@article{kendall_byron_westropp_coates_vaden_adin_oetelaar_bartges_foster_adams_et al._2024, title={ACVIM consensus statement on diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in dogs}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16975}, abstractNote={Abstract Urinary incontinence (UI) is a disorder of micturition that can occur in dogs of any age, sex, and breed depending on the underlying cause and time of onset. Diagnosis and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs have been described by multiple comprehensive single author review articles, but large prospective clinical trials comparing treatment outcomes in veterinary medicine are lacking. The objectives of this consensus statement therefore are to provide guidelines on both recommended diagnostic testing and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs. Specifically, pathophysiology directly related to the canine urinary system will be reviewed and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges will be addressed. A panel of 12 experts in the field (8 small animal internists [L. Adams, J. Bartges, A. Berent, J. Byron, J. Foster, A. Kendall, S. Vaden, J. Westropp], 2 neurologists [J. Coates, N. Olby], 1 radiologist [G. Oetelaar], and 1 surgeon [C. Adin]) was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer‐reviewed literature and to complement it with consensus recommendations using the Delphi method. Some statements were not voted on by all panelists. This consensus statement aims to provide guidance for management of both male and female dogs with underlying storage or voiding disorders resulting in UI.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Kendall, Allison and Byron, Julie K. and Westropp, Jodi L. and Coates, Joan R. and Vaden, Shelly and Adin, Chris and Oetelaar, Garrett and Bartges, Joe W. and Foster, Jonathan D. and Adams, Larry G. and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{zhang_wang_lanzoni_wauthier_simpson_ezzell_allen_suitt_krolik_jhirad_et al._2023, title={A postnatal network of co-hepato/pancreatic stem/progenitors in the biliary trees of pigs and humans}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2057-3995"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41536-023-00303-5}, abstractNote={Abstract A network of co-hepato/pancreatic stem/progenitors exists in pigs and humans in Brunner’s Glands in the submucosa of the duodenum, in peribiliary glands (PBGs) of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary trees, and in pancreatic duct glands (PDGs) of intrapancreatic biliary trees, collectively supporting hepatic and pancreatic regeneration postnatally. The network is found in humans postnatally throughout life and, so far, has been demonstrated in pigs postnatally at least through to young adulthood. These stem/progenitors in vivo in pigs are in highest numbers in Brunner’s Glands and in PDGs nearest the duodenum, and in humans are in Brunner’s Glands and in PBGs in the hepato/pancreatic common duct, a duct missing postnatally in pigs. Elsewhere in PDGs in pigs and in all PDGs in humans are only committed unipotent or bipotent progenitors. Stem/progenitors have genetic signatures in liver/pancreas-related RNA-seq data based on correlation, hierarchical clustering, differential gene expression and principal component analyses (PCA). Gene expression includes representative traits of pluripotency genes (SOX2, OCT4), endodermal transcription factors (e.g. SOX9, SOX17, PDX1), other stem cell traits (e.g. NCAM, CD44, sodium iodide symporter or NIS), and proliferation biomarkers (Ki67). Hepato/pancreatic multipotentiality was demonstrated by the stem/progenitors’ responses under distinct ex vivo conditions or in vivo when patch grafted as organoids onto the liver versus the pancreas. Therefore, pigs are logical hosts for translational/preclinical studies for cell therapies with these stem/progenitors for hepatic and pancreatic dysfunctions.}, number={1}, journal={NPJ REGENERATIVE MEDICINE}, author={Zhang, Wencheng and Wang, Xicheng and Lanzoni, Giacomo and Wauthier, Eliane and Simpson, Sean and Ezzell, Jennifer Ashley and Allen, Amanda and Suitt, Carolyn and Krolik, Jonah and Jhirad, Alexander and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{zhang_lanzoni_hani_overi_cardinale_simpson_pitman_allen_yi_wang_et al._2021, title={Patch grafting, strategies for transplantation of organoids into solid organs such as liver}, volume={277}, ISSN={["1878-5905"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121067}, abstractNote={Epithelial cell therapies have been at an impasse because of inefficient methods of transplantation to solid organs. Patch grafting strategies were established enabling transplantation of ≥107th organoids/patch of porcine GFP+ biliary tree stem/progenitors into livers of wild type hosts. Grafts consisted of organoids embedded in soft (~100 Pa) hyaluronan hydrogels, both prepared in serum-free Kubota's Medium; placed against target sites; covered