@article{blain_bobet_browning_edge_holmes_johnson_lachance_ramirez_robertson_smith_et al._2020, title={The Network Coordination Office of NHERI (Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure)}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2297-3362"]}, DOI={10.3389/fbuil.2020.00108}, abstractNote={Since 2015, NHERI, or the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure, began research operations supported by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) as a distributed, multi-user national facility that provides the natural hazards research community with access to a powerful research infrastructure. NHERI is comprised of separate research infrastructure awards for a Network Coordination Office (NCO), Cyberinfrastructure, a Computational Modeling and Simulation Center, eight Experimental Facilities, and CONVERGE (an initiative to advance social sciences and interdisciplinary research). Awards made for NHERI contribute to NSF's role in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program and the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program of the United States. The mission of NHERI is to provide the earthquake, wind, coastal engineering, and social sciences communities with access to research infrastructure, education, and community outreach activities focused on improving the resilience and sustainability of the civil infrastructure against earthquakes, windstorms, and associated natural events such as tsunami and coastal storm surge. In this paper, the role and key NHERI activities are described for the NCO, which is led by Purdue University, along with partner institutions—the University of Texas at San Antonio, North Carolina State University, Texas Tech University, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, and the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The NHERI NCO serves as a focal point and leader of a multi-hazards research community, and maintains a community-based NHERI science plan. It manages scheduling for partner NHERI Experimental Facilities and coordinates all components to ensure effective and fair governance, efficient testing, and user support within a safe environment. Another important role of the NCO is to lead NHERI-wide educational and outreach activities: the network facilitates educational experiences ranging from summer programs for undergraduates to workshops for post-docs and early-career faculty that also both involve development of K-12 lesson plans. The NCO works to develop strategic national and international partnerships and to coordinate NHERI activities with other awardee components to form a cohesive and fully-integrated global natural hazards engineering research infrastructure that fosters collaboration in new ways.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT}, author={Blain, Cheryl Ann and Bobet, Antonio and Browning, JoAnn and Edge, Billy L. and Holmes, William and Johnson, David R. and LaChance, Marti and Ramirez, Julio and Robertson, Ian and Smith, Tom and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{wei_edge_dalrymple_herault_2019, title={Modeling of wave energy converters by GPUSPH and Project Chrono}, volume={183}, ISSN={["0029-8018"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.04.029}, abstractNote={This study presents a fully coupled numerical approach to study wave energy converters interaction with water waves. The open-source Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model GPUSPH is used to resolve wave dynamics and compute the hydrodynamic force on wave energy converters. The dynamics of wave energy converter is computed by the open-source physics engine, Project Chrono. The capability of the coupled numerical model to handle wave-body interaction is validated by considering a floating body in still water. The results show that the coupled model correctly predicts the balance between the floating body weight and the buoyancy force. Furthermore, the effectiveness of density diffusion method in reducing acoustic noise in a weakly compressible SPH model is also justified. In addition, the model is validated by laboratory experiment on floating body interaction with nonlinear wave packet. The model is then applied to simulate two types of wave energy converters. We conduct a thorough study of GPUSPH modeling of surface-piercing oscillating wave surge converter under waves. GPUSPH accurately predicts both wave gauge measurements and the device rotation as recorded in the laboratory. By virtue of the Project Chrono library we examine the power take-off scenario of the oscillating wave surge converter by introducing kinematic constraint into the system. The device performance under storm condition is further examined. We further present and simulate a conceptualized catenary mooring wave energy converter device, CSI-Device, under real sea states. We not only examine the interaction of CSI-Device with waves, but also we obtain the mooring force on the device that can facilitate the design of wave energy converters. We show that to maximize the energy extraction, it is important to design the device to have a natural frequency similar to the wave period of deployment site to maximize the swing motion of the pendulum. Finally the interaction of CSI-Device under different sea states with both relatively small and large wave heights are evaluated by placing the device in a directional spectral wave basin. Overall, this study shows that the open-source model GPUSPH is an efficient tool for modeling wave energy conversion devices in directional nonlinear sea states.}, journal={OCEAN ENGINEERING}, author={Wei, Zhangping and Edge, Billy L. and Dalrymple, Robert A. and Herault, Alexis}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={332–349} }
