast-growing elite parents in six of seven testing regions, with half-sib family mean heritabilities ranging from 0.71 to 0.97 within a testing region. With the exception of two regions, checklots were stable across trials in a region, based on regressing the checklot means on trial means.Résumé• La densité du bois de parents d’élite de Pinus taeda L. a été étudiée dans des essais de descendance âgés de 6 à 18 ans. L’échantillonnage a été mené à bonne fin séparément dans sept régions tests du Sud des États-Unis. Le lot a été le seul lien entre parents d’élite plantés dans différents essais dans la région de test.• Nous avons utilisé une méthode de normalisation des données proposée pour des effectifs non équilibrés de puces à CDNA pour éliminer les effets confondus du site et de l’âge, en utilisant le lot comme échantillon de référence. Les valeurs de la densité du bois des parents ont été prédites par ajustement d’un modèle linéaire mixte aux données normalisées.• Utiliser les échantillons références pour enlever les effets de site et de l’âge apparaît être une méthode efficace pour analyser les données non équilibrées d’un test de descendances. En général, la densité du bois (kg/m3) décroît depuis les plantations côtières jusqu’aux plantations des régions intérieures et depuis les plantations du sud jusqu’aux plantations plus au nord. Une variabilité génétique considérable de la densité du bois a été détectée entre ces parents à croissance rapide dans six des sept régions de test, avec des héritabilités moyennes variant de 0,71 à 0,97 dans une région de test. Sur la base d’une régression entre moyennes des lots de référence et moyennes des essais, il a été déterminé qu’à l’exception de deux régions, les lots ont été stables à travers les essais dans une région déterminée.}, number={4}, journal={ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Isik, Fikret and Li, Bailian and Goldfarb, Barry and McKeand, Steve}, year={2008}, month={Jun} }
 @article{baltunis_huber_white_goldfarb_stelzer_2007, title={Genetic analysis of early field growth of loblolly pine clones and seedlings from the same full-sib families}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0045-5067"]}, DOI={10.1139/X06-203}, abstractNote={ Field trials established with clones and seedlings from the same families provide an opportunity for comparing full-sib family performance across propagule types. More than 1200 different clones together with over 14 000 zygotic seedlings from the same 61 full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were tested on multiple sites across Florida and Georgia. The genetic variance associated with several early growth traits partitioned differently depending on propagule type. Most of the genetic variance associated with growth in the clonal population was additive, while the estimate of dominance in the seedling population was greater than estimates of dominance in the clonal population, based on single-site analyses. Apparently, a lack of randomization of the seedlings prior to field establishment caused full-sib families to appear more different, inflating estimates of dominance genetic variance. Parental and full-sib family ranks were stable regardless of propagule type as indicated by type B genetic correlations. In the clonal population, little genotype × environment interaction was observed across sites at the parental, family, and clonal levels for all traits. The high genetic correlations between propagule types provide further assurance that selections made through traditional tree-improvement activities for recurrent selection for general combining ability in seedling trials can also be used successfully for breeding families to test in a clonal forestry program. }, number={1}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE}, author={Baltunis, Brian S. and Huber, Dudley A. and White, Timothy L. and Goldfarb, Barry and Stelzer, Henry E.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={195–205} }
 @article{baltunis_huber_white_goldfarb_stelzer_2007, title={Genetic gain from selection for rooting ability and early growth in vegetatively propagated clones of loblolly pine}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1614-2950"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11295-006-0058-9}, number={3}, journal={TREE GENETICS & GENOMES}, author={Baltunis, Brian S. and Huber, Dudley A. and White, Timothy L. and Goldfarb, Barry and Stelzer, Henry E.}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={227–238} }
 @article{lebude_goldfarb_blazich_wright_cazell_wise_frampton_2006, title={Container type and volume influences adventitious rooting and subsequent field growth of stem cuttings of loblolly pine}, volume={30}, number={3}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={LeBude, A. V. and Goldfarb, B. and Blazich, F. A. and Wright, J. A. and Cazell, B. and Wise, F. C. and Frampton, J.}, year={2006}, pages={123–131} }
 @inproceedings{gocke_schuler_robison_goldfarb_2006, title={Development of northern red oak rooted cutting and enrichment planting systems}, volume={9}, number={5}, booktitle={Proc. Ninth Workshop on Seedling Physiology and Growth Problems in Oak Plantings}, publisher={Lafayette, IN: USFS Forest Service}, author={Gocke, M. and Schuler, J. and Robison, D. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2006} }
 @article{filichkin_wu_busov_meilan_lanz-garcia_groover_goldfarb_ma_dharmawardhana_brunner_et al._2006, title={Enhancer trapping in woody plants: Isolation of the ET304 gene encoding a putative AT-hook motif transcription factor and characterization of the expression patterns conferred by its promoter in transgenic Populus and Arabidopsis}, volume={171}, ISSN={["0168-9452"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.03.011}, abstractNote={Enhancer trapping is a useful tool in isolation of novel genes and functional characterization of promoters directing tissue-specific expression in trees. Using an enhancer trap approach we isolated a novel gene ET304 from Populus (Populus: aspens and cottonwoods). Both ET304 enhancer trap line and putative ET304 promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene conferred strongly root-predominant expression patterns and directed expression to specific root tissue and cell types. GUS activity was detected in lateral root primordia, root apical meristem, elongation zone and cortex. ET304 promoter sequence contained a canonic auxin response element (AuxRE) located upstream of the enhancer trap insertion site. In a synchronized lateral root induction system ET304 promoter conferred an auxin-responsive expression in newly emerging lateral roots of both poplar and Arabidopsis. A detailed histochemical examination of poplar transgenics showed that ET304 promoter was highly active in actively growing lateral roots, their primordia and to a lesser extent—in secondary meristems of aerial organs rich in free endogenous auxin. These results were consistent with the expression profiling of ET304 mRNA in various tissues of mature poplar trees. The analysis of Populus genomic sequence suggested that ET304 represents a large family of putative transcription factors containing a conserved AT-hook motif and DNA binding domain.}, number={2}, journal={PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Filichkin, Sergei A. and Wu, Qian and Busov, Victor and Meilan, Richard and Lanz-Garcia, Carmen and Groover, Andrew and Goldfarb, Barry and Ma, Caiping and Dharmawardhana, Palitha and Brunner, Amy and et al.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={206–216} }
