@article{silva-guillen_arellano_wiegert_boyd_martinez_heugten_2024, title={Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2049-1891"]}, DOI={10.1186/s40104-023-00981-7}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Silva-Guillen, Ysenia V. and Arellano, Consuelo and Wiegert, Jeffrey and Boyd, R. Dean and Martinez, Gabriela E. and Heugten, Eric}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{burkholder_kinder_dickey_reed_arellano_james_mackenzie_allen_lindor_mathis_et al._2022, title={Classic indicators and diel dissolved oxygen versus trend analysis in assessing eutrophication of potable-water reservoirs}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1939-5582"]}, DOI={10.1002/eap.2541}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS}, author={Burkholder, JoAnn M. and Kinder, Carol A. and Dickey, David A. and Reed, Robert E. and Arellano, Consuelo and James, Jennifer L. and Mackenzie, Linda M. and Allen, Elle H. and Lindor, Nicole L. and Mathis, Joshua G. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{racioppi_dalton_ramalingam_romero_ren_bohannon_arellano_jonassaint_miller_barak_et al._2021, title={Assessing the Feasibility of a Novel mHealth App in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients}, volume={27}, ISBN={2666-6367}, DOI={10.1016/j.jtct.2020.10.017}, abstractNote={Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative treatment option for patients with hematologic conditions but presents many complications that must be managed as a complex, chronic condition. Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) may permit tracking of symptoms in HCT. In seeking strategies to manage the complexities of HCT, our team collaborated with Sicklesoft, Inc., to develop an mHealth app specifically for HCT patients to allow for daily evaluation of patient health, Technology Recordings to better Understand Bone Marrow Transplantation (TRU-BMT). The primary value of this application is that of potentially enhancing the monitoring of symptoms and general health of patients undergoing HCT, with the ultimate goal of allowing earlier detection of adverse events, earlier intervention, and improving outcomes. To first evaluate patient interest in mHealth apps, we designed and administered an interest survey to patients at the 2017 BMT-InfoNet reunion. As a follow-up to the positive feedback received, we began testing the TRU-BMT app in a Phase 1 pilot study. Thirty patients were enrolled in this single-arm study and were given the TRU-BMT mHealth app on a smartphone device in addition to a wearable activity tracker. Patients were followed for up to 180 days, all the while receiving daily app monitoring. Adherence to TRU-BMT was approximately 30% daily and 44% weekly, and greater adherence was associated with increased meal completion, decreased heart rate, and shorter hospital stay. TRU-BMT assessments of symptom severity were significantly associated with duration of hospital stay and development of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Our findings suggest that using TRU-BMT throughout HCT is feasible for patients and established a proof-of-concept for a future randomized control trial of the TRU-BMT application in HCT. © 2021 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, number={2}, journal={TRANSPLANTATION AND CELLULAR THERAPY}, author={Racioppi, Alessandro and Dalton, Tara and Ramalingam, Sendhilnathan and Romero, Kristi and Ren, Yi and Bohannon, Lauren and Arellano, Consuelo and Jonassaint, Jude and Miller, Hilary and Barak, Ian and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{perez-diaz_johanningsmeier_anekella_pagan-medina_mendez-sandoval_arellano_price_daughtry_borges_bream_et al._2021, title={Genotypic and phenotypic diversity among Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus isolated from industrial scale cucumber fermentations}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1095-9998"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fm.2020.103652}, abstractNote={The Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus genotypes existing in industrial-scale cucumber fermentations were defined using rep-PCR-(GTG)5. The ability of each genotype to ferment cucumbers under various conditions was evaluated. Rep-PCR-(GTG)5 was the technique capable of illustrating the most intraspecies discrimination compared to the sequencing of housekeeping genes (recA, dnaK, pheS and rpoA), MLST and RAPD with primers LP1, OPL5, M14 and COC. Ten genotypic clusters were defined for the 199 L. pentosus tested and three for the 17 L. plantarum clones. The ability of the 216 clones genotyped and 37 additional cucumber fermentation isolates, of the same species, to rapidly decrease the pH of cucumber juice medium under various combinations of sodium chloride (0 or 6%), initial pH (4.0 or 5.2) and temperatures (15 or 30 °C) was determined using a fractional factorial screening design. A reduced fermentation ability was observed for the L. plantarum strains as compared to L. pentosus, except for clone 3.2.8, which had a ropy phenotype and aligned to genotypic cluster A. L. pentosus strains belonging to three genotypic clusters (B, D and J) were more efficient in cucumber juice fermentation as compared to most L. plantarum strains. This research identified three genetically diverse L. pentosus strains and one L. plantarum as candidates for starter cultures for commercial cucumber fermentations.}, journal={FOOD MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Perez-Diaz, Ilenys M. and Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D. and Anekella, Kartheek and Pagan-Medina, Christian G. and Mendez-Sandoval, Lesley and Arellano, Consuelo and Price, Robert and Daughtry, Katheryne V and Borges, Michelle and Bream, Chloe and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Apr} }
