@article{ozden_black_ashwell_tipsmark_borski_grubb_2010, title={Developmental Profile of Claudin-3,-5, and-16 Proteins in the Epithelium of Chick Intestine}, volume={293}, ISSN={["1932-8494"]}, DOI={10.1002/ar.21163}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY}, author={Ozden, Ozkan and Black, Betty L. and Ashwell, Christopher M. and Tipsmark, Christian K. and Borski, Russell J. and Grubb, Brenda J.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={1175–1183} }
 @article{foye_black_2006, title={Intestinal adaptation to diet in the young domestic and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)}, volume={143}, ISSN={["1531-4332"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.11.017}, abstractNote={The short-term effects of diet on jejunal growth, alanine transport rate, and leucine aminopeptidase activity (LAP) were compared in the domestic and wild turkey poult. One-day-old poults of each strain were fed diets of high vs., low protein, with carbohydrate varied to maintain isocaloric conditions. Prior to feeding, relative jejunal mass and alanine transport rates were not significantly different in the two turkey strains, whereas LAP activity was 270% higher in wild poults. After feeding for 72 h, relative jejunal mass doubled in both turkey strains. In domestic turkeys, alanine transport rate and LAP activity were reduced by approximately 42% and 25%, respectively, in poults fed a 24% protein-69% carbohydrate diet vs. a 49% protein-35% carbohydrate diet. Analysis of the combined data from feeding experiments revealed that alanine transport rate was not correlated with total food, protein or lipid intake, but was negatively correlated with carbohydrate consumption (P<0.05). In wild turkeys, neither alanine transport rate nor LAP activity were altered by diet. These results reveal that domestic turkey hatchlings can modulate protein digestive and absorptive functions as protein/carbohydrate composition of the diet changes and suggest that high dietary carbohydrate down-regulates the intestinal alanine transporter.}, number={2}, journal={COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Foye, OT and Black, BL}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={184–192} }
 @article{fasina_classen_garlich_black_ferket_uni_olkowski_2006, title={Response of turkey poults to soybean lectin levels typically encountered in commercial diets. 2. Effect on intestinal development and lymphoid organs}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/85.5.870}, abstractNote={Lectins are capable of altering intestinal morphology by binding to and disrupting the intestinal brush border membrane. They are also known to alter the weight of lymphoid organs. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of soybean lectin (SBL) on intestinal morphology and lymphoid organ weights of poults fed diets containing SBL. Dietary treatments evaluated in this study included a cornstarch and casein-based control (lectin-free) semipurified diet (PD) and semipurified diets containing 0.024 or 0.048% SBL (PDL and PDH, respectively). Experimental diets were fed from hatch to 14 d. Morphological evaluation of the intestine involved measurement of the villi height and perimeter, crypt depth, villus:crypt, and thickness of the muscle layer in the jejunum. Intestinal physical characteristics were also determined by measuring intestinal weight, length, and volume. Results indicated that 0.048% SBL in PDH increased villus:crypt and reduced total intestinal length in turkey poults. In addition, both the 0.024 and 0.048% dietary SBL levels reduced thymus weights. It was concluded that dietary SBL up to 0.048% enhanced intestinal development by increasing villus:crypt, but might alter the structural integrity of lymphoid organs.}, number={5}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Fasina, YO and Classen, HL and Garlich, JD and Black, BL and Ferket, PR and Uni, Z and Olkowski, AA}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={870–877} }
 @article{green_heatwole_black_poran_2004, title={Effect of the venoms of two viperid snakes, the copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus), on the liver and kidney of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana).}, volume={11}, number={1}, journal={Russian Journal of Herpetology}, author={Green, J. M and Heatwole, H. and Black, B. and Poran, N.}, year={2004}, pages={21–29} }
 @inproceedings{black_mack_2001, title={Calcium distribution and modulation of goblet cell differentiation in embryonic intestinal epithelium}, volume={12}, number={2001 Nov}, booktitle={Molecular Biology of the Cell}, author={Black, B. L. and Mack, C. M.}, year={2001}, pages={2136} }
