@article{brookins_2016, title={Promoting Ethnic Identity Development in African American Youth: The Role of Rites of Passage}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1177/00957984960223008}, abstractNote={ Contemporary adolescent rites-of-passage interventions within the African American community are designed to positively influence the ethnic identity of African American youth through activities that provide historical and cultural information, teach intellectual and social skills, and promote values that are consistent with African American culture and community needs. Unfortunately, it is unclear how consistent these interventions are with current developmental research and theory. This article presents and describes the adolescent developmental pathways paradigm (ADPP), a rites-of-passage modelforAfrican American youth that provides a developmentalframework for ethnic identity development and integrates it into the current literature on adolescent rites of passage. Particular attention is given to the ecological context within which adolescent-focused interventions currently operate and have been shown to be effective. The implications of the ADPPfor adolescent development, community empowerment, social change, andfuture research are also discussed. }, number={3}, journal={Journal of Black Psychology}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Brookins, Craig C.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={388–417} }
 @article{smith_brookins_2016, title={Toward the Development of an Ethnic Identity Measure for African American Youth}, volume={23}, DOI={10.1177/00957984970234004}, abstractNote={ This article describes the preliminary researchfindings on the Multi-Construct African American Identity Questionnaire, an instrument designed to measure several proposed components of racial/ethnic identity in African American adolescents. Data are presented on African American youth, ranging from 11 to 18 years of age, at two urban sites in the midwestern and southeastern United States. The psychometric properties of the instrument are examined, and information is included on the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity of the instrument. The findings are also examined in the context of current theoretical models of ethnic identity and its relationship to self-construct and personal identity. The implications of thefindingsfor the healthy development of African American youth are discussed. }, number={4}, journal={Journal of Black Psychology}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Smith, Emilie Phillips and Brookins, Craig C.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={358–377} }
 @article{chioneso_brookins_2015, title={Coming to Get and Needing to Keep: Participation Within a Membership Association for Black Scholars}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1552-4558"]}, DOI={10.1177/0095798413506224}, abstractNote={ Membership associations for African-centered scholars, activists, and practitioners are viewed as relational communities that respond to the dynamic interplay of the needs and talents of its members. In this case study, quantitative methods examined, at the individual level, the role of psychological sense of community (PSOC),worldview, professional self-growth potential (PsGP), and participation of members in one membership association that espouses African-centered values. Data were collected via online and paper-and-pencil surveys administered at the organization’s annual conference. Findings indicated that for the entire sample age, PSOC and PsGP were significantly correlated with membership participation. While membership participation was unrelated to a shared worldview, factors that predicted it varied by membership status (student and nonstudent) and gender. For the student sample, PsGP was predictive of membership participation, but gender differences were undetected. However, for the nonstudent sample, age and PSOC were predictive of membership participation; but for males, only age was a significant predictor. Findings are discussed in relation to those factors that contribute to fostering active participation within membership associations for African-centered scholars. }, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Chioneso, Nkechinyelum A. and Brookins, Craig C.}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={49–74} }
 @inproceedings{banks_brookins_leonard_2015, title={Predictors of Interest in Research Among Underrepresented Participants in Research Training Programs}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 2014 Understanding Interventions Conference}, author={Banks, E.R. and Brookins, C.C. and Leonard, A.}, year={2015} }
 @article{baker_brookins_2014, title={TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MEASURE OF SOCIOPOLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS: LISTENING TO THE VOICES OF SALVADORAN YOUTH}, volume={42}, ISSN={0090-4392}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21668}, DOI={10.1002/jcop.21668}, abstractNote={A mixed methods approach was used to explore dimensions of sociopolitical development of youth in El Salvador. Photovoice was used to engage 2 groups of adolescents from a rural village to document and discuss their community. Using previous theory and models of sociopolitical development as a guide, themes were identified to inform the development of a quantitative measure we call sociopolitical consciousness. New and preexisting items were combined to create a measure that reflected the themes from the qualitative data. The resulting measure was completed by 682 Salvadoran high school students across 3 different community contexts; 7 factors were subsequently identified representing both individual and collective dimensions of sociopolitical consciousness. The study demonstrates how a contextualized research process can facilitate a synergy between the emic and etic dimensions of sociopolitical development.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Community Psychology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Baker, Alison M. and Brookins, Craig C.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={1015–1032} }