 @article{brown_yu_holloway_tuong_schwartz_patton_arellano_livingston_milla-lewis_2021, title={Identification of QTL associated with cold acclimation and freezing tolerance in Zoysia japonica}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20368}, DOI={10.1002/csc2.20368}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Brown, Jessica M. and Yu, Xingwang and Holloway, H. McCamy P. and Tuong, Tan D. and Schwartz, Brian M. and Patton, Aaron J. and Arellano, Consuelo and Livingston, David P. and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={3044–3055} }
 @article{carbajal_ma_zuleta_reynolds_arellano_tredway_milla-lewis_2021, title={Identification of sources of resistance to gray leaf spot in Stenotaphrum germplasm}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20371}, DOI={10.1002/csc2.20371}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Carbajal, Esdras M. and Ma, Bangya and Zuleta, M. Carolina and Reynolds, W. Casey and Arellano, Consuelo and Tredway, Lane P. and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={3069–3079} }
 @article{ansanay_kolar_sharma-shivappa_cheng_arellano_2021, title={Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Production of Glucose via Sulfonic Acid-Impregnated Activated Carbon}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2227-9717"]}, DOI={10.3390/pr9030504}, abstractNote={In the present research, activated carbon-supported sulfonic acid catalysts were synthesized and tested as pretreatment agents for the conversion of switchgrass into glucose. The catalysts were synthesized by reacting sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid with activated carbon. The characterization of catalysts suggested an increase in surface acidities, while surface area and pore volumes decreased because of sulfonation. Batch experiments were performed in 125 mL serum bottles to investigate the effects of temperature (30, 60, and 90 °C), reaction time (90 and 120 min) on the yields of glucose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated switchgrass using Ctec2 yielded up to 57.13% glucose. Durability tests indicated that sulfonic solid-impregnated carbon catalysts were able to maintain activity even after three cycles. From the results obtained, the solid acid catalysts appear to serve as effective pretreatment agents and can potentially reduce the use of conventional liquid acids and bases in biomass-into-biofuel production.}, number={3}, journal={PROCESSES}, author={Ansanay, Yane and Kolar, Praveen and Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna and Cheng, Jay and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{brown_yu_holloway_dacosta_bernstein_lu_tuong_patton_dunne_arellano_et al._2020, title={Differences in proteome response to cold acclimation in Zoysia japonica cultivars with different levels of freeze tolerance}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.1002/csc2.20225}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Brown, Jessica M. and Yu, Xingwang and Holloway, H. McCamy P. and DaCosta, Michelle and Bernstein, Rachael P. and Lu, Jefferson and Tuong, Tan D. and Patton, Aaron J. and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Arellano, Consuelo and et al.}, year={2020}, pages={2744–2756} }
 @article{silva-guillen_arellano_boyd_martinez_heugten_2020, title={Growth performance, oxidative stress and immune status of newly weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids with or without supplemental vitamin E or polyphenols}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2049-1891"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-0431-9}, DOI={10.1186/s40104-020-0431-9}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Silva-Guillen, Y. V. and Arellano, C. and Boyd, R. D. and Martinez, G. and Heugten, E.}, year={2020}, month={Mar} }
 @article{silva-guillen_arellano_martinez_heugten_2020, title={Growth performance, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity of newly weaned piglets fed dietary peroxidized lipids with vitamin E or phytogenic compounds in drinking water}, volume={36}, ISSN={["2590-2865"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/aas.2019-01976}, DOI={10.15232/aas.2019-01976}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the use of vitamin E and phytogenic compounds in drinking water on growth performance, oxidative stress, and immune status of piglets fed peroxidized lipids. Materials and Methods In a 35-d study, 21-d-old weaned piglets (n = 96; 6.10 ± 0.64 kg of BW) were assigned within sex and BW blocks to 1 of 4 treatments, using 24 pens (4 pigs per pen; 6 replications per treatment). Diets contained either 6% soybean oil or 6% peroxidized soybean oil. Pigs fed peroxidized soybean oil received drinking water without (control) or with supplemental vitamin E (100 IU/L of RRR-α-tocopherol) or phytogenic compounds (60 μL/L for wk 1 and 30 μL/L for wk 2 to 5). Results and Discussion Peroxidized soybean oil decreased (P Implications and Applications Peroxidized soybean oil reduced growth performance of weaned nursery pigs, which did not appear to be related to oxidative stress or immune status. The negative effects of peroxidized soybean oil on animal performance could not be improved by supplementation of vitamin E or phytogenic compounds in the drinking water.}, number={3}, journal={APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE}, publisher={American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists}, author={Silva-Guillen, Ysenia and Arellano, Consuelo and Martinez, Gabriela and Heugten, Eric}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={341–351} }