 @article{rosier_frampton_goldfarb_blazich_wise_2006, title={Improving the rooting capacity of stem cuttings of Virginia pine by severe stumping of parent trees}, volume={30}, number={4}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Rosier, C. L. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, B. and Blazich, F. A. and Wise, F. C.}, year={2006}, pages={172–181} }
 @article{yeh_braun_goldfarb_chang_kadla_2006, title={Morphological and chemical variations between juvenile wood, mature wood, and compression wood of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1437-434X"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2006.001}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Yeh, TF and Braun, JL and Goldfarb, B and Chang, HM and Kadla, JF}, year={2006}, month={Jan}, pages={1–8} }
 @article{yeh_morris_goldfarb_chang_kadla_2006, title={Utilization of polar metabolite profiling in the comparison of juvenile wood and compression wood in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0829-318X"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/26.11.1497}, abstractNote={Juvenile wood (JW) of conifers is often associated with compression wood (CW), with which it is sometimes believed to be identical. To determine whether JW and CW can be distinguished metabolically, we compared gas chromatographic profiles of 25 polar metabolites from rooted cuttings of a single loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clone raised in controlled environment chambers and subject to three treatments: (1) grown erect with minimal wind sway (control); (2) swayed by wind from oscillating fans; and (3) with 30-cm growth increments successively bent at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical. Profiles were compared by principal component analysis. Substantial increases in abundances of coniferin and p-glucocoumaryl alcohol separated immature JW-forming xylem tissues of the control trees from the CW-forming xylem of the bent and swayed trees.}, number={11}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Yeh, Ting-Feng and Morris, Cameron R. and Goldfarb, Barry and Chang, Hou-Min and Kadla, John F.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={1497–1503} }
 @article{moyer-henry_silva_macfall_johannes_allen_goldfarb_rufty_2005, title={Accumulation and localization of aluminium in root tips of loblolly pine seedlings and the associated ectomycorrhiza Pisolithus tinctorius}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1365-3040"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01240.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={2}, journal={PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT}, author={Moyer-Henry, K and Silva, I and Macfall, J and Johannes, E and Allen, N and Goldfarb, B and Rufty, T}, year={2005}, month={Feb}, pages={111–120} }
 @article{yeh_goldfarb_chang_peszlen_braun_kadla_2005, title={Comparison of morphological and chemical properties between juvenile wood and compression wood of loblolly pine}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1437-434X"]}, DOI={10.1515/hf.2005.107}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Yeh, TF and Goldfarb, B and Chang, HM and Peszlen, I and Braun, JL and Kadla, JF}, year={2005}, pages={669–674} }
 @article{baltunis_huber_white_goldfarb_stelzer_2005, title={Genetic effects of rooting loblolly pine stem cuttings from a partial diallel mating design}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0045-5067"]}, DOI={10.1139/X05-038}, abstractNote={More than 239 000 stem cuttings from nearly 2200 clones of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were set in five rooting trials to estimate genetic parameters associated with rooting. Overall rooting success across the five trials was 43%, and significant seasonal effects were observed. Differences among clones within full-sib families accounted for approximately 10%–17% of the total variation. On the binary scale, individual-tree narrow-sense heritability (ĥ20.1) ranged from 0.075 to 0.089 for rooting across the five separate settings, while broad-sense heritability (Ĥ20.1) ranged from 0.15 to 0.22. Narrow- and broad-sense heritability estimates on the observed binary scale were transformed to their underlying normal scale (ĥ2N, Ĥ2N). When all of the data from the five trials were analyzed together, ĥ2N(±SE) was 0.081 (0.027), Ĥ2Nwas 0.16 (0.013), the type B additive correlation was 0.68 (0.23), and the type B dominance correlation was 0.61 (0.27). Narrow-sense family mean heritability was 0.83 (0.24), while broad-sense clonal mean heritability was 0.82 (0.074). These moderate to high family and clonal mean heritabilities, moderate type B correlations, and substantial among-family and among-clone genetic variation indicate the potential for increasing rooting efficiency by selecting good rooting families and clones or culling poor rooters.}, number={5}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE}, author={Baltunis, BS and Huber, DA and White, TL and Goldfarb, B and Stelzer, HE}, year={2005}, month={May}, pages={1098–1108} }
 @inproceedings{isik_li_goldfarb_2005, title={Genetic variation in MFA, MOE and wood density among clones of Pinus taeda L.}, volume={28}, booktitle={28th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2005} }
 @article{lebude_goldfarb_blazich_frampton_wise_2005, title={Mist level influences vapor pressure deficit and gas exchange during rooting of juvenile stem cuttings of loblolly pine}, volume={40}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={LeBude, A. V. and Goldfarb, B. and Blazich, F. A. and Frampton, J. and Wise, F. C.}, year={2005}, pages={1448–1456} }