with a silk backing impregnated with more rigid hyaluronan hydrogels (~700 Pa); and use of the backing to tether grafts with sutures or glue to target sites. Hyaluronan coatings (~200-300 Pa) onto the serosal surface of the graft served to minimize adhesions with neighboring organs. The organ's clearance of hyaluronans enabled restoration of tissue-specific paracrine and systemic signaling, resulting in return of normal hepatic histology, with donor parenchymal cells uniformly integrated amidst host cells and that had differentiated to mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Grafts containing donor mature hepatocytes, partnered with endothelia, and in the same graft biomaterials as for stem/progenitor organoids, did not engraft. Engraftment occurred if porcine liver-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were co-transplanted with donor mature cells. RNA-seq analyses revealed that engraftment correlated with expression of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially secreted isoforms that were found expressed strongly by organoids, less so by MSCs, and minimally, if at all, by adult cells. Engraftment with patch grafting strategies occurred without evidence of emboli or ectopic cell distribution. It was successful with stem/progenitor organoids or with cells with a source(s) of secreted MMP isoforms and offers significant potential for enabling cell therapies for solid organs.}, journal={BIOMATERIALS}, author={Zhang, Wencheng and Lanzoni, Giacomo and Hani, Homayoun and Overi, Diletta and Cardinale, Vincenzo and Simpson, Sean and Pitman, Wendy and Allen, Amanda and Yi, Xianwen and Wang, Xicheng and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{adin_royal_adin_2020, title={Cross-Sectional Assessment of the Emotional Intelligence of Fourth-Year Veterinary Students and Veterinary House Officers in a Teaching Hospital}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1943-7218"]}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.0518-065r}, abstractNote={Emotional intelligence (EI) is the recognition and management of emotions. This skill set is important to work relationships and professional success. In this cross-sectional, observational study, we investigated EI scores of 4th-year veterinary students, interns, and residents in a teaching hospital, using a psychometric tool with professional population norms. Participants' EI scores were compared with professional norms and between the sample groups. Scores were examined on the basis of demographics and residency program type. Twenty-four 4th-year students and 43 interns and residents completed the survey. Total, composite, and subscale scores for all groups were lower than professional means. We noted no statistically significant differences in EI scores between training levels, but evaluation of effect sizes showed a medium negative effect of higher training levels on Self-Perception Composite, Self-Regard, Emotional Expression, Interpersonal Composite, Flexibility, and Optimism and a medium positive effect of higher training levels on Impulse Control. Medium effects for residency type were found for Stress Tolerance, Flexibility, and Stress Management, with higher scores for residencies with heavy inpatient loads. Medium effects for residency type were found on Flexibility scores, with higher scores for residents in disciplines with a perceived high stress level. We found that baseline EI scores of 4th-year veterinary students, interns, and residents at a teaching hospital were similar to, but uniformly lower than, those of other professionals and did not increase with training level. These results may be used to build on strengths and address weaknesses associated with EI of students and house officers at this institution.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION}, author={Adin, Darcy B. and Royal, Kenneth D. and Adin, Christopher A.}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={193–201} }
 @article{adin_moga_keene_fogle_hopkinson_weyhrauch_marks_ruderman_rosoff_2019, title={Clinical ethics consultation in a tertiary care veterinary teaching hospital}, volume={254}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.254.1.52}, number={1}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Adin, Christopher A. and Moga, Jeannine L. and Keene, Bruce W. and Fogle, Callie A. and Hopkinson, Heather R. and Weyhrauch, Charity A. and Marks, Steven L. and Ruderman, Rachel J. and Rosoff, Philip M.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={52–60} }