 @article{yu_mulkey_zuleta_arellano_ma_milla-lewis_2020, title={Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Gray Leaf Spot Resistance in St. Augustinegrass}, volume={104}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS-04-20-0905-RE}, abstractNote={ Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by Magnaporthe grisea, is a major fungal disease of St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), causing widespread blighting of the foliage under warm, humid conditions. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling GLS resistance, an F1 mapping population consisting of 153 hybrids was developed from crosses between cultivar Raleigh (susceptible parent) and plant introduction PI 410353 (resistant parent). Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated from genotyping-by-sequencing constituted nine linkage groups for each parental linkage map. The Raleigh map consisted of 2,257 SNP markers and spanned 916.63 centimorgans (cM), while the PI 410353 map comprised 511 SNP markers and covered 804.27 cM. GLS resistance was evaluated under controlled environmental conditions with measurements of final disease incidence and lesion length. Additionally, two derived traits, area under the disease progress curve and area under the lesion expansion curve, were calculated for QTL analysis. Twenty QTL were identified as being associated with these GLS resistance traits, which explained 7.6 to 37.2% of the total phenotypic variation. Three potential GLS QTL “hotspots” were identified on two linkage groups: P2 (106.26 to 110.36 cM and 113.15 to 116.67 cM) and P5 (17.74 to 19.28 cM). The two major effect QTL glsp2.3 and glsp5.2 together reduced 20.2% of disease incidence in this study. Sequence analysis showed that two candidate genes encoding β-1,3-glucanases were found in the intervals of two QTL, which might function in GLS resistance response. These QTL and linked markers can be potentially used to assist the transfer of GLS resistance genes to elite St. Augustinegrass breeding lines. }, number={11}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Yu, Xingwang and Mulkey, Steve E. and Zuleta, Maria C. and Arellano, Consuelo and Ma, Bangya and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={2799–2806} }
 @article{cowger_ward_nilsson_arellano_mccormick_busman_2020, title={Regional and field-specific differences in Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with blighted North Carolina wheat}, volume={323}, ISSN={["1879-3460"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108594}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108594}, abstractNote={Worldwide, while Fusarium graminearum is the main causal species of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small-grain cereals, a diversity of FHB-causing species belonging to different species complexes has been found in most countries. In the U.S., FHB surveys have focused on the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) and the frequencies of 3-ADON, 15-ADON, and nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes. A large-scale survey was undertaken across the state of North Carolina in 2014 to explore the frequency and distribution of F. graminearum capable of producing NIV, which is not monitored at grain intake points. Symptomatic wheat spikes were sampled from 59 wheat fields in 24 counties located in three agronomic zones typical of several states east of the Appalachian Mountains: Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Tidewater. Altogether, 2197 isolates were identified to species using DNA sequence-based methods. Surprisingly, although F. graminearum was the majority species detected, species in the Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC) that produce “emerging mycotoxins” were frequent, and even dominant in some fields. The FTSC percentage was 50–100% in four fields, 30–49% in five fields, 20–29% in five fields, and < 20% in the remaining 45 fields. FTSC species were at significantly higher frequency in the Coastal Plain than in the Piedmont or Tidewater (P < .05). Moniliformin concentrations in samples ranged from 0.0 to 38.7 μg g−1. NIV producing isolates were rare statewide (2.2%), and never >12% in a single field, indicating that routine testing for NIV is probably unnecessary. The patchy distribution of FTSC species in wheat crops demonstrated the need to investigate the potential importance of their mycotoxins and the factors that allow them to sometimes outcompete trichothecene producers. An increased sampling intensity of wheat fields led to the unexpected discovery of a minority FHB-causing population.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cowger, Christina and Ward, Todd J. and Nilsson, Kathryn and Arellano, Consuelo and McCormick, Susan P. and Busman, Mark}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{gee_hunt_peacock_woodward_arellano_2020, title={Using Irrigation to Increase Stormwater Mitigation Potential of Rainwater Harvesting Systems}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2379-6111"]}, DOI={10.1061/JSWBAY.0000913}, abstractNote={AbstractRainwater harvesting (RWH) systems used for irrigation often provide fewer stormwater management benefits than systems used for year-round, nondiscretionary purposes because there is dimini...}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE WATER IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT}, author={Gee, K. D. and Hunt, W. F. and Peacock, C. H. and Woodward, M. D. and Arellano, C.}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{vepraskas_berkowitz_arellano_2019, title={Determining Normal Precipitation Ranges for Hydric Soil Assessments}, volume={83}, ISSN={["1435-0661"]}, DOI={10.2136/sssaj2018.09.0333}, abstractNote={
Core Ideas
Normal rainfall ranges are best defined by the 30th and 70th percentiles of historic data.