 @article{balakshin_capanema_goldfarb_frampton_kadla_2005, title={NMR studies on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Lignins (vol 59, 488, 2005)}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1437-434X"]}, DOI={10.1515/hf.2005.112}, abstractNote={Abstracting & Indexing}, number={6}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Balakshin, MY and Capanema, EA and Goldfarb, B and Frampton, J and Kadla, JF}, year={2005}, pages={706–706} }
 @article{isik_goldfarb_lebude_li_mckeand_2005, title={Predicted genetic gains and testing efficiency from two loblolly pine clonal trials}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1208-6037"]}, DOI={10.1139/X05-064}, abstractNote={Clonal field trials were established at two sites using rooted cuttings from 450 clones of eight full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Height, survival, fusiform rust infection (caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme), bole straightness, and diameter were measured after four growing seasons. There were significant differences among full-sib families and among clones within families for all traits studied. Moderately high within-family repeatabilities of clone means (0.50 to 0.75) for growth traits and a very high within-family repeatability of clone means (0.94) for fusiform rust infection were estimated. When the best eight clones were selected regardless of family structure, the volume yield was 52% greater than that of the unimproved seedlings at two sites. Selection of the best two clones from each of four families produced only slightly lower estimated genetic gains than the above scenario. The probability of fusiform rust infection ranged from 0.08 to 0.93 among clones at the South Carolina site. Predicted genetic gain for rust resistance was relatively insensitive to selection intensity, as there were numerous clones with high apparent resistance. The number of ramets per clone necessary to reliably characterize performance on one site was estimated to be between four and six. These results contribute to estimates of the gains available from clonal forestry and will help guide clonal testing and selection programs. Implementation of clonal forestry and cost issues are discussed.}, number={7}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH}, author={Isik, F and Goldfarb, B and LeBude, A and Li, BL and McKeand, S}, year={2005}, month={Jul}, pages={1754–1766} }
 @article{sykes_li_hodge_goldfarb_kadla_chang_2005, title={Prediction of loblolly pine wood properties using transmittance near-infrared spectroscopy}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1208-6037"]}, DOI={10.1139/X05-161}, abstractNote={ Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid nondestructive technique that has been used to characterize chemical and physical properties of a wide range of materials. In this study, transmittance NIR spectra from thin wood wafers cut from increment cores were used to develop calibration models for the estimation of α-cellulose content, average fiber length, fiber coarseness, and lignin content in the laboratory. Eleven-year-old trees from two sites were sampled using 12-mm increment cores. Earlywood and latewood of ring 3 and ring 8 from these samples were analyzed in the laboratory using microanalytical methods for α-cellulose content, average fiber length, fiber coarseness, and lignin content. NIR calibrations and laboratory measurements based on one site were generally reliable, with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.54 to 0.88 for average fiber length and α-cellulose content, respectively. Predicting ring 8 properties using ring 3 calibration equations showed potential for predicting α-cellulose content and fiber coarseness, with R2 values of approximately 0.60, indicating the potential for early selection. Predicting the wood properties using the calibration equations from one site to predict another showed moderate success for α-cellulose content (R2 = 0.64) and fiber coarseness (R2 = 0.63), but predictions for fiber length were relatively poor (R2 = 0.43). Prediction of lignin content using transmittance NIR spectroscopy was not as reliable in this study, partially because of low variation in lignin content in these wood samples and large errors in measuring lignin content in the laboratory. }, number={10}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH}, author={Sykes, R and Li, BL and Hodge, G and Goldfarb, B and Kadla, J and Chang, HM}, year={2005}, month={Oct}, pages={2423–2431} }
 @article{rosier_frampton_goldfarb_wise_blazich_2005, title={Stumping height, crown position, and age of parent tree influence rooting of stem cuttings of fraser fir}, volume={40}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Rosier, C. L. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, B. and Wise, F. C. and Blazich, F. A.}, year={2005}, pages={771–777} }
 @inproceedings{morris_goldfarb_isik_li_chang_sederoff_kadla_2005, title={Variation of a-cellulose content and related metabolites during wood formation in loblolly pine}, volume={13}, booktitle={13th ISWFPC Proceedings}, author={Morris, C. R. and Goldfarb, B. and Isik, F. and Li, C. S. and Chang, H.-M. and Sederoff, R. and Kadla, J. F.}, year={2005} }
 @inproceedings{goldfarb_lebude_isik_mckeand_li_2004, title={Advance and Challenges in Clonal Forestry with Rooted Cuttings of Loblolly Pine}, booktitle={Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future,  IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings}, author={Goldfarb, B. and LeBude, A. and Isik, F. and McKeand, S. and Li, B.}, editor={Li, B. and McKeand, S.Editors}, year={2004}, pages={41} }
 @article{busov_johannes_whetten_sederoff_spiker_lanz-garcia_goldfarb_2004, title={An auxin-inducible gene from loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) is differentially expressed in mature and juvenile-phase shoots and encodes a putative transmembrane protein}, volume={218}, ISSN={0032-0935 1432-2048}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1175-4}, DOI={10.1007/s00425-003-1175-4}, abstractNote={We have isolated a gene from loblolly pine, 5NG4, that is highly and specifically induced by auxin in juvenile loblolly pine shoots prior to adventitious root formation, but substantially down-regulated in physiologically mature shoots that are adventitious rooting incompetent. 