 @article{jones_adin_thompson_robertson_rivas_2019, title={Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Characterization of Dermoid Sinuses in Two Dogs}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1547-3317"]}, DOI={10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6891}, abstractNote={A 6 mo old male castrated bloodhound-Rhodesian ridgeback mix (case 1) presented for a mass suspected to be a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region, and a 2.5 yr old male castrated Rhodesian ridgeback (case 2) presented for a mass suspected to be a dorsal cervical dermoid sinus. Both dogs underwent single-phase contrast computed tomography (CT) to characterize the extent of the dermoid sinus prior to surgical excision. Soft tissue and bony abnormalities of the vertebral spine associated with the dermoid sinuses were confirmed in both dogs prior to surgery, demonstrating communication with the dura of the spinal cord. Surgical exploration and excision of the dermoid sinus was performed in each dog, including partial laminectomy. Both cases had resolution of the sinus and an uncomplicated recovery. These cases show that single-phase contrast CT was accurate in characterizing the extent of the dermoid sinus without adjunctive tests or more invasive diagnostics. Single-phase contrast CT should be considered as a preoperative method to characterize the extent of dermoid sinuses, avoiding the risks associated with myelography or fistulography and the expense of MRI. This is also the first report of a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region and the first in a bloodhound and Rhodesian ridgeback mix.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Jones, Susan and Adin, Christopher and Thompson, Elizabeth and Robertson, Ian and Rivas, Rudy}, year={2019} }
 @article{crivellenti_cianciolo_wittum_lees_adin_2018, title={Associations of patient characteristics, disease stage, and biopsy technique with the diagnostic quality of core needle renal biopsy specimens from dogs with suspected kidney disease}, volume={252}, DOI={10.2460/javma.252.1.67}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To identify factors affecting the diagnostic quality of core needle renal biopsy specimens from dogs with suspected kidney disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 522 client-owned dogs with suspected kidney disease for which core needle renal biopsy specimens (n = 1,089) were submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service for evaluation and inclusion in their database. PROCEDURES Data regarding dog signalment, clinical variables, biopsy method, needle brand and gauge, biopsy results, and other variables were extracted from the database. Variables were tested for association with 3 outcomes of light microscopic evaluation of core specimens: number of glomeruli per core specimen, obtainment of < 10 glomeruli, and presence or absence of renal medullary tissue. RESULTS Number of glomeruli per core specimen was significantly associated with needle gauge, dog age, serum creatinine concentration, and degree of proteinuria, whereas biopsy method and submitting hospital were significantly associated with the presence of renal medullary tissue in specimens. Mean numbers of glomeruli per core specimen obtained with 14- or 16-gauge needles were similar, but both were significantly greater than the mean number obtained with 18-gauge needles. Needle gauge had a similar association with the likelihood of obtaining < 10 glomeruli in a core specimen. Specimens obtained via laparotomy or laparoscopic approaches more commonly contained medullary tissue than those obtained by ultrasound-guided approaches. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, findings suggested that ultrasound-guided biopsy with a 16-gauge needle should maximize the diagnostic quality of renal biopsy specimens from dogs with suspected kidney disease, while avoiding potential adverse effects caused by larger needles.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Crivellenti, L. Z. and Cianciolo, R. and Wittum, T. and Lees, G. E. and Adin, C. A.}, year={2018}, pages={67–74} }
 @misc{adin_fogle_marks_2018, title={Duty hours restriction for our surgical trainees: An ethical obligation or a bad idea?}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12781}, abstractNote={To ensure patient safety and protect the well-being of interns and residents, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) issued guidelines in 2003 limiting the working hours of physician trainees. Although many supported the goals of the ACGME, institutions struggled to restructure their programs and hire staff required by this unfunded mandate. Numerous studies have analyzed the effects of duty hours restrictions on patient outcomes and physician training over the past 15 years. Most agree that duty hours restrictions improved well-being of house officers, but these improvements came at the expense of continuity, and patient hand-offs led to medical errors. Effects on resident training are program specific, with duty hours restrictions having the most deleterious effects on surgical disciplines. Because veterinary specialists assume a similar role in providing 24-hour patient care, interns and residents face work-related stress as a result of extended working hours, on-call duty, and an increasingly complex caseload. The North Carolina State Veterinary Hospital is staffed by approximately 100 house officers representing almost every veterinary specialty group. We surveyed departing house officers regarding their quality of life and training experience. Sixty-six percent of interns and residents reported that they do not have time to take care of personal needs, and 57%-62% felt neutral or dissatisfied with their mental and physical well-being. Most trainees believed that decreased duty hours would improve learning, but 42% believed that decreased caseload would be detrimental to training. Veterinary educators must consider post-DVM veterinary training guidelines that maintain patient care with a good learning environment for interns and residents.