Mean ± SD produces a normal rainfall range twice as large as that of percentiles.
Mean ± SD normal rainfall will cause some upland soils to be classified as hydric soils.
Water table data collected for hydric soil and wetland identification studies require supporting analysis of rainfall normality. Water table measurements made after periods when precipitation is within a normal range are believed to represent long‐term trends, whereas data collected following periods of abnormally high precipitation represent rare events, potentially resulting in erroneous hydric soil determinations. The USDA‐NRCS currently uses two different methods to assess normal precipitation ranges; both have been used to assess hydric soils. This study compared methodologies that identify normal precipitation periods by using: (i) the range defined by the 30th and 70th percentiles observed within a 30‐yr period [i.e., the Climate Analysis for Wetlands Tables (WETS) method] and (ii) long‐term monthly mean precipitation ± one SD (i.e., the U.S. Soil Taxonomy method). Comparisons were made for 30 geographically diverse locations and soil moisture regimes. The results demonstrated that the U.S. Soil Taxonomy method yielded normal precipitation ranges approximately twice as large as those from the WETS method. As a result, the U.S. Soil Taxonomy method precluded the occurrence of drier than normal conditions in many instances and displayed increased sensitivity to infrequent high rainfall events. Three case studies evaluated the implications of method selection on hydric soil identification, demonstrating that the U.S. Soil Taxonomy method identified normal conditions more frequently than the WETS method. As a result, the adoption of the WETS method, which accounts for the non‐normal distribution of precipitation data, as the sole method to determine normal precipitation periods for hydric soil assessment is recommended.}, number={2}, journal={SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL}, author={Vepraskas, Michael J. and Berkowitz, Jacob F. and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2019}, pages={503–510} }
 @article{liu_youssef_chescheir_appelboom_poole_arellano_skaggs_2019, title={Effect of controlled drainage on nitrogen fate and transport for a subsurface drained grass field receiving liquid swine lagoon effluent}, volume={217}, ISSN={["1873-2283"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.018}, abstractNote={Application of livestock manure has become a principal nutrient source in groundwater and surface water. The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of controlled drainage (CD) on nitrogen (N) fate and transport for a subsurface drained grass field receiving liquid swine lagoon effluent (SLE). A four-year field experiment was conducted on a naturally poorly drained pasture in eastern North Carolina. The 1.25 ha experimental field was artificially drained by subsurface drains installed at 1.0 m depth and 12.5 m spacing. Two treatments, replicated twice were implemented: conventional drainage (FD) and CD. The CD management protocol was more intensive compared to previous studies. The drain outlets of CD plot were set at 36 cm below soil surface all year round except several days before irrigation application when water table depth was shallower than 65 cm below surface. Controlled drainage significantly reduced drainage flow and TN loading via subsurface drain lines by an average of 397 mm yr−1 (93%) and 34.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (94%), respectively. DRAINMOD hydrologic simulations indicated that 96% of the reduction in predicted drain flow was attributed to increased lateral seepage. The nitrogen that did not drain from the field in response to CD was lost via enhanced denitrification (67%) and lateral seepage to adjacent fields (33%). This study clearly demonstrated how CD management affects the N fate and transport through seepage and denitrification process.}, journal={AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT}, author={Liu, Yu and Youssef, Mohamed A. and Chescheir, George M. and Appelboom, Timothy W. and Poole, Chad A. and Arellano, Consuelo and Skaggs, R. Wayne}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={440–451} }
 @article{beccari_arellano_covarelli_tini_sulyok_cowger_2019, title={Effect of wheat infection timing on Fusarium head blight causal agents and secondary metabolites in grain}, volume={290}, ISSN={["1879-3460"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.014}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.014}, abstractNote={Fusarium head blight (FHB) results in yield loss and damaging contamination of cereal grains and can be caused by several Fusarium species. The objective of the present study was to determine, in a greenhouse experiment on winter wheat, how FHB was affected by timing of infection (0, 3, 6 or 9 days after anthesis, daa) by the aggressive species Fusarium graminearum compared to the relatively weak species Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae and Fusarium acuminatum. Measures of FHB development were: symptoms in spikes (visually assessed), fungal biomass (quantified by real time quantitative PCR) and accumulation of fungal secondary metabolites (quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) in kernels. With regard to symptoms, F. graminearum was unaffected by inoculation timing, while the weaker pathogens caused