 @inproceedings{foye_black_2001, title={Posthatch development and adaptation to diet in wild versus domestic turkey poults}, volume={12}, number={2001 Nov}, booktitle={Molecular Biology of the Cell}, author={Foye, O. T. and Black, B. L.}, year={2001}, pages={1336} }
 @article{black_croom_eisen_petro_edwards_surwit_1998, title={Differential effects of fat and sucrose on body composition in A/J and C57BL/6 mice}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0026-0495"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90304-3}, abstractNote={The C57BL/6 (B6) mouse is more sensitive to the effects of a high-fat diet than the A/J strain. The B6 mouse develops severe obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia when fed this dietary regimen. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary fat and sucrose concentrations on body composition and intestinal sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) and maltase (EC 3.2.1.20) activity in these two mouse strains. High-fat diets, regardless of sucrose content, resulted in significant weight gain, higher body fat, and lower body protein and water content in both strains of mice. The shift toward higher body fat and lower protein and water content was far greater in the B6 strain. Low-fat, high-sucrose diets resulted in lower body weight in both strains, as well as significantly greater body protein content in B6 mice. Analysis of intestinal sucrase showed that the enzyme was less active in B6 mice when the diet was high in sucrose. Both sucrase and maltase had lower activity in the presence of high dietary fat in both mouse strains. The percent reduction of intestinal enzyme activity due to dietary fat was similar in both strains. The B6 mouse exhibits disproportionate weight gain and altered body composition on a high-fat diet. This coupled with the reduced body weight and increased body protein on a low-fat, high-sucrose diet suggests that factors-relative to fat metabolism rather than sucrose metabolism are responsible for obesity.}, number={11}, journal={METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL}, author={Black, BL and Croom, J and Eisen, EJ and Petro, AE and Edwards, CL and Surwit, RS}, year={1998}, month={Nov}, pages={1354–1359} }
 @article{fan_croom_christensen_black_bird_daniel_mcbride_eisen_1997, title={Jejunal glucose uptake and oxygen consumption in turkey poults selected for rapid growth}, volume={76}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/76.12.1738}, abstractNote={Two lines of turkey poults, one selected for rapid growth at 16 wk of age (F line) and the other a randombred control line (RBC2) were used to investigate the effect of selection for rapid growth on jejunal O2 consumption and glucose transport as well as whole-body O2 consumption. All trials used unsexed poults and were designed as a randomized complete block with day and line as independent variables. In Trial 1, 120 turkey poults, fed a standard starter ration (25.5% CP), were used to examine the effect of selection on feed intake, body weight gain, and efficiency from hatching (Day 0) to 13 d of age. At Day 14, 36 of 60 birds from each line were killed to measure intestinal length and weight and jejunal O2 consumption after 18 h of feed deprivation. Compared with the RBC2 line, the F line had relatively shorter but heavier small intestinal segments when adjusted by 18 h feed-deprived body weight (FBW; P < 0.001). The F line consumed more O2 over the entire jejunum adjusted to FBW than RBC2 line (43.8 vs 34.6 nmol O2/min.g FBW; P < 0.001). Jejunal ouabain- and cycloheximide-sensitive O2 consumption were greater (P < 0.05) in the F line. In Trial 2, 16 14-d-old poults from each line were used to measure in vitro jejunal glucose transport rate. There was no difference in glucose transport of the jejunum (nanomoles per minute per gram of FBW) between the lines. In Trial 3, 20 poults from each line were used to measure whole-body O2 consumption at 7 to 10 d of age. The F and RBC2 lines had similar whole-body O2 consumption rate per gram of FBW. These data suggest that selection of turkeys for rapid growth at 16 wk of age did not increase efficiency of jejunal glucose uptake in 14-d-old turkey poults.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Fan, YK and Croom, J and Christensen, VL and Black, BL and Bird, AR and Daniel, LR and McBride, BW and Eisen, EJ}, year={1997}, month={Dec}, pages={1738–1745} }