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Adin, Christopher A. and Fogle, Callie A. and Marks, Steven L.}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={327–332} }
 @article{rosoff_moga_keene_adin_fogle_ruderman_hopkinso_weyhrauch_2018, title={Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in a Tertiary Care Veterinary Specialty Hospital: Adaptation of the Human Clinical Consultation Committee Model}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1536-0075"]}, DOI={10.1080/15265161.2017.1409824}, abstractNote={Technological advances in veterinary medicine have produced considerable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases in animals. At the same time, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and owners of animals face increasingly complex situations that raise questions about goals of care and correct or reasonable courses of action. These dilemmas are frequently controversial and can generate conflicts between clients and health care providers. In many ways they resemble the ethical challenges confronted by human medicine and that spawned the creation of clinical ethics committees as a mechanism to analyze, discuss, and resolve disagreements. The staff of the North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital, a specialty academic teaching institution, wanted to investigate whether similar success could be achieved in the tertiary care veterinary setting. We discuss the background and rationale for this method, as well as the approach that was taken to create a clinical ethics committee.}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS}, author={Rosoff, Philip M. and Moga, Jeannine and Keene, Bruce and Adin, Christopher and Fogle, Callie and Ruderman, Rachel and Hopkinso, Heather and Weyhrauch, Charity}, year={2018}, pages={41–53} }
 @misc{rosoff_ruderman_moga_keene_adin_fogle_hopkinson_weyhrauch_2018, title={Response to Open Peer Commentaries on "Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in a Tertiary Care Veterinary Specialty Hospital: Adaptation of the Human Clinical Consultation Committee Model"}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1536-0075"]}, DOI={10.1080/15265161.2017.1413439}, abstractNote={We are gratified that our article, “Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in a Tertiary Care Veterinary Specialty Hospital: Adaptation of the Human Clinical Consultation Committee Model” (Rosoff et al. 2018),...}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS}, author={Rosoff, Philip M. and Ruderman, Rachel and Moga, Jeannine and Keene, Bruce and Adin, Christopher and Fogle, Callie and Hopkinson, Heather and Weyhrauch, Charity}, year={2018}, pages={W7–W10} }
 @article{thompson_sollinger_opara_adin_2018, title={Selective Osmotic Shock for Islet Isolation in the Cadaveric Canine Pancreas}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1555-3892"]}, DOI={10.1177/0963689717752947}, abstractNote={Currently, islet isolation is performed using harsh collagenases that cause nonspecific injury to both islets and exocrine tissue, negatively affecting the outcome of cell transplantation. We evaluated a novel islet isolation protocol utilizing high concentrations of glucose to cause selective osmotic shock (SOS). Islets have a membrane glucose transporter that allows adaptation to changes in glucose concentrations while exocrine tissue can be selectively destroyed by these osmolar shifts. Canine pancreata were obtained within 15 min after euthanasia from animals (n = 6) euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Each pancreas was divided into 4 segments that were randomized to receive 300 mOsm glucose for 20 min (group 1), 600 mOsm for 20 min (group 2), 300 mOsm for 40 min (group 3), or 600 mOsm for 40 min (group 4). Islet yield, purity, and viability were compared between groups. Mean ± standard error of the mean islet yield for groups 1 to 4 was 428 ± 159, 560 ± 257, 878 ± 443, and 990 ± 394 islet equivalents per gram, respectively. Purity ranged from 37% to 45% without the use of density gradient centrifugation and was not significantly different between groups. Islet cell viability was excellent overall (89%) and did not differ between treatment protocol. Islet function was best in groups treated with 300 mOsm of glucose (stimulation index [SI] = 3.3), suggesting that the lower concentration of glucose may be preferred for use in canine islet isolation. SOS provides a widely available means for researchers to isolate canine islets for use in islet transplantation or in studies of canine islet physiology.}, number={3}, journal={CELL TRANSPLANTATION}, author={Thompson, Elizabeth M. and Sollinger, Jennifer L. and Opara, Emmanuel C. and Adin, Christopher A.}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={542–550} }