greater disease severity at later timings. In contrast, the accumulation of F. graminearum biomass was strongly affected by inoculation timing (3 daa ≥ 6 daa ≥ 0 daa = 9 daa), while colonization by the weaker pathogens was less influenced. Similarly, F. graminearum secondary metabolite accumulation was affected by inoculation timing (3 daa ≥ 6 daa ≥ 0 daa = 9 daa), while that of the weaker species was less affected. However, secondary metabolites produced by these weaker species tended to be higher from intermediate-late inoculations (6 daa). Overall, infection timing appeared to play a role particularly in F. graminearum colonization and secondary metabolite accumulation. However, secondary metabolites of weaker Fusarium species may be relatively more abundant when environmental conditions promote spore dispersal later in anthesis, while secondary metabolites produced by F. graminearum are relatively favored by earlier conducive conditions.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Beccari, Giovanni and Arellano, Consuelo and Covarelli, Lorenzo and Tini, Francesco and Sulyok, Michael and Cowger, Christina}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={214–225} }
 @article{silva-guillen_padilla_wiegert_arellano_boyd_heugten_2019, title={Impact of heat stress and antioxidant supplements in feed or drinking water on growth, intestinal morphology, and oxidative and immune status in growing pigs.}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz122.131}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Silva-Guillen, Ysenia Victoria and Padilla, Gabriela E. Martinez and Wiegert, Jeffrey and Arellano, Consuelo and Boyd, R. Dean and Heugten, Eric}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={71–71} }
 @article{cacho_youssef_shi_chescheir_skaggs_tian_leggett_sucre_nettles_arellano_2019, title={Impacts on soil nitrogen availability of converting managed pine plantation into switchgrass monoculture for bioenergy}, volume={654}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.133}, abstractNote={Biofuels derived from lignocellulosic materials is one of the options in addressing issues on climate change and energy independence. One of the most promising bioenergy crops is switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), particularly in North America. Future advancement in large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks and relatively more competitive price for biomass and other economic advantages could lead to landowners opting to venture on switchgrass monoculture (SWITCH) in lieu of loblolly pine monoculture (PINE). Therefore, we investigated the conversion of previously managed loblolly pine stand into SWITCH in eastern North Carolina, U.S.A. on soil N availability. Treatments included PINE, SWTICH, and mature loblolly pine stand (REF). Each treatment was replicated three times on 0.8 ha plots drained by open ditches dug 1.0–1.2 m deep and spaced at 100 m. Rates of net N mineralization (Nm) and nitrification (Nn) at the top 20 cm were measured using sequential in-situ techniques in 2011 and 2012 (the 3rd and 4th years of establishment, respectively) along with a one-time laboratory incubation. On average, PINE, SWITCH, and REF can have field net Nm rates up to 0.40, 0.34 and 0.44 mg N·kg soil−1·d−1, respectively, and net Nn rates up to 0.14, 0.08 and 0.10 mg N·kg soil−1·d−1, respectively. Annually, net Nm rates ranged from 136.98 to 167.21, 62.00 to 142.61, and 63.57 to 127.95 kg N·ha−1, and net Nn rates were 56.31–62.98, 16.45–30.45, 31.99–32.94 kg N·ha−1 in PINE, SWITCH, and REF, respectively. Treatment effect was not significant on field Nm rate (p = 0.091). However, SWITCH significantly reduced nitrate-N production (p < 0.01). Overall, results indicated that establishment of SWITCH on poorly drained lands previously under PINE is less likely to significantly impact total soil N availability and potentially has minimum N leaching losses since soil mineral N under this system will be dominated by ammonium-N.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Cacho, Julian F. and Youssef, Mohamed A. and Shi, Wei and Chescheir, George M. and Skaggs, R. Wayne and Tian, Shiying and Leggett, Zakiya H. and Sucre, Eric B. and Nettles, Jami E. and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={1326–1336} }
 @article{cowger_arellano_marshall_fitzgerald_2019, title={Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Barley With Cultivar Resistance and Fungicide}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1582-RE}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1582-RE}, abstractNote={ Although there has been research on managing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in spring barley, little has been published on cultivar resistance and optimal fungicide timing for FHB management in winter barley. A 3-year (2015 to 2017) field experiment was conducted to measure FHB resistance of winter barley varieties, gauge the potential benefit from a fungicide, and help determine the optimal timing for fungicide application. The split-plot experiment took place in a misted, inoculated nursery in Raleigh, North Carolina using main plots of four winter barley cultivars (Atlantic, Endeavor, Nomini, and Thoroughbred). Three fungicide treatments were applied to subplots: prothioconazole + tebuconazole at full spike emergence, the same fungicide 6 days later, or no fungicide. The late applications