@article{ungemach_dannemiller_rasche_farber_griffin_ozawa_2024, title={Successful treatment of forelimb osteochondroma in a ferret (<i> Mustela</i> putorius furo) )}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1946-9837"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100904}, DOI={10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100904}, abstractNote={A 1-year-old male neutered ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was evaluated for an abnormal left cubital joint. Radiographs demonstrated a proliferative osseous lesion of the left proximal antebrachium. Computed tomography confirmed a large thin-walled expansile osseous lesion of the left proximal radius and identified multifocal proliferative lesions of the axial spine, two of which caused spinal cord compression. A left forelimb amputation with total scapulectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed a well-demarcated mass with a thin rim of mature lamellar bone and a discontinuous cartilage cap covered by a perichondrial/periosteal membrane continuous with the adjacent bone. Findings were most consistent with an osteochondroma or osteochondromatosis (i.e., multiple cartilaginous exostoses, hereditary multiple exostoses). No evidence of malignant transformation was observed within this specimen. Three months post-surgery, verbal correspondence with the owner confirmed return to normal activity level and no emergence of neurological signs. Repeat examination and imaging were recommended.}, journal={TOPICS IN COMPANION ANIMAL MEDICINE}, author={Ungemach, Alyssa and Dannemiller, Nicholas and Rasche, Brittany and Farber, Esther and Griffin, Chris and Ozawa, Sarah}, year={2024} }
 @misc{rasche_murillo_watanabe_2023, title={Beak fracture associated with leiomyosarcoma in a budgerigar (<i>Melopsittacus undulatus</i>): a case report and literature review}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2023.1309185}, abstractNote={A 2-year-old male budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) died after a 1-day history of fracture of the rostral rhinotheca with pale mucous membranes, dyspnea, dull mentation, and ataxia. Histopathology revealed an infiltrative neoplasm composed of interweaving streams of spindle cells effacing the dermis and bone of the rostral upper beak as well as a ganglion and two cranial nerves. No visceral metastasis was observed. Neoplastic cells exhibited strong cytoplasmic immunolabeling for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and lacked immunolabeling for S100, Melan-A, PNL2, and cytokeratin AE1/AE3. These findings were consistent with a locally invasive leiomyosarcoma Leiomyosarcomas arise from the smooth muscle and are locally invasive with rare metastases. In birds, leiomyosarcomas are mostly reported to arise from the spleen, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts. In the case report herein, we describe the histological and immunohistochemical features of a primary beak leiomyosarcoma in a budgerigar associated with a fracture located at the rostral rhinotheca. Leiomyosarcoma arising from the beak has not been described in the literature.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Rasche, Brittany L. and Murillo, Daniel Felipe Barrantes and Watanabe, Tatiane Terumi Negrao}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{tucker_baja_rasche_watanabe_harrell_2023, title={Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia with severe thrombocytopenia in a Pembroke Welsh Corgi}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2052-6121"]}, DOI={10.1002/vrc2.727}, abstractNote={AbstractAn 8‐year‐old, female, spayed Pembroke Welsh Corgi presented for a 3‐day history of worsening lethargy and pale pink mucous membranes. Hematological analysis revealed a normocytic, normochromic, regenerative anaemia, positive saline agglutination and marked thrombocytopenia, supportive of a diagnosis of immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, either as a secondary result of immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia or an additional immune‐mediated process. Due to continued decreases in packed cell volume despite immunosuppressive therapy and packed red blood cell transfusion, euthanasia was elected. Gross postmortem examination revealed cutaneous and visceral petechiae to ecchymoses, visceral icterus, and moderate splenomegaly. Microscopically, the bone marrow was hypercellular with moderate to marked increase in numbers of erythroid lineage cells relative to myeloid lineage cells. Few macrophages displayed erythrophagia. Given the drastically worsening thrombocytopenia, immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia was considered more likely, but this could not be entirely verified. This presentation of immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia with thrombocytopenia illustrates the clinical diagnosis and management of immune‐mediated haematological diseases in dogs.}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS}, author={Tucker, Samuel M. and Baja, Alexie J. and Rasche, Brittany L. and Watanabe, Tatiane Terumi Negrao and Harrell, Karyn A.