 @article{brookins_2012, title={Kupandia Milima: A Photographic Essay}, volume={12}, number={2}, journal={The African Symposium}, author={Brookins, C.C.}, year={2012}, pages={122–153} }
 @article{brookins_2007, title={Parable of a Sojourner: A Long View of "Ghana @ 50"}, volume={8}, number={2}, journal={Obsidian}, author={Brookins, C.C.}, year={2007}, pages={9–13} }
 @inproceedings{brookins_chioneso_2004, title={African Diasporic Travel in Ghana: Expectations, Challenges and Outcomes}, booktitle={Proceedings of the African/Diaspora Conference: African Studies in California Schools, Colleges & Universities}, author={Brookins, C.C. and Chioneso, N.A.}, year={2004}, month={Apr} }
 @article{jakes_brookins_2004, title={Introduction: Understanding Ecological Programming: Merging Theory, Research, and Practice}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1300/j005v27n02_01}, abstractNote={Abstract In this collection, we examine the application of the ecological model in prevention programs. A review of the literature presents a historical account of the development of the model and provides a basis for the rationale behind its use. Four empirical articles then provide a method for measuring the application of an ecological framework in program design and implementation, and evaluations of programs using components of the model. We conclude that ecological programming, while popular in rhetoric, is complex in both its design and implementation. Ecological approaches show merit over one-sided solutions, but need further investigation to show when these are the most efficacious approach and when only limited adherence is optimal.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community}, author={Jakes, S. S. and Brookins, Craig Calvert}, year={2004}, pages={1–11} }
 @inbook{brookins_2004, place={Hampton, VA}, edition={4th}, title={Promoting ethnic identity in African American youth: The role of rites-of-passage}, booktitle={Black psychology}, publisher={Cobb & Henry}, author={Brookins, C.C.}, editor={Jones, R.L.Editor}, year={2004} }
 @article{brookins_sackey_2003, title={African American Youth, Adolescence}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4615-0195-4_22}, journal={Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Brookins, Craig C. and Sackey, Brigid}, year={2003}, pages={165–170} }
 @article{brookins_2003, title={Anansi and how the moon got put in the sky}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0091-0562"]}, DOI={10.1023/B:AJCP.0000004849.40699.22}, abstractNote={American Journal of Community PsychologyVolume 32, Issue 3-4 p. 283-284 Editorial Commentary Anansi and How the Moon Got Put in the Sky Craig Brookins, Corresponding Author Craig Brookins Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, 27695-7801 Raleigh, North Carolina[email protected]Search for more papers by this author Craig Brookins, Corresponding Author Craig Brookins Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, 27695-7801 Raleigh, North Carolina[email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AJCP.0000004849.40699.22AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume32, Issue3-4December 2003Pages 283-284 RelatedInformation}, number={3-4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Brookins, C}, year={2003}, month={Dec}, pages={283–284} }
 @inbook{brookins_sackey_2003, place={New London, CT}, title={Promoting healthy development in African American youth}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of primary prevention and health promotion}, publisher={Child and Family Agency Press}, author={Brookins, C.C. and Sackey, B.}, editor={Gullotta, T. and Bloom, M.Editors}, year={2003} }
 @inbook{brookins_1999, place={Hampton, VA}, title={Afrikan and community psychology: Synthesizing liberation and social change}, booktitle={Advances in African American psychology: Theory, paradigms, and research}, publisher={Cobb & Henry}, author={Brookins, C.C.}, editor={Jones, R.L.Editor}, year={1999}, pages={27–50} }
 @article{smith_walker_fields_brookins_seay_1999, title={Ethnic identity and its relationship to self-esteem, perceived efficacy and prosocial attitudes in early adolescence}, volume={22}, ISSN={0140-1971}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.1999.0281}, DOI={10.1006/jado.1999.0281}, abstractNote={This study examined the relationship of ethnic identity to self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy and prosocial attitudes. The sample included 100 male and female early adolescents, ranging from 11 to 13 years old, from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. Structural equations modeling was used to examine the latent structure of the multi-dimensional constructs and their interrelationships. Self-esteem and ethnic identity factors emerged which were related and which evidenced efficacy-mediated effects upon prosocial attitudes. The findings suggested that ethnic identity and self-esteem are distinct but related contributors to young people's perceptions of their ability to achieve academically, to find meaningful careers and to value prosocial means of goal attainment.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Adolescence}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Smith, Emilie Phillips and Walker, Katrina and Fields, Laurie and Brookins, Craig C. and Seay, Robert C.}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={867–880} }