 @article{traver_andersen_edge_fowler_calloway_gilbert_haddock_link_moyle_roth_et al._2014, title={Flood Risk Management: The Need for Sound Policies and Practices}, volume={84}, ISSN={2381-0688 2381-0688}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/CIEGAG.0000489}, DOI={10.1061/CIEGAG.0000489}, abstractNote={A large portion of the destruction from Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was caused not only by the storm itself but also by the storm’s exposure of engineering and engineering-related policy failures. ASCE’s Hurricane Katrina External Review Panel, which was convened at the request of Lieutenant General Carl A. Strock, P.E., M.ASCE, then the commander and chief engineer of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to conduct an in-depth peer review of the comprehensive work of the Corp’s Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force, published its report, entitled The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why, in May 2007. In January 2012 ASCE’s Board of Direction established the Task Committee on Flood Safety Policies and Practices (TCFSPP) to examine the findings put forth in the report, to determine whether progress has been made in implementing the calls for action included in this report, and to determine if the American public is now safer from the dangers of flooding. This article is a dis...}, number={4}, journal={Civil Engineering Magazine Archive}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Traver, Robert and Andersen, Christine and Edge, Billy and Fowler, David and Calloway, Gerald, Jr. and Gilbert, Robert B. and Haddock, Carol and Link, Lewis E. and Moyle, John and Roth, Lawrence and et al.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={48–57} }
 @article{islam_bonner_edge_page_2014, title={Hydrodynamic characterization of Corpus Christi Bay through modeling and observation}, volume={186}, ISSN={["1573-2959"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10661-014-3973-5}, abstractNote={Christi Bay is a relatively flat, shallow, wind-driven system with an average depth of 3-4 m and a mean tidal range of 0.3 m. It is completely mixed most of the time, and as a result, depth-averaged models have, historically, been applied for hydrodynamic characterization supporting regulatory decisions on Texas coastal management. The bay is highly stratified during transitory periods of the summer with low wind conditions. This has important implications on sediment transport, nutrient cycling, and water quality-related issues, including hypoxia which is a key water quality concern for the bay. Detailed hydrodynamic characterization of the bay during the summer months included analysis of simulation results of 2-D hydrodynamic model and high-frequency (HF) in situ observations. The HF radar system resolved surface currents, whereas an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measured current at different depths of the water column. The developed model successfully captured water surface elevation variation at the mouth of the bay (i.e., onshore boundary of the Gulf of Mexico) and at times within the bay. However, large discrepancies exist between model-computed depth-averaged water currents and observed surface currents. These discrepancies suggested the presence of a vertical gradient in the current structure which was further substantiated by the observed bi-directional current movement within the water column. In addition, observed vertical density gradients proved that the water column was stratified. Under this condition, the bottom layer became hypoxic due to inadequate mixing with the aerated surface water. Understanding the disparities between observations and model predictions provides critical insights about hydrodynamics and physical processes controlling water quality.}, number={11}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT}, author={Islam, Mohammad S. and Bonner, James S. and Edge, Billy L. and Page, Cheryl A.}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={7863–7876} }
 @article{oaks_edge_lynett_2012, title={Evaluation of the Structure of Levee Transitions on Wave Run-Up and Overtopping by Physical Modeling}, volume={138}, ISSN={0733-950X 1943-5460}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000103}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000103}, abstractNote={Coastal regions are continually plagued by high water levels induced by river flooding or hurricane-induced storm surge. As with any protective structure, it is essential to understand potential problematic locations that could result in structural failure and devastating loss. Common coastal protective systems are composed of floodwalls and levees, for each of which practiced methodologies have been used to estimate their performance under design conditions. Methodologies concerning spatial variability are limited, however, and transitions where earthen levees merge with floodwalls are