5NG4 was highly auxin-induced in roots, stems and hypocotyls, organs that can form either lateral or adventitious roots following an auxin treatment, but was not induced to the same level in needles and cotyledons, organs that do not form roots. The deduced amino acid sequence shows homology to the MtN21 nodulin gene from Medicago truncatula. The expression pattern of 5NG4 and its homology to a protein from Medicago involved in a root-related process suggest a possible role for this gene in adventitious root formation. Homology searches also identified similar proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. High conservation across these evolutionarily distant species suggests essential functions in plant growth and development. A 38-member family of genes homologous to 5NG4 was identified in the A. thaliana genome. The physiological significance of this redundancy is most likely associated with functional divergence and/or expression specificity of the different family members. The exact biochemical function of the gene is still unknown, but sequence and structure predictions and 5NG4::GFP fusion protein localizations indicate it is a transmembrane protein with a possible transport function.}, number={6}, journal={Planta}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Busov, Victor B. and Johannes, Eva and Whetten, Ross W. and Sederoff, Ronald R. and Spiker, Steven L. and Lanz-Garcia, Carmen and Goldfarb, Barry}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={916–927} }
 @inproceedings{li_jansson_isik_godlfarb_2004, title={Breeding and selection strategies for full-sib families and clones in Loblolly pine}, booktitle={IEG-40 Meeting}, author={Li, B. and Jansson, G. and Isik, F. and Godlfarb, B.}, year={2004} }
 @inproceedings{isik_li_goldfarb_frampton_mckeand_2004, title={Cloned genotypes are more efficient than seedlings for indirect selection}, booktitle={Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future,  IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B. and Frampton, J. and McKeand, S.}, editor={Li, B. and McKeand, S.Editors}, year={2004}, pages={465} }
 @article{isik_li_goldfarb_2004, title={Cloned progeny testing for within-family selection in forest tree improvement programs}, volume={2}, journal={IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2004} }
 @inproceedings{goldfarb_mckeand_lebude_cumbie_isik_li_2004, title={Deployment issues: what kinds of research, development
and demonstration activities are needed to address critical topics, such as public concerns, performance monitoring, and technologies for merchandising harvested clones?}, booktitle={Conference Proceedings}, author={Goldfarb, B. and McKeand, S. E. and LeBude, A. V. and Cumbie, W. P. and Isik, F. and Li, B.}, year={2004} }
 @article{goldfarb_mckeand_lebude_cumbie_isik_li_2004, title={Deployment issues: what kinds of research, development and demonstration activities are needed to address critical topics, such as public concerns, performance monitoring, and technologies for merchandising harvested clones?}, journal={Agenda 2020 Technology Summit II: Meeting the Challenge of Deployment}, author={Goldfarb, B. and McKeand, S. E. and LeBude, A. V. and Cumbie, W. P. and Isik, F. and Li, B.}, year={2004} }
 @article{isik_li_goldfarb_frampton_mckeand_2004, title={Efficiency of clones versus seedlings for correlated response of wood density}, journal={IEG-40 Meeting}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B. and Frampton, J. and McKeand, S.}, year={2004} }
 @article{isik_li_frampton_goldfarb_2004, title={Efficiency of seedlings and rooted cuttings for testing and selection in Pinus taeda}, volume={50}, number={1}, journal={Forest Science}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. L. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2004}, pages={44–53} }
 @article{rosier_frampton_goldfarb_wise_blazich_2004, title={Growth stage, auxin type, and concentration influence rooting Virginia pine stem cuttings}, volume={39}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, author={Rosier, C. L. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, B. and Wise, F. C. and Blazich, F. A.}, year={2004}, pages={1392–1396} }
 @article{lebude_goldfarb_blazich_wise_frampton_2004, title={Mist, substrate water potential and cutting water potential influence rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1758-4469"]}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/24.7.823}, abstractNote={We investigated the influence of cutting water potential (Psicut) on rooting of juvenile hardwood (dormant) and softwood (succulent) stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) propagated under varying substrate water potentials (Psisub) and volumes of mist application. Mist treatment and Psisub contributed to the Psicut of unrooted stem cuttings. When Psisub was held constant across mist treatments, mist treatment contributed strongly to Psicut. Substrate water potential affected rooting percentage when mist treatment was sub-optimal or excessive, otherwise mist treatment had a stronger effect than Psisub on rooting percentage. Cuttings rooted best when subjected to moderate cutting water potentials (-0.5 to -1.2 MPa) during the initial 4 or 5 weeks of the rooting period. Cuttings experiencing either severe water deficit or no water deficit rooted poorly. We conclude that the rooting environment should impose a moderate water stress on loblolly pine stem cuttings to achieve optimum rooting.}, number={7}, journal={TREE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Lebude, AV and Goldfarb, B and Blazich, FA and Wise, FC and Frampton, J}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={823–831} }
 @article{goldfarb_lebude_gocke_li_isik_mckeand_2004, title={Producing rooted cutting reforestation stock of Loblolly pine: progress and challenges}, journal={IEG-40 Meeting}, author={Goldfarb, B. and LeBude, A. and Gocke, M. and Li, B. and Isik, F. and McKeand, S.}, year={2004} }
 @inbook{schmidtling_robison_mckeand_rousseau_allen_goldfarb_2004, title={The role of genetics and tree improvement in southern forest productivity}, ISBN={60843994}, booktitle={Southern forest science: Past, present, future}, publisher={Asheville, NC: Southern Research Station}, author={Schmidtling, R. C. and Robison, T. L. and McKeand, S. E. and Rousseau, R. J. and Allen, H. L and Goldfarb, B.}, editor={Rauscher, H. M. and Johnsen, K.Editors}, year={2004}, pages={97–108} }