 @article{brookins_1996, title={Exploring Psychosocial Task Resolution and Self-Concept among African-American Adolescents}, volume={82}, ISSN={0031-5125 1558-688X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.803}, DOI={10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.803}, abstractNote={ Developmental task resolution and self-concept of adolescents were examined for a sample of 110 African-American youth. The Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory was used to measure Erikson's stages of psychological development and the Bronstein-Cruz Child/Adolescent Self-concept and Adjustment Scale was used to measure multiple components of the self-concept. Scores for Self-concept and Resolution of Identity stages were highly correlated although scores on Resolution of Identity, commonly seen as the primary psychosocial task of adolescence, were not related to scores on either Emotional Well-being or Family Relations. The results are discussed in terms of improving understanding of relationships between processes in development, identity, and other salient psychosocial variables. }, number={3}, journal={Perceptual and Motor Skills}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Brookins, Craig C.}, year={1996}, month={Jun}, pages={803–810} }
 @article{brookins_anyabwile_nacoste_1996, title={Exploring the Links Between Racial Identity Attitudes and Psychological Feelings of Closeness in African American College Students}, volume={26}, ISSN={0021-9029 1559-1816}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01849.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01849.x}, abstractNote={The relationship between racial identity attitudes and psychological closeness to various African American groups was examined in 171 African American college students at a predominantly White southeastern university. The data were collected using the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (Helms & Parham, 1985), and a scale measuring Perceived Psychological Closeness to African Americans. The closeness scale is a 14‐item instrument that was found to represent (in this sample) psychological closeness to 4 African American groups. Internalized racial identity attitudes indicated positive feelings toward various groups of African Americans. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that internalized racial identity attitudes were predictive of psychological closeness to African Americans, although this varied somewhat depending on the subgroup.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Applied Social Psychology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Brookins, Craig C. and Anyabwile, Thabiti M. and Nacoste, Rupert}, year={1996}, month={Feb}, pages={243–264} }
 @misc{brookins_1995, title={Book Reviews: The Ghetto Underclass: Social Science Perspectives}, volume={21}, ISSN={0095-7984 1552-4558}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00957984950211008}, DOI={10.1177/00957984950211008}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Black Psychology}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Brookins, Craig C.}, year={1995}, month={Feb}, pages={85–89} }
 @inproceedings{brookins_1995, title={Racial identity attitudes and psychological feelings of closeness in African- American college students}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference on Empirical Research on Black Psychology}, author={Brookins, C.C.}, year={1995} }
 @article{brookins_robinson_1995, title={Rites-of-passage as resistance to oppression}, volume={19}, number={3}, journal={Western Journal of Black Studies}, author={Brookins, C.C. and Robinson, T.L.}, year={1995}, pages={172–180} }
 @article{brookins_1994, title={The Relationship between Afrocentric Values and Racial Identity Attitudes: Validation of the Belief Systems Analysis Scale on African American College Students}, volume={20}, ISSN={0095-7984 1552-4558}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00957984940202003}, DOI={10.1177/00957984940202003}, abstractNote={ The Belief Systems Analysis Scale (BSAS) was administered to 171 African American college students attending Black studies classes at a predominantly White institution to provide further evidence on the psychometric properties of the instrument. The Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS) and the African Self-Consciousness Scale (ASCS) were used to provide construct validity and determine the relationship between an optimalAfrocentric belief system, racial identity attitudes, and African self-consciousness. Thefindings support the use of the total BSAS scale as ameasure of optimalAfrocentric values, although afactor analysis failed to confirm the structure on two of the five subscales as defined in the previous administration of the instrument on a sample of White college students. A direct relationship was found between the BSAS and the RIAS but not between the BSAS and the ASCS. It is suggested that Afrocentric values and African self-consciousness may represent separate domains of the overall African American identity structure. }, number={2}, journal={Journal of Black Psychology}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Brookins, Craig C.}, year={1994}, month={May}, pages={128–142} }
 @article{brookins_anyabwile_nacoste_1993, title={Racial identity attitudes and psychological feelings of closeness in African American college students}, volume={24}, journal={Psych Discourse}, author={Brookins, C.C. and Anyabwile, T.M. and Nacoste, R.W.}, year={1993}, pages={10–12} }
 @article{brookins_1992, title={Ethnic minority mentoring: Early thoughts and reflections from the other side}, volume={25}, number={3}, journal={The Community Psychologist}, author={Brookins, C.C.}, year={1992}, pages={27–29} }
 @book{brookins_1991, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={A conceptual re-examination of support and education programs}, number={ED 341 012}, institution={Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University}, author={Brookins, C.C.}, year={1991} }
 @inbook{lomotey_brookins_1988, place={New York}, title={Independent Black Institutions: A cultural perspective}, booktitle={Visible now: Blacks in private schools}, publisher={Greenwood Press}, author={Lomotey, K. and Brookins, C.C.}, editor={Slaughter, D. and Johnson, D.Editors}, year={1988} }