considered areas vulnerable to erosion and possible breaching. Physical modeling of a levee tran- sition is undertaken in a three-dimensional wave basin to evaluate this hypothesis, and the detailed results of this assessment are presented in this paper. From the physical model testing, analysis of the data reveals that overtopping rates tend to be larger immediately near the transition than away from it. The run-up values and floodwall wave heights tend to show potential problematic areas and mimic the variation of overtopping along the levee transition. Under the design conditions tested, extreme overtopping conditions and associated water level values indicate that for the structure to sustain the hydraulic conditions, it must be well armored. It is shown that the variation of the still water level plays the largest role in the magnitude of the measured values, and increasing the peak wave period and wave heights also yields greater overtopping and water levels at the structure. This study highlights the need to understand specific spatial variability along coastal protective systems, and provides a better understanding of the mechanisms affecting overtopping for the specific structure tested. DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000103. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Oaks, Drake and Edge, Billy and Lynett, Patrick}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={53–62} }
 @article{mousavi_irish_frey_olivera_edge_2011, title={Global warming and hurricanes: the potential impact of hurricane intensification and sea level rise on coastal flooding}, volume={104}, ISSN={0165-0009 1573-1480}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10584-009-9790-0}, DOI={10.1007/S10584-009-9790-0}, number={3-4}, journal={Climatic Change}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Mousavi, Mir Emad and Irish, Jennifer L. and Frey, Ashley E. and Olivera, Francisco and Edge, Billy L.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={575–597} }
 @inproceedings{edge_eskijian_boudreau_carbuccia_jaradat_percher_serrano_arulmoli_2011, title={Investigation of the Damage to Areas of Coastal Chile Due to the Maule MW 8.8 Earthquake of February 27, 2010}, ISBN={9780784411858}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41185(417)31}, DOI={10.1061/41185(417)31}, abstractNote={This paper summarizes the findings of an ASCE/COPRI team assembled to investigate the coastal impacts of the magnitude 8.8 Chilean earthquake and tsunami of February 27, 2010. The visit was made six weeks after the event, and included 6 days in the field. Observations included port/harbor pile-supported structures, breakwaters and sea walls, coastal zone damage, and other damage, including damage and observations associated with the tsunami. Ten sites were investigated: Talcahuano, San Vincente, Dichato, Port of Lirquen, Port of Coronel, Isla Santa Maria, Punta Tumbes, Port of Valparaiso, and Port of San Antonio. Coastal zone damage was assessed on the Isla Santa Maria, and the Chilean mainland at Talcahuano, Dichato, and Punta Tumbes. Port facilities were assessed for structural, geotechnical, and tsunami related damage. The team also visited with local universities in Concepcion, Valparaiso, and Santiago and met with the Ministry of Public Works.}, booktitle={Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2011}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Edge, Billy and Eskijian, Martin and Boudreau, Russ and Carbuccia, Miguel and Jaradat, Omar and Percher, Marc and Serrano, Jaime and Arulmoli, Arul}, year={2011}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{edge_white_2011, title={Renewable Ocean Energy}, ISBN={9780784411902}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41190(422)85}, DOI={10.1061/41190(422)85}, abstractNote={The oceans’ systems offer significant potential for electrical power generation for hydrokinetic, ocean current and ocean thermal energy. Currently, the technologic readiness is premature for implementation on a grid scale. There has been limited testing of tidal and wave devices in the US on the east and west coasts. However no full-scale field tests for ocean current have been conducted. There is ample opportunity for crosscutting, multidisciplinary research and development to bring ocean energy to the grid. The North Carolina Legislature has taken the initiative to create the opportunity for exploring renewable ocean energy for the mid-Atlantic region and specifically for the State by funding a significant research program primarily directed at the technology.}, booktitle={Coastal Engineering Practice (2011)}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Edge, Billy L. and White, Nancy M.}, year={2011}, month={Aug} }