 @article{goldfarb_lanz-garcia_lian_whetten_2003, title={Aux/IAA gene family is conserved in the gymnosperm, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)}, volume={23}, ISSN={0829-318X 1758-4469}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/23.17.1181}, DOI={10.1093/treephys/23.17.1181}, abstractNote={We isolated five members of the Aux/IAA gene family in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Degenerate primers complementary to conserved regions of angiosperm Aux/IAA genes were used to amplify fragments that were, in turn, used as probes to screen a cDNA library constructed from auxin-treated hypocotyls. The five unique clones, named PTIAA1-5, contain the four highly conserved domains that are characteristic of the Aux/IAA proteins. All clones contain the bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) between Domains I and II that is predicted in most angiosperm Aux/IAA genes, but only one, PTIAA2, contains the conserved NLS in Domain IV. The five invariant residues in Domain II that have been found to constitute part of a protein destabilization element in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. are conserved in all the PTIAAs. A postulated phosphorylation site located between Domains I and II and proximal to the conserved bipartite NLS was conserved in 20 out of 36 genes in this analysis, including the pine genes. Transcripts of all five PTIAAs accumulated specifically in the hypocotyls in response to exogenous auxin treatment and were induced by all auxins tested. Transcript abundance above basal levels in response to 1-naphthaleneacetic acid treatment was first detected after 10 min (PTIAA3) to 3 h (PTIAA2) in the different genes and remained above basal levels throughout 7 days. Induction of PTIAA2 was inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, indicating that PTIAA2 is a secondary response gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all five pine genes clustered within a single class (Class I) of the dendrogram. Clone PTIAA2 has a sequence that is relatively distinct from the other four and is the most closely related to the angiosperm genes of Class I. Class I contains both primary and secondary auxin response genes, suggesting that it is the original lineage and that other gene classes have evolved subsequent to the angiosperm/gymnosperm divergence.}, number={17}, journal={Tree Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Goldfarb, B. and Lanz-Garcia, C. and Lian, Z. and Whetten, R.}, year={2003}, month={Dec}, pages={1181–1192} }
 @inbook{brunner_goldfarb_busov_strauss_2003, title={Controlling maturation and flowering for forest tree domestication}, ISBN={1898486441}, booktitle={Transgenic Plants: Current Innovations and Future Trends}, publisher={Wymondham, England: Horizon Scientific Press}, author={Brunner, A. M. and Goldfarb, B. and Busov, V. B. and Strauss, S. H.}, year={2003}, pages={9–44} }
 @article{goldfarb_isik_lebude_mckeand_li_2003, title={Four-year results from a clonal test of loblolly pine}, volume={27}, journal={Proc. 27th Biennial Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Goldfarb, B. and Isik, F. and LeBude, A. and McKeand, S. and Li, B.}, year={2003}, pages={42} }
 @article{lebude_blazich_goldfarb_frampton_wise_2003, title={Mist, soil water potential, and cutting water potential influence rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine}, ISBN={["90-6605-439-5"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.15}, number={618}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND HORTICULTURE CROPS}, author={LeBude, AV and Blazich, FA and Goldfarb, B and Frampton, LJ and Wise, FC}, year={2003}, pages={147–151} }
 @article{frampton_isik_goldfarb_2002, title={Effects of nursery characteristics on field survival and growth of loblolly pine rooted cuttings}, volume={26}, number={4}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Frampton, J. and Isik, F. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2002}, pages={207–213} }
 @article{rowe_blazich_goldfarb_wise_2002, title={Nitrogen nutrition of hedged stock plants of Loblolly Pine. II. Influence of carbohydrate and nitrogen status on adventitious rooting of stem cuttings}, volume={24}, ISSN={["0169-4286"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1020555013964}, number={1}, journal={NEW FORESTS}, author={Rowe, DB and Blazich, FA and Goldfarb, B and Wise, FC}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={53–65} }
 @article{isik_li_frampton_goldfarb_2002, title={Seedling vs clonal testing options for loblolly pine}, journal={Proc. of Silviculture and Genetic Impact on productivity of southern pine forests. IEG-40 Meeting}, author={Isik, F. and Li, B. and Frampton, J. and Goldfarb, G.}, year={2002} }
 @article{murthy_goldfarb_2001, title={Effect of handling and water stress on water status and rooting of loblolly pine stem cuttings}, volume={21}, ISSN={["0169-4286"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1012222207530}, number={3}, journal={NEW FORESTS}, author={Murthy, R and Goldfarb, B}, year={2001}, pages={217–230} }
 @inproceedings{gocke_goldfarb_robison_frampton_2001, title={Effects of three propagation systems on survival and growth of loblolly pine and sweetgum rooted cuttings}, volume={26}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th Biennial Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference (June 26-29, 2001)}, publisher={Athens, GA : Georgia Center for Continuing Education, the University of Georgia}, author={Gocke, M. and Goldfarb, B. and Robison, D. and Frampton, J.}, year={2001}, pages={29–32} }
 @inproceedings{cumbie_li_goldfarb_mullin_mckeand_2001, title={Genetic parameters and uniformity of wood properties of full-sib families and clones of loblolly pine}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Cumbie, W. P. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B. and Mullin, T. and McKeand, S.}, year={2001}, pages={104–106} }
 @article{wightman_shear_goldfarb_haggar_2001, title={Nursery and field establishment techniques to improve seedling growth of three Costa Rican hardwoods}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1573-5095"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1012020023446}, number={1-2}, journal={NEW FORESTS}, author={Wightman, KE and Shear, T and Goldfarb, B and Haggar, J}, year={2001}, pages={75–96} }
 @inproceedings{mckeand_allen_goldfarb_2001, title={Tree improvement and intensive silviculture - productivity increases from modern plantation methods}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 14th CAETS Convocation. World Forests and Technology}, author={McKeand, S. E. and Allen, H. L. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2001}, pages={99–112} }
 @article{frampton_li_goldfarb_2000, title={Early field growth of loblolly pine rooted cuttings and seedlings}, volume={24}, number={2}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Frampton, J. and Li, B. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2000}, pages={98–105} }
 @article{dubois_blazich_warren_goldfarb_2000, title={Propagation of Anemone x hybrida by rooted cuttings}, volume={18}, journal={Journal of Environmental Horticulture}, author={Dubois, J-J B. and Blazich, F. A. and Warren, S. L. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={2000}, pages={79–83} }