 @article{yang_adin_shen_lee_yu_fadda_samogyi_ham_xu_gilor_et al._2017, title={Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 a1 regulates energy metabolism in adipocytes from different species}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1399-3089"]}, DOI={10.1111/xen.12318}, abstractNote={Survival and longevity of xenotransplants depend on immune function and ability to integrate energy metabolism between cells from different species. However, mechanisms for interspecies cross talk in energy metabolism are not well understood. White adipose tissue stores energy and is capable of mobilization and dissipation of energy as heat (thermogenesis) by adipocytes expressing uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). Both pathways are under the control of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes. Deficient retinoic acid production in aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (Aldh1a1) knockout adipocytes (KO) inhibits adipogenesis and increases thermogenesis. Here we test the role Aldh1a1 in regulation of lipid metabolism in xenocultures.}, number={5}, journal={XENOTRANSPLANTATION}, author={Yang, Kefeng and Adin, Christopher and Shen, Qiwen and Lee, Ly James and Yu, Lianbo and Fadda, Paolo and Samogyi, Arpad and Ham, Kathleen and Xu, Lu and Gilor, Chen and et al.}, year={2017} }
 @article{fullagar_rao_gilor_xu_he_adin_2017, title={Nano-Encapsulation of Bilirubin in Pluronic F127-Chitosan Improves Uptake in beta Cells and Increases Islet Viability and Function after Hypoxic Stress}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1555-3892"]}, DOI={10.1177/0963689717735112}, abstractNote={Pancreatic islet transplantation is the only curative, noninvasive treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus; however, high rates of cell death in the immediate postimplantation period have limited the success of this procedure. Bilirubin, an endogenous antioxidant, can improve the survival of murine pancreatic allografts during hypoxic stress but has poor solubility in aqueous solutions. We hypothesized that nano-encapsulation of bilirubin in pluronic 127–chitosan nanoparticle bilirubin (nBR) would improve uptake by murine pancreatic islet cells and improve their viability following hypoxic stress. Nano-bilirubin was synthesized, and drug release characteristics were studied in vitro. Cellular uptake of nBR was compared to free bilirubin (fBR) in an insulinoma cell line (INS-R3) model using confocal-like structured illumination microscopy. Next, C57BL/6 mouse islets were treated with concentrations of 0 to 20 μM of nBR, fBR, or empty nanoparticle (eNP), prior to incubation under standard or hypoxic conditions. Islet viability and function were compared between treatment groups. Release of bilirubin was greatest from nBR suspended in protein-rich solution. Increased, selective uptake of nBR by INS-R3 cells was demonstrated. Cell death after hypoxic stress was significantly decreased in murine islets treated with 5 μM nBR (18.5% ± 14.1) compared to untreated islets (33.5% ± 17.5%; P = 0.019), with reduction in central necrosis. Treatment group had a significant effect on glucose stimulation index [SI], (P = 0.0137) and islets treated with 5 μM nBR had the highest SI overall. Delivery of bilirubin using pluronic F127–chitosan NP improves uptake by murine islets compared to fBR and offers dose-dependent protective effects following hypoxic stress.}, number={10}, journal={CELL TRANSPLANTATION}, author={Fullagar, Bronwyn and Rao, Wei and Gilor, Chen and Xu, Feng and He, Xiaoming and Adin, Christopher A.}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={1703–1715} }
 @article{adin_vangundy_papenfuss_xu_ghanem_lakey_hadley_2017, title={Physiologic Doses of Bilirubin Contribute to Tolerance of Islet Transplants by Suppressing the Innate Immune Response}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1555-3892"]}, DOI={10.3727/096368916x692096}, abstractNote={Bilirubin has been recognized as a powerful cytoprotectant when used at physiologic doses and was recently shown to have immunomodulatory effects in islet allograft transplantation, conveying donor-specific tolerance in a murine model. We hypothesized that bilirubin, an antioxidant, acts to suppress the innate immune response to islet allografts through two mechanisms: 1) by suppressing graft release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and inflammatory cytokines, and 2) by producing a tolerogenic phenotype in