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{rasche_mozzachio_linder_2022, title={Cutaneous mast cell tumors in 11 miniature pigs: a retrospective study}, ISSN={["1943-4936"]}, DOI={10.1177/10406387221079255}, abstractNote={ Better understanding of mast cell tumors (MCTs) in miniature pigs is needed to guide diagnosis and establish clinical significance. We characterized the gross pathology, histopathology, histochemical staining, and KIT immunoreactivity of cutaneous MCTs in a retrospective descriptive study of 11 miniature pigs ( Sus scrofa domesticus). Tumors were single or multiple papules, small nodules, or plaques. In one pig, lymph nodes and internal organs were affected. Histologically, all MCTs involved the dermis, and some extended to the subcutis (4 of 11) and skeletal muscle (1 of 11). Most tumors were well-demarcated, unencapsulated, nodular or multinodular masses (8 of 11) and fewer were poorly demarcated plaques (3 of 11). Neoplastic cells were often well-differentiated with pale amphophilic-to-eosinophilic faintly granular cytoplasm, occasional binucleation, rare multinucleation, and a low mitotic count (<7 per 10 hpf; 10 of 11). Eosinophils were present in tumors in all cases. Cytoplasmic granules stained most consistently with high-pH (2.5–3) toluidine blue (9 of 10) compared to low-pH (0.5–1) toluidine blue (6 of 9) or Giemsa (7 of 10). KIT immunoreactivity patterns were strong perimembranous (4 of 8), focal perinuclear and stippled cytoplasmic (1 of 8), and diffuse cytoplasmic (3 of 8), and included 1 case that was negative for histochemical stains; hence, KIT is a promising diagnostic marker for MCTs in miniature pigs. }, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION}, author={Rasche, Brittany L. and Mozzachio, Kristie and Linder, Keith E.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{parsley_rasche_yang_gruber_2022, title={What is your diagnosis? Ovarian mass in a mare}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1939-165X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13161}, DOI={10.1111/vcp.13161}, abstractNote={An 18-year-old Hanoverian mare was referred to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital for removal of an intra-abdominal mass after an initial assessment for a 6-month history of stallion-like behavior, including increased kicking, striking, biting, and bucking when riding. Rectal palpation and ultrasound revealed a large multicystic mass in the region of the right ovary. Physical exam and CBC were unremarkable, and the mass was removed by standing laparoscopic surgery. The mass was 25 × 20 × 17 cm, had a smooth surface, and on cross-section contained many variably sized cystic structures containing watery, translucent, yellow fluid, or occasionally red-tinged fluid. Fine-needle aspiration of tissue with cytocentrifuged fluid from adjacent cystic structures was obtained (Figure 1). The sample is of moderate cellularity consisting of frequent loosely cohesive clusters of cells that are disorganized or occasionally forming rosette-like arrangements and associated with the wispy magenta matrix, scattered individualized leukocytes, and a moderate amount of blood on a bright pink stippled proteinaceous background. Cells in clusters are oval to polygonal, with a moderate nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and variably distinct borders. They contain a single uniform round nucleus with coarse chromatin and have a moderate amount of pale blue cytoplasm with fine, clear vacuoles or occasionally several larger clear, distinct vacuoles. Cells display mild anisokaryosis and mild anisocytosis. Also present are low numbers of macrophages. Histologic examination reveals a poorly demarcated neoplasm expanding and almost completely effacing the ovarian parenchyma. The neoplasm consists of polyhedral cells arranged in variably-sized cystic structures (macrofollicular pattern) and smaller round to irregular solid islands supported by a moderate amount of fibrovascular stroma (Figure 2). The cystic structures are lined by multiple layers of neoplastic cells with peripheral palisading. Neoplastic cells have a small to moderate amount of finely vacuolated pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei with stippled chromatin and 0–1 small nucleoli (granulosa cells). Neoplastic granulosa cells exhibit mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis with 2 mitotic figures in 10 high magnification fields (2.37 mm2). Occasionally surrounding neoplastic islands and cystic structures is a layer of moderately cellular streaming spindle cells with scant wispy eosinophilic cytoplasm (presumed theca cells). These cells occasionally have a moderate amount of hypereosinophilic cytoplasm with small discrete lipid vacuoles (presumed luteinized theca cells). The neoplastic granulosa cells show immunoreactivity for vimentin, pancytokeratin, inhibin-α, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Theca cells only show immunoreactivity for vimentin (Figure 3). The final diagnosis was granulosa-theca cell tumor. Primary ovarian neoplasms are classified into one of three