 @article{rieckermann_goldfarb_cunningham_kellison_1999, title={Influence of nitrogen, photoperiod, cutting type, and clone on root and shoot development of rooted stem cuttings of sweetgum}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0169-4286"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1006621330099}, number={3}, journal={NEW FORESTS}, author={Rieckermann, H and Goldfarb, B and Cunningham, MW and Kellison, RC}, year={1999}, month={Nov}, pages={231–244} }
 @article{nursery rooting and growth of loblolly pine cuttings: effects of rooting solution and full-sib family_1999, volume={23}, number={2}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, year={1999}, pages={108–116} }
 @article{robison_goldfarb_li_1998, title={Advancing hardwood production forestry}, volume={1998}, number={May}, journal={Paper Age}, author={Robison, D. J. and Goldfarb, B. and Li, B.}, year={1998}, pages={22–24} }
 @article{goldfarb_hackett_furnier_mohn_plietzsch_1998, title={Adventitious root initiation in hypocotyl and epicotyl cuttings of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings}, volume={102}, ISSN={["1399-3054"]}, DOI={10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1020405.x}, abstractNote={The present paper reports results of experiments to develop a system for studying adventitious root initiation in cuttings derived from seedlings. Hypocotyl cuttings of 2‐week‐old eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings were treated for 5 min with 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 or 600 mg l−1 (0, 0.54, 1.07, 1.61, 2.15, 2.69 or 3.22 mM) 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to determine the effect on root initiation. The number of root primordia per cutting was correlated with NAA concentration and the square of NAA concentration. Thus, the number increased from less than one per cutting in the 0 NAA treatment to approximately 40 per cutting at 300 mg l‐1 NAA, above which no substantial further increase was observed. The larger number of root primordia formed in response to increasing concentrations of NAA was due to the formation of primordia over a larger proportion of the hypocotyls. Histological analysis of the timing of root primordium formation in hypocotyl cuttings revealed three discernible stages. Progression through these stages was relatively synchronous among NAA‐treated hypocotyl cuttings and within a given cutting, but variation was observed in the portion of different cuttings undergoing root formation. Control‐treated hypocotyl cuttings formed root primordia at lower frequencies and more slowly than NAA‐treated cuttings, with fewer primordia per cutting. Epicotyl cuttings from 11‐week‐old seedlings also formed adventitious roots, but more slowly than hypocotyl cuttings. NAA treatment of epicotyl cuttings caused more rapid root initiation and also affected the origin of adventitious roots in comparison with nontreated cuttings. NAA‐treated epicotyl cuttings formed roots in a manner analogous to that of the hypocotyl cuttings, directly from preformed vascular tissue, while control‐treated epicotyl cuttings first formed a wound or callus tissue and subsequently differentiated root primordia within that tissue. This system of inducing adventitious roots in pine stem cuttings lends itself to studying the molecular and biochemical steps that occur during root initiation and development.}, number={4}, journal={PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM}, author={Goldfarb, B and Hackett, WP and Furnier, GR and Mohn, CA and Plietzsch, A}, year={1998}, month={Apr}, pages={513–522} }
 @article{goldfarb_surles_thetford_blazich_1998, title={Effects of root morphology on nursery and first-year field growth of rooted cuttings of loblolly pine}, volume={22}, number={4}, journal={Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, author={Goldfarb, B. and Surles, S. E. and Thetford, M. and Blazich, F. A.}, year={1998}, pages={231–234} }
 @article{allen_weir_goldfarb_1998, title={Investing in wood production in southern pine plantations}, number={Apr.}, journal={Paper Age}, author={Allen, H. L and Weir, R. J. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={1998}, pages={20–21} }
 @inbook{goldfarb_lian_lanz-garcia_whetten_1997, title={Auxin-induced gene expression during rooting of loblolly pine stem cuttings}, ISBN={0306457067}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4615-5403-5_31}, booktitle={Biology of Root Formation and Development}, publisher={New York: Plenum Press}, author={Goldfarb, B. and Lian, Z. and Lanz-Garcia, C. and Whetten, R. K.}, editor={A. Altman and Waisel, Y.Editors}, year={1997}, pages={163–167} }
 @article{stelzer_goldfarb_1997, title={Implementing clonal forestry in the southeastern United States: Srieg satellite workshop summary remarks}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1139/x96-200}, abstractNote={Fifty people from the forest genetics community participated in a 2-day workshop to identify and discuss issues concerning the implementation of clonal forestry in the southeastern United States. Consensus was that the most pressing issues fell into the general categories of biological and technological limitations, economics, and ecological and societal concerns. The key aspect of the biological barrier focused on the limitations imposed by the maturation of trees. Economic issues centered on the need for reliable estimates of costs and returns. Ecological and societal issues focused on the difficulty of quantifying ecological risk and the possibility that clonal forestry could be regulated based on perceived rather than actual risks. Discussions brought about the need for propagation scientists and forest geneticists to participate with other interested groups to determine the ecological and economic consequences of various deployment strategies. The information and confidence gained in these efforts should permit forest managers to move toward safe and effective implementation of clonal forestry.}, number={3}, journal={Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, author={Stelzer, H. E. and Goldfarb, B.}, year={1997}, pages={442–446} }