significantly reduced FHB index in each of 3 years and significantly reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) in harvested grain in 2 of the 3 years. Applications at full spike emergence also yielded significant benefit in 1 of the 3 years for each parameter. Neither disease symptoms nor DON gave reason to prefer one of the fungicide timings over the other. Across the 3 years, DON ranked the cultivars Endeavor < Nomini = Thoroughbred < Atlantic. Combining the moderate resistance of Endeavor with a fungicide application and averaging the two timings resulted in a 75% DON reduction compared with unsprayed Atlantic. Taken together, our results indicate that barley growers concerned about minimizing DON should both plant moderately resistant varieties and apply fungicide if there is scab risk. During the same period, 16 commercial winter barley cultivars were tested in from three to seven Virginia and North Carolina environments each, and the DON results were compared after standardization across environments. The winter two-row malting barley cultivars Endeavor and Calypso displayed superior and robust DON resistance across environments. }, number={8}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Cowger, Christina and Arellano, Consuelo and Marshall, David and Fitzgerald, Joshua}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={1858–1864} }
 @article{meyers_arellano_cowger_2019, title={Sensitivity of the US Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Population to Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides}, volume={103}, ISBN={1943-7692}, url={https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0715-RE}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0715-RE}, abstractNote={ Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is managed in the United States with cultivar resistance and foliar fungicides. Despite high levels of fungicide sensitivity in other cereal mildew populations, fungicide sensitivity of U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici has never been evaluated. Almost 400 B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were collected from 15 U.S. states over 2 years and phenotyped for sensitivity to two widely used demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, tebuconazole and prothioconazole. A large range of sensitivity to both DMIs was observed, with more insensitive isolates originating from the eastern United States (Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic, and Southeast regions) and more sensitive isolates from central states (Plains region, Arkansas, and Missouri). Cross-resistance was indicated by a positive although weak association between tebuconazole and prothioconazole sensitivities at all levels of analysis (EC50 values, P < 0.0001). A possible fitness cost was also associated with prothioconazole insensitivity (P = 0.0307) when analyzed at the state population level. This is the first assessment of fungicide sensitivity in the U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici population, and it produced evidence of regional selection for reduced DMI efficacy. The observation of reduced sensitivity to DMI fungicides in the eastern United States underlines the importance of rotating between chemistry classes to maintain the effectiveness of DMIs in U.S. wheat production. Although cross-resistance was demonstrated, variability in the relationship of EC50 values for tebuconazole and prothioconazole also suggests that multiple mechanisms influence B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate responses to these two DMI fungicides. }, number={12}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Meyers, Emily and Arellano, Consuelo and Cowger, Christina}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={3108–3116} }
 @misc{ou_gannon_arellano_polizzotto_2018, title={A Global Meta-Analysis to Predict Atrazine Sorption from Soil Properties}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1537-2537"]}, DOI={10.2134/jeq2017.11.0429}, abstractNote={Atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine) is one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide, and groundwater contamination is of concern, especially in heavily used regions and in edaphic conditions prone to leaching. Soil sorption plays an essential role in atrazine environmental fate, yet consistent atrazine risk prediction remains limited. A quantitative meta‐analysis was conducted to characterize the effect of soil properties on atrazine sorption, using 378 previous observations in 48 publications from 1985 to 2015 globally, which included data on soil properties and sorption parameters. A supplemental regional study was conducted to test the derived meta‐analysis models. The meta‐analysis indicated that percentage organic C (OC) was the most important parameter for estimating atrazine sorption, followed by percentage silt, soil pH, and percentage clay. Meta‐analysis and supplemental study models were developed for Freundlich sorption coefficients (Kf) and sorption distribution coefficients (Kd) as a function of OC. The global meta‐analysis models generated positive linear trends for OC with Kf and Kd (R2 = 0.197 and 0.205, respectively). Organic C was highly correlated with Kf and Kd in supplemental experimental study models (R2 = 0.93 and 0.92, respectively), indicating accurate prediction of sorption within the evaluated region. Continental models were investigated, which improved the goodness of fit. Models developed via meta‐analysis may be used to predict atrazine sorption over wide ranges of data, whereas more accurate and refined prediction can be achieved by specific regional models through experimental studies. However, such models could be improved if standardized agroclimatic conditions, soil classification, and other key variables were more widely reported.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY}, author={Ou, Ling and Gannon, Travis W. and Arellano, Consuelo and Polizzotto, Matthew L.}, year={2018}, pages={1389–1399} }