antigen-presenting cells. Bilirubin was administered intraperitoneally before pancreatic procurement or was added to culture media after islet isolation in AJ mice. Islets were exposed to transplant-associated nutrient deprivation and hypoxia. Bilirubin significantly decreased islet cell death after isolation and hypoxic stress. Bilirubin supplementation of islet media also decreased the release of DAMPs (HMGB1), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), and chemokines (MCP-1). Cytoprotection was mediated by the antioxidant effects of bilirubin. Treatment of macrophages with bilirubin induced a regulatory phenotype, with increased expression of PD-L1. Coculture of these macrophages with splenocytes led to expansion of Foxp3+ Tregs. In conclusion, exogenous bilirubin supplementation showed cytoprotective and antioxidant effects in a relevant model of islet isolation and hypoxic stress. Suppression of DAMP release, alterations in cytokine profiles, and tolerogenic effects on macrophages suggest that the use of this natural antioxidant may provide a method of preconditioning to improve outcomes after allograft transplantation.}, number={1}, journal={CELL TRANSPLANTATION}, author={Adin, Christopher A. and VanGundy, Zachary C. and Papenfuss, Tracey L. and Xu, Feng and Ghanem, Mostafa and Lakey, Jonathan and Hadley, Gregg A.}, year={2017}, pages={11–21} }
 @article{huppes_crivellenti_de nardi_lima_cintra_costa castro_adin_2017, title={Radical Cystectomy and Cutaneous Ureterostomy in 4 Dogs with Trigonal Transitional Cell Carcinoma: Description of Technique and Case Series}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12583}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To describe radical cystectomy followed by cutaneous ureterostomy as a treatment of invasive bladder neoplasia in dogs.


STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective study.


ANIMALS
Client-owned dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder trigone (n=4).


METHODS
Perioperative complications and long-term outcomes of dogs that underwent cutaneous ureterostomy following radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder trigone were reviewed. Both ureters were transected and anastomosed to the ventral abdominal skin. Polyvinyl chloride catheters were placed in the ureteral stomas and maintained for 5 days. After catheter removal, dogs were managed with an absorbent diaper over the stomas. Long-term outcome and survival were documented by follow-up visits or phone contact.


RESULTS
Median age at the time of surgery was 10.3 years (range, 8-12). Average procedural time was ∼4.7 hours (range, 3.8-6.1). Minor complications occurred in all dogs, including bleeding and edema of the ureterostomy site during the first 2-3 days after surgery. One dog developed urine scald that resolved with improved stoma care and hygiene. Median survival time after surgery was 278.6 days (range, 47-498). Distant metastases were documented in 2 dogs at 47 days (bone) and 369 days (lung) after surgery.


CONCLUSION
Radical cystectomy with cutaneous ureterostomy is a viable salvage procedure for urinary diversion after cystectomy in dogs with invasive bladder neoplasia. Postoperative management and quality of life were considered acceptable by most owners. Future studies are warranted to evaluate survival time in a larger number of animals.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Huppes, Rafael Ricardo and Crivellenti, Leandro Z. and De Nardi, Andrigo Barboza and Lima, Bruno Roque and Cintra, Cristiane Alves and Costa Castro, Jorge Luiz and Adin, Christopher A.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={111–119} }
 @article{luckring_ham_adin_mcloughlin_stull_2016, title={Laparoscopic Placement and Urodynamic Effects of an Artificial Urethral Sphincter in Cadaveric Dogs}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12496}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo describe a laparoscopic approach for placement of a percutaneously controlled artificial urethral sphincter (AUS) in female cadaver dogs and compare the change in urethral pressure and lumen diameter after filling the device.}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Luckring, Emilee J. and Ham, Kathleen and Adin, Christopher A. and McLoughlin, Mary A. and Stull, Jason W.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={O20–O27} }