 @article{diazsala_hutchison_goldfarb_greenwood_1996, title={Maturation-related loss in rooting competence by loblolly pine stem cuttings: The role of auxin transport, metabolism and tissue sensitivity}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1399-3054"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00507.x}, abstractNote={A comparison of rooting ability of stem cuttings made from hypocotyls and epicotyls from 50‐day‐old seedlings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) reveals a dramatic decline by epicotyl cuttings, which do not root at all in 20–30 days in the presence or absence of auxin. In contrast, almost all the hypocotyls root during this time, but only in the presence of exogenously applied auxin. The failure of epicotyls to root does not appear to be due to differences in [14C]‐labeled auxin uptake, transport, metabolism, or tissue distribution in the two types of cuttings. At the cellular level, initial responses to auxin, such as differentiation of the cambium into parenchyma, occur in both types of cuttings, but localized rapid cell division and root meristem organization are not observed in epicotyls. Autoradiography revealed that radioactivity from a‐naphthalene acetic acid is bound in the cortex but not concentrated at sites of root meristem organization prior to the organization of the meristem in hypocotys. During the development of the epicotyl. cellular competence to form roots appears to be lost. Although this loss in competence is not associated with a concurrent loss in ability to transport auxin polarly, the latter process appears to play a key role in rooting other than to move auxin to the site of root formation. The phytotropin N‐(1‐naphthyl)phthalamic acid inhibits rooting if applied during the first 3 days after the cutting is made, but does not affect auxin concentration or metabolism at the rooting site.}, number={3}, journal={PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM}, author={DiazSala, C and Hutchison, KW and Goldfarb, B and Greenwood, MS}, year={1996}, month={Jul}, pages={481–490} }
 @article{goldfarb_howe_hackett_monteuuis_1996, title={Survival and growth of eastern white pine shoot apical meristems in vitro}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0167-6857"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02307092}, number={3}, journal={PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE}, author={Goldfarb, B and Howe, GM and Hackett, WP and Monteuuis, O}, year={1996}, month={Sep}, pages={171–178} }
 @article{howe_goldfarb_strauss_1994, title={AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF HYBRID POPLAR SUSPENSION-CULTURES AND REGENERATION OF TRANSFORMED PLANTS}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0167-6857"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00048316}, number={1}, journal={PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE}, author={HOWE, GT and GOLDFARB, B and STRAUSS, SH}, year={1994}, month={Jan}, pages={59–71} }
 @inproceedings{grattapaglia_chaparro_wilcox_mccord_crane_amerson_werner_liu_o'malley_whetten_et al._1993, title={Application of genetic markers to tree breeding}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 22nd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference}, author={Grattapaglia, D. and Chaparro, J. and Wilcox, P. and McCord, S. and Crane, B. and Amerson, H. and Werner, D. and Liu, B. H. and O'Malley, D. and Whetten, R. and et al.}, year={1993}, pages={452–463} }
 @article{goldfarb_strauss_howe_zaerr_1992, title={Transient gene expression of microprojectile-introduced DNA in Douglas-fir cotyledons}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1007/bf00234585}, abstractNote={Plasmid DNA containing the reporter gene uidA encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS), driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, was introduced on high-velocity microprojectiles into cultured cotyledons of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco]. Transient gene expression was measured by counting the number of distinct loci of GUS activity per cotyledon. Contrary to published results on angiosperms, repeated bombardments did not increase expression in Douglas-fir. Expression varied significantly among cotyledons from different seedlings. The amount of time between DNA delivery and treatment of cotyledons with auxins and cytokinins strongly affected GUS expression. The optimal cytokinin pretreatment produced an average of 20 loci per cotyledon. In several experiments, more than 95% of the treated cotyledons exhibited at least some transient expression. Expression remained constant up to three days following DNA delivery into cotyledons.}, journal={Plant Cell Reports (Online)}, author={Goldfarb, B. and Strauss, S. H. and Howe, G. T. and Zaerr, J. B.}, year={1992}, pages={517–521} }
 @article{goldfarb_howe_bailey_strauss_zaerr_1991, title={A liquid cytokinin pulse induces adventitious shoot formation from Douglas-fir cotyledons}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1007/bf00232049}, abstractNote={The effects of high-concentration, 2-h liquid pulses of N(6)-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TD) on adventitious bud and shoot formation were tested in cotyledons of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Seedling age proved important; on average, cotyledons from the youngest seedlings formed 10-fold more buds than cotyledons from the oldest seedlings. Optimal cytokinin concentrations for the youngest cotyledons were 400 and 800 μM BA, and 100 and 200 μM TD. Shoots developed best from buds induced with 300, 400, and 800 μM BA. Four gelling agents were tested; BRL agarose yielded more than three times the number of buds, and Gelrite nearly twice the number of buds, as either Sigma agar or Difco Bacto-Agar. One of the best treatments (400 μM BA, agarose) yielded more cotyledons with buds, and more buds per cotyledon, than when cytokinins were incorporated into the growth medium.}, journal={Plant Cell Reports (Online)}, author={Goldfarb, B. and Howe, G. T. and Bailey, L. M. and Strauss, S. H. and Zaerr, J. B.}, year={1991}, pages={156–160} }
 @misc{strauss_howe_goldfarb_1991, title={PROSPECTS FOR GENETIC-ENGINEERING OF INSECT RESISTANCE IN FOREST TREES}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1872-7042"]}, DOI={10.1016/0378-1127(91)90127-H}, abstractNote={Gene transfer and recombinant DNA methods provide opportunities for enhancing insect resistance of forest trees by importing genes from other species and by manipulating native genes to create novel forms of resistance. Current opportunities for enhancing insect resistance include insertion of the toxin gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and transfer of proteinase inhibitor genes from other plant species. Work is under way in a number of laboratories throughout the world to insert Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes into forest tree species. Other strategies, such as the manipulation and transfer of chitinase genes, lectin genes, baculovirus genes, and genes encoding enzymes involved in the production of novel secondary compounds, also hold promise but require more information before their likelihood of success can be judged. Use of genetically engineered, resistant trees should be environmentally