 @article{mccamy_holloway_yu_dunne_schwartz_patton_arellano_milla-lewis_2018, title={A SNP-based high-density linkage map of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and its use for the identification of QTL associated with winter hardiness}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1572-9788"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11032-017-0763-0}, number={1}, journal={MOLECULAR BREEDING}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={McCamy, H. and Holloway, P. and Yu, Xingwang and Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Schwartz, Brian M. and Patton, Aaron J. and Arellano, Consuelo and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2018}, month={Jan} }
 @article{del pozo-valdivia_reisig_arellano_heiniger_2018, title={A case for comprehensive analyses demonstrated by evaluating the yield benefits of neonicotinoid seed treatment in maize (Zea mays L.)}, volume={110}, ISSN={["1873-6904"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2017.10.021}, abstractNote={With increased scrutiny of the neonicotinoid class of chemistry and its negative impact on the pollinator community, ecological cost/benefit analyses of agronomic crops that use these insecticides are increasingly important. This study initially sought to address the question of yield benefit due to neonicotinoid seed treatment in maize (Zea mays L.), using North Carolina yield contest data from 2002 to 2006, the time period from initial neonicotinoid seed treatment adoption to nearly ubiquitous adoption. However, we recognized that several agronomic practices, including planting date, hybrid selection, and fertilization, could affect the yield of this crop; moreover, they could be collinear with one another and the analysis could be skewed by early adopters of new technology. Hence, we used all available data to compare among traditional approaches and a data-mining approach for analyzing the impact of neonicotinoid seed treatment on maize yield. At-planting insecticide treatment was not an important predictor of maize yield. When analyzed using the traditional approach (T-test), yields were significantly higher for fields planted with neonicotinoid treated seed compared to seed without neonicotinoid; however, data-mining approach (Decision tree analysis) that took into account other factors contributing to yield did not identify seed treatments as important. The contrast in these results highlights the need for future carefully designed studies that target to minimize inter- and intra-site variation; and include measurements of additional factors that may influence yield, such as seeding rate, tillage, and herbicide applications, as input variables that are largely lacking in current approaches on the subject.}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Del Pozo-Valdivia, Alejandro I. and Reisig, Dominic D. and Arellano, Consuelo and Heiniger, Ron W.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={171–182} }
 @article{storm_leprevost_arellano_cope_2018, title={Certified Safe Farm Implementation in North Carolina: Hazards, Safety Improvements, and Economic Incentives}, volume={23}, ISSN={1059-924X 1545-0813}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2018.1508395}, DOI={10.1080/1059924X.2018.1508395}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Objectives: Certified Safe Farm (CSF) is a multimodal intervention composed of four components: safety, health, education, and economic incentive. North Carolina has conducted the largest implementation of CSF outside of the Midwestern United States where it was developed. This paper describes the Efficacy dimension of the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework for the implementation of CSF in North Carolina during 2009–2012 on 113 farms in a three-county, highly productive and diverse agricultural area. Methods: Using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlational analyses, and logistic regression, quantitative data were examined from on-farm safety reviews, as well as primary operators’ use of cost-share funds as an economic incentive (34% participation) to make identified safety and health improvements on the farm. Results: Overall farm safety review scores were generally high (96% passing rate). Category scores revealed hazards in seven key categories: Chemical Storage; Tractors; Machine Shop, Repair Area; Gravity Flow, Auger, and Forage Wagons; Portable Augers; Dairy and Beef Structures; and Swine and Poultry Structures. The cost-share economic incentive component was utilized in addressing hazards in five of these categories, as well as in nine others. The average per farm cost-share reimbursement was $3,276, with a median of $1,615. In total, an investment of $255,307 (farmer investment plus incentive) was made in safety and health improvements on farms (n = 38). Correlation and logistic regression analyses revealed no significant relationships among scores, cost-share investments, and selected farm demographics. Conclusion: Findings suggest the 50% cost-share for safety and health improvements is a promising economic incentive model for CSF implementation.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Agromedicine}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Storm, Julia F. and LePrevost, Catherine E. and Arellano, Consuelo and Cope, W. Gregory}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={381–392} }