 @article{hall_adin_borin-crivellenti_rudinsky_rajala-schultz_lakritz_gilor_2015, title={Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in healthy cats}, volume={51}, ISSN={0739-7240}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.DOMANIEND.2014.12.001}, DOI={10.1016/J.DOMANIEND.2014.12.001}, abstractNote={Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal hormone that induces glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon secretion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 also increases beta cell mass and satiation while decelerating gastric emptying. Liraglutide is a fatty-acid derivative of GLP-1 with a protracted pharmacokinetic profile that is used in people for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of liraglutide in healthy cats. Hyperglycemic clamps were performed on days 0 (HGC) and 14 (LgHGC) in 7 healthy cats. Liraglutide was administered subcutaneously (0.6 mg/cat) once daily on days 8 through 14. Compared with the HGC (mean ± standard deviation; 455.5 ± 115.8 ng/L), insulin concentrations during LgHGC were increased (760.8 ± 350.7 ng/L; P = 0.0022), glucagon concentrations decreased (0.66 ± 0.4 pmol/L during HGC vs 0.5 ± 0.4 pmol/L during LgHGC; P = 0.0089), and there was a trend toward an increased total glucose infused (median [range] = 1.61 (1.11-2.54) g/kg and 2.25 (1.64-3.10) g/kg, respectively; P = 0.087). Appetite reduction and decreased body weight (9% ± 3%; P = 0.006) were observed in all cats. Liraglutide has similar effects and pharmacokinetics profile in cats to those reported in people. With a half-life of approximately 12 h, once daily dosing might be feasible; however, significant effects on appetite and weight loss may necessitate dosage or dosing frequency reductions. Further investigation of liraglutide in diabetic cats and overweight cats is warranted.}, journal={Domestic Animal Endocrinology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hall, M.J. and Adin, C.A. and Borin-Crivellenti, S. and Rudinsky, A.J. and Rajala-Schultz, P. and Lakritz, J. and Gilor, C.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={114–121} }
 @article{rudinsky_adin_borin-crivellenti_rajala-schultz_hall_gilor_2015, title={Pharmacology of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog exenatide extended-release in healthy cats}, volume={51}, ISSN={0739-7240}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.DOMANIEND.2014.12.003}, DOI={10.1016/J.DOMANIEND.2014.12.003}, abstractNote={Exenatide extended-release (ER) is a microencapsulated formulation of the glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonist exenatide. It has a protracted pharmacokinetic profile that allows a once-weekly injection with comparable efficacy to insulin with an improved safety profile in type II diabetic people. Here, we studied the pharmacology of exenatide ER in 6 healthy cats. A single subcutaneous injection of exenatide ER (0.13 mg/kg) was administered on day 0. Exenatide concentrations were measured for 12 wk. A hyperglycemic clamp (target = 225 mg/dL) was performed on days −7 (clamp I) and 21 (clamp II) with measurements of insulin and glucagon concentrations. Glucose tolerance was defined as the amount of glucose required to maintain hyperglycemia during the clamp. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed on weeks 0, 2, and 6 after injection. Plasma concentrations of exenatide peaked at 1 h and 4 wk after injection. Comparing clamp I with clamp II, fasting blood glucose decreased (mean ± standard deviation = −11 ± 8 mg/dL, P = 0.02), glucose tolerance improved (median [range] +33% [4%–138%], P = 0.04), insulin concentrations increased (+36.5% [−9.9% to 274.1%], P = 0.02), and glucagon concentrations decreased (−4.7% [0%–12.1%], P = 0.005). Compared with preinjection values on continuous glucose monitoring, glucose concentrations decreased and the frequency of readings <50 mg/dL increased at 2 and 6 wk after injection of exenatide ER. This did not correspond to clinical hypoglycemia. No other side effects were observed throughout the study. Exenatide ER was safe and effective in improving glucose tolerance 3 wk after a single injection. Further evaluation is needed to determine its safety, efficacy, and duration of action in diabetic cats.}, journal={Domestic Animal Endocrinology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rudinsky, A.J. and Adin, C.A. and Borin-Crivellenti, S. and Rajala-Schultz, P. and Hall, M.J. and Gilor, C.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={78–85} }
 @article{bertran_wavreille_ham_mcloughlin_adin_2015, title={Suture-Free Ureterovesical Anastomosis Using a Microvascular Anastomosis System: Canine Cadaveric Study}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12337}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo describe a suture‐free ureterovesical anastomosis using a microvascular anastomotic system (MAS) and compare the surgical time and bursting pressure to a sutured ureterovesical anastomosis (SA) with and without an extravesical seromuscular tunnel (EVSMT).}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Bertran, Judith and Wavreille, Vincent A. and Ham, Kathleen L. and McLoughlin, Mary A. and Adin, Christopher A.}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={731–736} }