 @article{dean_rosati_walton_edge_2010, title={Erosional equivalences of levees: Steady and intermittent wave overtopping}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0029-8018"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.07.016}, abstractNote={Present criteria for acceptable grass covered levee overtopping are based on average overtopping values but do not include the effect of overtopping duration. This paper applies experimental steady state results for acceptable overtopping to the case of intermittent wave overtopping. Laboratory results consisting of velocities and durations for acceptable land side levee erosion due to steady flows are examined to determine the physical basis for the erosion. Three bases are examined: (1) velocity above a threshold value, (2) shear stress above a threshold value, and (3) work above a threshold value. The work basis provides the best agreement with the data and a threshold work value and a work index representing the summation of the product of work above the threshold and time are developed. The governing equations for flow down the land side of a levee establish that the flows near the land side levee toe will be supercritical. Wave runup is considered to be Rayleigh distributed with the runup above the levee crest serving as a surrogate for overtopping. Two examples illustrating application of the methodology are presented. Example 1 considers three qualities of grass cover: good, average, and poor. The required levee elevations for these three covers differ by 1.8 m. The results for Example 1 are compared with the empirical criteria of 0.1 liters per second per meter (l/s per m), 1.0 l/s per m, and 10.0 l/s per m. It is found that the required crest elevation by the methodology recommended herein for the “poor” cover is only slightly lower than for the criterion for average overtopping of q=10.0 l/s per m but significantly lower than for the overtopping criterion of 1.0 and 0.1 m/s per m. Example 2 considers two durations of the peak surge with the result that the longer duration peak surge requires a levee that is higher by approximately 0.8 m.}, number={1}, journal={OCEAN ENGINEERING}, author={Dean, R. G. and Rosati, J. D. and Walton, T. L. and Edge, B. L.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={104–113} }
 @article{irish_frey_rosati_olivera_dunkin_kaihatu_ferreira_edge_2010, title={Potential implications of global warming and barrier island degradation on future hurricane inundation, property damages, and population impacted}, volume={53}, ISSN={0964-5691}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.08.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.08.001}, abstractNote={Hurricane flooding is a leading natural threat to coastal communities. Recent evidence of sea level rise coupled with potential future global warming indicate that sea level rise will accelerate and hurricanes may intensify over the coming decades. In regions fronted by barrier islands, the protective capacity of these islands may diminish as they are degraded by rising sea level. Here we present a hydrodynamic and geospatial analysis of the relative role of barrier island degradation on potential future hurricane flooding. For the City of Corpus Christi, Texas, USA, hurricane flooding is projected to rise between 20% and 70% by the 2030s, resulting in an increase in property damages and impacted population. These findings indicate that adaptive management strategies should be developed and adopted for mitigating loss of natural barrier islands when these islands act as protective features for populated bayside communities. Finally, this study illustrates a method for applying models to forecast future storm protection benefits of barrier island restoration projects.}, number={10}, journal={Ocean & Coastal Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Irish, Jennifer L. and Frey, Ashley E. and Rosati, Julie D. and Olivera, Francisco and Dunkin, Lauren M. and Kaihatu, James M. and Ferreira, Celso M. and Edge, Billy L.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={645–657} }
 @article{yeh_chang_henriksen_edge_chang_silver_vargas_2009, title={Large-scale laboratory experiment on erosion of sand beds by moving circular vertical jets}, volume={36}, ISSN={0029-8018}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.11.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.11.006}, abstractNote={This study investigates the topographic deformation due to the erosion of a sand bed impinged by a moving submerged turbulent round jet in a large-scale laboratory. The test conditions represent the case of discharges beneath a vessel while operating in water with a limited clearance such as a shallow navigation channel. The jet moves horizontally and discharges water vertically downward towards the bed. The distance between the jet nozzle and the bed equals six times the jet diameter so the jet flow is in the potential core region. The speed of the jet horizontal motion was varied to examine its effect on the scour profile. The characteristic lengths of the scour profile in the asymptotic state were determined by modifying the empirical formulas in Aderibigbe and Rajaratnam [1996. Erosion of loose beds by submerged circular impinging vertical turbulent jets. Journal of Hydraulic Research 34(1), 19–33]. The maximum scour depth, the scour hole radius, and the ridge height were found to be a function of the ratio of the jet exit to jet translation velocities and were modeled using a hyperbolic function. Empirical equations describing the scour profile were developed and the scour profile was found to be self-similar when normalized by appropriate length scales.}, number={3-4}, journal={Ocean Engineering}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yeh, Po-Hung and Chang, Kuang-An and Henriksen, John and Edge, Billy and Chang, Peter and Silver, Andrew and Vargas, Abel}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={248–255} }