histologic tumor types: epithelial, germ cell, and sex cord-stromal tumors.1-3 The granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a sex cord-stromal tumor and is by far the most common tumor of the equine ovary.1, 3 GCTs are generally benign tumors that occur more frequently in older mares, although they can occur at any age.1, 3 When these tumors contain a significant theca cell component in addition to granulosa cells, they are referred to as granulosa-theca cell tumors (GTCTs), although some authors use GCT interchangeably with GTCT.2, 3 When present, increased numbers of theca cells may be associated with an increase in blood testosterone (often >100 pg/mL), which, in turn, is associated with stallion-like behavior.2 In this case, the histologic theca cell component and behavioral abnormalities are consistent with the more specific diagnosis of granulosa-theca cell tumor. Cytology of a GCT has been minimally described in the veterinary literature,4 and rarely described in horses.5 In dogs, cells from GCTs exfoliate individually or in loose clusters, with occasional rosette-like arrangements, and are oval to polygonal with round nuclei, coarsely stippled chromatin, and a small to moderate amount of lightly basophilic cytoplasm containing a few discrete vacuoles.4, 6 These features were seen in this case and supported the diagnosis of a granulosa cell tumor. Call-Exner bodies, eosinophilic proteinaceous material deposits surrounded by granulosa cells, are frequently observed in histologic samples but rarely reported in cytologic samples.3, 5 Call-Exner bodies were not observed in either cytologic or histologic samples in this case. Although Call-Exner bodies are a useful diagnostic feature, their absence does not rule out a GCT.3 The histology of GCTs is described as resembling disorganized follicle formation, consisting of irregular accumulations of granulosa cells in sheets, cords, trabeculae, or nests with supporting stromal cells. Granulosa cells are vimentin-positive and variably cytokeratin positive; theca cells are vimentin-positive with no cytokeratin positivity.3 Other useful IHC markers include inhibin–α and AMH (also called Müllerian-inhibiting substance), which both show cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in granulosa cells, as observed in this case.3, 7 Other differentials for equine ovarian tumors include teratoma (germ cell) or cystadenoma (epithelial). Rarely, adenocarcinomas (epithelial), dysgerminomas (germ cell), and others have been reported.1, 2 Cytologically, germ cell tumors may appear as large individual round to ovoid cells with a large round nucleus, which is inconsistent with the findings in this case. Cystadenomas and adenocarcinomas may be cystic to multicystic in nature; however, the morphology and indistinct borders of the cells, in this case, are not consistent with these lesions.2}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Parsley, Ashley L. and Rasche, Brittany L. and Yang, Tzushan S. and Gruber, Erika J.}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{rasche_tucker_linder_harrison_negrao watanabe_2021, title={Case Report: Pulmonary Conidiobolomycosis in a Vietnamese Pot-Bellied Pig}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2021.799641}, abstractNote={An adult castrated male Vietnamese pot-bellied pig had a 1-week history of acute dyspnea and lethargy. Minimal diagnostic testing was authorized by the owner, resulting in treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Partial improvement was observed after a week; however, the pig died 2 weeks after the initial onset of clinical signs. Macroscopically, ~90% of the left lung was effaced by large masses with a caseonecrotic center. Histologic examination revealed eosinophilic granulomas with myriad, intralesional, negatively staining hyphae highlighted by “sleeves” of hypereosinophilic material (Splendore-Hoeppli material). Infection with an oomycete or “zygomycete” (i.e., organisms of the order Entomophthorales or Mucorales) was initially considered. Pan-fungal PCR and sequencing performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue identified Conidiobolus spp., consistent with a diagnosis of primary pulmonary conidiobolomycosis. There are only a few reports of infections with Conidiobolus spp. (and other members of the order Entomophthorales) in swine. Unlike humans and other animal species, conidiobolomycosis in pigs presents more commonly as a primary pulmonary disease rather than rhinofacial or nasopharyngeal disease.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Rasche, Brittany L. and Tucker, Samuel M. and Linder, Keith and Harrison, Tara M. and Negrao Watanabe, Tatiane Terumi}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{rasche_parker_lewbart_petritz_watanabe_2022, title={Pathology in Practice}, volume={260}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.21.07.0328}, number={3}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Rasche, Brittany L. and Parker, Maryanna and Lewbart, Gregory A. and Petritz, Olivia and Watanabe, Tatiane Terumi Negrao}, year={2022}, month={Feb}, pages={305–307} }