 @article{vrabelova_adin_kenzig_gilor_xu_buss_rajab_2014, title={Evaluation of a high-yield technique for pancreatic islet isolation from deceased canine donors}, volume={47}, ISSN={0739-7240}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.DOMANIEND.2013.01.006}, DOI={10.1016/J.DOMANIEND.2013.01.006}, abstractNote={Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequently diagnosed endocrinopathies in dogs, and prevalence continues to increase. Pancreatic islet transplantation is a noninvasive and potentially curative treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Institution of this treatment in dogs will require a readily available source of canine islets. We hypothesized that clinically acceptable islet yield and purity could be achieved by using deceased canine donors and standard centrifugation equipment. Pancreata were procured from dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Initial anatomic studies were performed to evaluate efficacy of pancreatic perfusion. Infusion into the accessory pancreatic duct resulted in perfusion of approximately 75% of the pancreas. Additional cannulation of the distal right limb of the pancreas allowed complete perfusion. Collagenase digestion was performed with a Ricordi chamber and temperature-controlled perfusion circuit. Islets were separated from the exocrine tissue with the use of a discontinuous density gradient and a standard laboratory centrifuge. After isolation, islet yield was calculated and viability was assessed with dual fluorescent staining techniques. Islet isolation was completed in 6 dogs. Median (interquartile range) islet yield was 36,756 (28,527) islet equivalents per pancreas. A high degree of islet purity (percentage of endocrine tissue; 87.5% [10%]) and viability (87.4% [12.4%]) were achieved. The islet yield achieved with this technique would require approximately 1 pancreas per 5 kg body weight of the recipient dog. Purity and viability of the isolated islets were comparable with those achieved in human islet transplantation program. According to initial results, clinically relevant islet yield and quality can be obtained from deceased canine donors with the use of standard laboratory equipment.}, journal={Domestic Animal Endocrinology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Vrabelova, D. and Adin, C.A. and Kenzig, A. and Gilor, C. and Xu, F. and Buss, J.L. and Rajab, A.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={119–126} }
 @article{adin_2011, title={Complications of Ovariohysterectomy and Orchiectomy in Companion Animals}, volume={41}, ISSN={0195-5616}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.05.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.05.004}, abstractNote={Complications following elective spay or neuter procedures are particularly feared by new graduates. However, even the most experienced surgeons may encounter surgical or postoperative complications. At best, complications associated with elective procedures can harm the doctor-client relationship. At worst, these can present legal and financial problems. Veterinary surgeons should be aware of the potential complications associated with elective sterilization, these should be communicated to the client, and there should be a clear plan for action when a complication occurs. This article reviews the reported complications encountered in elective sterilization surgery in companion animals, with a special focus on early detection and prevention.}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Adin, Christopher A.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={1023–1039} }
 @article{adin_scansen_2011, title={Complications of Upper Urinary Tract Surgery in Companion Animals}, volume={41}, ISSN={0195-5616}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.05.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.05.015}, abstractNote={Due to the negative effects of urine on wound healing, the high rate of complications associated with surgical incisions in the ureter and a desire to avoid large open approaches to the abdomen, there is a strong trend in human medicine toward the use of endoscopic methods in the treatment of upper urinary tract disease. However, the small size of urogenital structures in companion animals has prevented the widespread application of endoscopy of the upper urinary tract and surgery continues to be the mainstay of treatment. Through careful decision making, veterinary surgeons now use microsurgical technique and interventional radiology to provide a high success rate. The current review will discuss complications pertaining to surgery of the kidney and ureter in companion animals, using experimental and clinical data to guide the detection and avoidance of these complications.}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Adin, Christopher A. and Scansen, Brian A.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={869–888} }
 @article{adin_2011, title={Preface: Surgical Complications}, volume={41}, ISSN={0195-5616}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.07.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.07.002}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Adin, Christopher A.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={xi-xii} }