 @inproceedings{edge_park_overton_2007, title={Experimental Study of Overwash}, ISBN={9780784409268}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)163}, DOI={10.1061/40926(239)163}, abstractNote={Overwash induced by storm conditions is one mechanism causing coastline change with cross-shore erosion and deposition. Many field studies have been conducted but laboratory experiments are few. This experimental study was conducted for estimation of eroded sand volume by overwash. The experiments were conducted at two different wave heights and four different wave periods in two different slopes of beach face for regular and irregular waves. The experiments were done in a 2D wave tank on mid-scale at Texas A&M University. The measured data from 32 different tests were used to analyze the characteristics of overwash.}, booktitle={Coastal Sediments '07}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Edge, Billy L. and Park, Young Hyun and Overton, Margery}, year={2007}, month={May} }
 @article{davis_edge_chen_2007, title={Investigation of unrestrained cylinders rolling in steady uniform flows}, volume={34}, ISSN={0029-8018}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2006.10.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.oceaneng.2006.10.002}, abstractNote={The goal of this study is to understand the movement of unexploded ordnance that may become unburied and forced by currents. Symmetrical, smooth, finite-length, unrestrained cylinders were studied in steady, uniform flows over a range of Reynolds numbers in a smooth-bottomed, horizontal flume. The study uses PIV tracking methods in the laboratory to identify the movement of ordnance simulated by unrestrained cylinders. The PIV is supported with a numerical analysis using a RANS flow solver. The simulations showed that at low Reynolds numbers the cylinders should roll at speeds near 70% of the free-stream flow.}, number={10}, journal={Ocean Engineering}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Davis, Jack E. and Edge, Billy L. and Chen, Hamn-Ching}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={1431–1448} }
 @inproceedings{kite, ii_edge_mears_2007, title={Sediment and Shoaling Processes: Bolivar Ferry Terminal, Galveston, Texas}, ISBN={9780784408346}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40834(238)51}, DOI={10.1061/40834(238)51}, abstractNote={The Bolivar Ferry Terminal Sediment and Shoaling Study aimed at understanding the cause of the ongoing shoaling and sedimentation within two existing ferry landings and determining the effects of adding a third landing with a reconfigured breakwater system. Compounding the shoaling effects was the proximity of the dredge material placement area located less than 1,000 feet south of the terminal. Already under construction (2005-2007) shoaling was an ongoing concern highlighted by the planned reconfiguration of the ferry terminal. The Galveston-Bolivar Ferry service, located in Galveston County Texas, provides transportation between Galveston Island and Bolivar Peninsula for local residents and tourists using up to six ferries. The Bolivar Ferry Terminal is sited within the throat of the Galveston Inlet where tidal velocities are at a maximum, increasing deposition within the supporting structures of the ferry landings. Determining the complex forces in and around the ferry terminal, for longshore transport, a hydrodynamic model was utilized to analyze and provide solutions for several short term and long term circulation issues. The placement of future dredge material and the resolve of the appropriate reconfiguration to reduce or eliminate the shoaling within the terminal were two of the primary issues.}, booktitle={Ports 2007}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Kite, II, R. D. and Edge, B. L. and Mears, W. D.}, year={2007}, month={Mar} }
 @article{pandoe_edge_2004, title={Cohesive sediment transport in the 3D-hydrodynamic-baroclinic circulation model,}, volume={31}, ISSN={0029-8018}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.04.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.04.007}, abstractNote={This work provides a general hydrodynamic circulation model that can be used to understand density driven flows, which may arise in the case of suspension of fine-grained materials. The research is expected to provide a better understanding of the characteristics of spatial and temporal variability of current, which is associated with the period of ebb and flood tidal cycles. The model development includes extending the existing three-dimensional (3D) ADCIRC model with (1) baroclinic forcing term and (2) transport module of suspended and soluble materials. The transport module covers the erosion, material suspension and deposition processes for cohesive type sediment. In the case of an idealized tidal inlet in stratified water, the inclusion of baroclinic term can demonstrate the prevailing longshore sediment transport. It is shown that the model has application to the transport of the cohesive sediments from the mouth of the Mississippi River along the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico towards and along the Texas coast.}, number={17-18}, journal={Ocean Engineering}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Pandoe, Wahyu W. and Edge, Billy L.}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={2227–2252} }