@article{fesmire_peal_ruff_moyer_mcparland_derks_o'neil_emke_johnson_ghosh_et al._2024, title={Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2024.1232650}, abstractNote={Introduction Integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation (INSPIRE) is a novel tumor ablation modality that employs high voltage, alternating polarity waveforms to induce cell death in a well-defined volume while sparing the underlying tissue. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of INSPIRE against spontaneous melanoma in standing, awake horses. Methods A custom applicator and a pulse generation system were utilized in a pilot study to treat horses presenting with spontaneous melanoma. INSPIRE treatments were administered to 32 tumors across 6 horses and an additional 13 tumors were followed to act as untreated controls. Tumors were tracked over a 43–85 day period following a single INSPIRE treatment. Pulse widths of 500ns and 2000ns with voltages between 1000 V and 2000 V were investigated to determine the effect of these variables on treatment outcomes. Results Treatments administered at the lowest voltage (1000 V) reduced tumor volumes by 11 to 15%. Higher voltage (2000 V) treatments reduced tumor volumes by 84 to 88% and eliminated 33% and 80% of tumors when 500 ns and 2000 ns pulses were administered, respectively. Discussion Promising results were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutics, the use of general anesthesia, or the need for surgical resection in regions which are challenging to keep sterile. This novel therapeutic approach has the potential to expand the role of pulsed electric fields in veterinary patients, especially when general anesthesia is contraindicated, and warrants future studies to demonstrate the efficacy of INSPIRE as a solid tumor treatment.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Fesmire, Chris C. and Peal, Bridgette and Ruff, Jennifer and Moyer, Elizabeth and McParland, Thomas J. and Derks, Kobi and O'Neil, Erin and Emke, Carrie and Johnson, Brianna and Ghosh, Shatorupa and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{peal_gagliardi_su_fortier_delco_nixon_reesink_2020, title={Synovial fluid lubricin and hyaluronan are altered in equine osteochondral fragmentation, cartilage impact injury, and full-thickness cartilage defect models}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1554-527X"]}, DOI={10.1002/jor.24597}, abstractNote={The objectives of this study were to evaluate temporal changes in lubricin, hyaluronan (HA), and HA molecular weight (MW) distributions in three distinct models of equine joint injury affecting the carpal (wrist), tarsal (ankle), and femoropatellar (knee) joints. To establish ranges for lubricin, HA, and HA MW distributions across multiple joints, we first evaluated clinically healthy, high‐motion equine joints. Synovial fluid was collected from high‐motion joints in horses without clinical signs of joint disease (n = 11 horses, 102 joints) and from research horses undergoing carpal osteochondral fragmentation (n = 8), talar cartilage impact injury (n = 7), and femoral trochlear ridge full‐thickness cartilage injury (n = 22) prior to and following arthroscopically induced joint injury. Lubricin and HA concentrations were measured via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and gel electrophoresis was performed to evaluate HA MW distributions. Synovial fluid parameters were analyzed via linear regression models, revealing that lubricin and HA concentrations were conserved across healthy, high‐motion joints. Lubricin concentrations increased post‐injury in all osteoarthritis models (carpal fragmentation P = .001; talar impact P < .001; femoral trochlear ridge cartilage defect P = .03). Sustained loss of HA was noted post‐arthroscopy following carpal osteochondral fragmentation (P < .0001) and talar impact injury (P < .001). Lubricin may be elevated to compensate for the loss of HA and to protect cartilage post‐injury. Further investigation into the mechanisms regulating lubricin and HA following joint injury and their effects on joint homeostasis is warranted, including whether lubricin has value as a biomarker for post‐traumatic osteoarthritis.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH}, author={Peal, Bridgette T. and Gagliardi, Rachel and Su, Jin and Fortier, Lisa A. and Delco, Michelle L. and Nixon, Alan J. and Reesink, Heidi L.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1826–1835} }