safer than controlling insect pests with insecticides. This is primarily because engineered trees affect only species that feed on them, and even then will generally be harmful to only a limited number of insect taxa. The main environmental risk associated with the use of engineered trees is that insects may counter-evolve to overcome their resistance. This would be particularly significant, for example, if counter-evolution to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene in trees also precluded the use of insecticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis. We argue, however, that the risks of serious counter-evolution can be reduced to an acceptable level by maintaining genetic diversity in the forest, using multiple genes for resistance, and employing forest management practices that mitigate the potential for counter-evolution. Genetically engineered resistance should be more effective than the spraying of insecticides because the toxins are delivered as soon as insects begin feeding, can be produced continuously, and are delivered within tissues — thereby contacting insects that are difficult to reach with exterior sprays. We hypothesize that the improved nutrition of coniferous trees provided by intensive forest management should allow them to make heavier investments in novel nitrogen-based defensive compounds such as proteins and alkaloids, and that genetic engineering can help to take advantage of this opportunity. The greatest limitations to the current use of genetic engineering to improve insect resistance of trees are: insufficient knowledge of the molecular biology of insect development, insect pathogenesis, and tree defenses against insects; inefficient systems for insertion of genes into large numbers of tree genotypes; inability to produce sterile trees, necessary to prevent the release of engineered genes into natural or feral populations; concerns about insect counter-evolution to overcome the effects of engineered resistance genes; a lack of public understanding of the true benefits and risks of genetic engineering. In the short term, the greatest benefits from recombinant DNA and genetic engineering technology will be to provide new avenues for understanding tree-insect interactions, and thus new options for combating insect pests.}, number={3-4}, journal={FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT}, author={STRAUSS, SH and HOWE, GT and GOLDFARB, B}, year={1991}, month={Oct}, pages={181–209} }
 @inbook{goldfarb_zaerr_1989, title={Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco)}, ISBN={0387191585}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-642-61535-1_28}, abstractNote={The genus Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae) consists of eight species (El-Kassaby et al. 1983). Six species occur naturally in eastern Asia in non-overlapping ranges. Pseudotsuga japonica (Shiras.) Beissn. occurs in Japan and P. wilsoniana Hayata in Taiwan. Pseudotsuga forrestii Craib., P. sinensis Dode, P. gaussenii Flous and P. brevifolia Chang et L. K. Fu. are located in China. There are two North American species: P. macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr, with a limited range in Southern California, and P. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir), which occurs throughout western North America (Fowells 1965). The latter has two varieties: the coastal P. menziesii var. menziesii and the interior P. menziesii var. glauca.}, booktitle={Trees II (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 5)}, publisher={Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag}, author={Goldfarb, B. and Zaerr, J. B.}, year={1989}, pages={526–548} }
 @article{goldfarb_nelson_hansen_1989, title={TRICHODERMA SPECIES FROM DOUGLAS-FIR STUMPS AND ROOTS INFESTED WITH PHELLINUS-WEIRII IN THE WESTERN CASCADE MOUNTAINS OF OREGON}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0027-5514"]}, DOI={10.2307/3759458}, abstractNote={Six species of Trichoderma were isolated from Douglas-fir stumps and roots infested with Phellinus weirii. Trichoderma viride and T. polysporum were the most common species. Trichoderma spp. were isolated more frequently from stem portions of stumps harvested 11 years earlier than from those harvested one year earlier. Colonization by these and other fungi was less extensive in roots than in stems. Although the overall frequency of isolation of Trichoderma spp. was low (70 of 5970 isolations), their greater association with wood decayed by P. weirii, as compared with undecayed wood, may have implications in the control of laminated root rot.}, number={1}, journal={MYCOLOGIA}, author={GOLDFARB, B and NELSON, EE and HANSEN, EM}, year={1989}, pages={134–138} }
 @article{goldfarb_nelson_hansen_1989, title={TRICHODERMA SPP - GROWTH-RATES AND ANTAGONISM TO PHELLINUS-WEIRII INVITRO}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0027-5514"]}, DOI={10.2307/3760075}, abstractNote={Seventy isolates representing six species of Trichoderma were tested for linear growth rates at five temperatures (5–25 C). Growth rate varied substantially within and among species. Multivariate procedures were used to distinguish species on the basis of their growth rates. The ability of nine isolates to kill Phellinus weirii was tested in vitro at 10 and 20 C. Isolates of T. viride, T. polysporum, and T. harzianum were more antagonistic to P. weirii than were isolates of the other three species. The T. harzianum isolate killed P. weirii fastest at 20 C, whereas the T. viride and T. polysporum isolates acted most rapidly at 10C. Techniques used here to assay antagonism can be extended to test more isolates, both in vitro and in the field.}, number={3}, journal={MYCOLOGIA}, author={GOLDFARB, B and NELSON, EE and HANSEN, EM}, year={1989}, pages={375–381} }
 @article{nelson_goldfarb_thies_1987, title={TRICHODERMA SPECIES FROM FUMIGATED DOUGLAS-FIR ROOTS DECAYED BY PHELLINUS-WEIRII}, volume={79}, ISSN={["0027-5514"]}, DOI={10.2307/3807458}, abstractNote={Seven species aggregates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium virens were isolated from roots of Phellinus weirii-infested Douglas-fir stumps fumigated with chloropicrin, Vorlex, or methylisothiocyanate, or left untreated. Most commonly isolated was Trichoderma viride, followed by T. hamatum, T. citrinoviride, G. virens, T. polysporum, T. saturnisporum, T. harzianum, and T. longibrachiatum. Roots from chloropicrin-treated stumps were more frequently colonized than those from untreated stumps, although T. citrinoviride was more frequently found in untreated stumps.}, number={3}, journal={MYCOLOGIA}, author={NELSON, EE and GOLDFARB, B and THIES, WG}, year={1987}, pages={370–374} }