 @article{cacho_youssef_chescheir_wayne skaggs_appelboom_leggett_sucre_nettles_arellano_2018, title={Effects of forest-based bioenergy feedstock production on shallow groundwater quality of a drained forest soil}, volume={631-632}, ISSN={0048-9697}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.03.020}, DOI={10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.03.020}, abstractNote={Managed forests in southern U.S. are a potential source of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production. Changes in management practices to optimize biomass production may impact the quality of waters draining to nutrient-sensitive waters in coastal plain regions. We investigated shallow groundwater quality effects of intercropping switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to produce bioenergy feedstock and quality sawtimber in a poorly drained soil of eastern North Carolina, U.S.A. Treatments included PINE (traditional pine production), PSWITCH (pine-switchgrass intercropped), SWITCH (switchgrass monoculture) and REF (mature loblolly pine stand). Each treatment was replicated three times on 0.8 ha plots drained by parallel-open ditches, 1.0–1.2 m deep and 100 m apart. Water samples were collected monthly or more frequently after fertilizer application. Water samples were analyzed for organic nitrogen (ON), ammonium N (NH4+- N), and nitrite+nitrate N (NO3−+ NO2−- N), ortohophosphate phosphorus (OP), and total organic carbon (TOC). Overall, PSWITCH did not significantly affect shallow groundwater quality relative to PINE and SWITCH. ON, NO3−+ NO2−- N, and TOC concentrations in PSWITCH, PINE and SWITCH were substantially elevated during the two years after tree harvest and site establishment. The elevated nutrient concentrations at the beginning of the study were likely caused by a combination of rapid organic matter decomposition of the abundant supply of post-harvest residues, warming of exposed soil surfaces and reduction of plant nutrient uptake that can occur after harvesting, and pre-plant fertilization. Nutrient concentrations returned to background levels observed in REF during the third year after harvest.}, journal={Science of The Total Environment}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cacho, Julian F. and Youssef, Mohamed A. and Chescheir, George M. and Wayne Skaggs, R. and Appelboom, Timothy W. and Leggett, Zakiya H. and Sucre, Eric B. and Nettles, Jami E. and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={13–22} }
 @article{chen_wang_geng_arellano_chen_qu_2018, title={Effects of overexpression of jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes on nicotine accumulation in tobacco}, volume={2}, ISSN={2475-4455}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/PLD3.36}, DOI={10.1002/PLD3.36}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Plant Direct}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Chen, Hongxia and Wang, Bingwu and Geng, Sisi and Arellano, Consuelo and Chen, Sixue and Qu, Rongda}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={e00036} }
 @article{cacho_youssef_shi_chescheir_skaggs_tian_leggett_sucre_nettles_arellano_2018, title={Impacts of forest-based bioenergy feedstock production on soil nitrogen cycling}, volume={419-420}, ISSN={0378-1127}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.FORECO.2018.04.002}, DOI={10.1016/J.FORECO.2018.04.002}, abstractNote={We investigated impacts of simultaneous production of biomass for biofuel and quality timber on soil nitrogen (N) cycling in a poorly drained forest soil of eastern North Carolina, U.S.A. Treatments included traditional loblolly pine (PINE) and pine-switchgrass intercropping (PSWITCH). Treatments were replicated three times on 0.8 ha plots drained by parallel open ditches which were 1.2 m deep and spaced 100 m apart. Net N mineralization (Nm) and nitrification (Nn) rates were measured in the field using sequential in-situ technique over two years with multiple measurements in each year and laboratory by incubating soil samples for one-, two-, eight-, and thirteen weeks. Soil incubation in-situ or sample collection for laboratory incubation was conducted at nine sampling points within a 30 × 40 m subplot at each plot center and 20 cm from the soil surface. Soil samples were composited by location including near tree (NT), between two trees on the same bed (BT), and in the middle of four trees on two adjacent beds (M4T). Composite samples from NT and BT were categorized as tree-bed (BED), while those from M4T were grouped as interbed (INT). Field results showed that total soil N availability and its temporal variations over two years were not significantly affected by PSWITCH. However, it significantly reduced Nn rates, particularly in the INT. The plot-level mean Nm rates in PINE were 0.21 and 0.26 mg N·kg soil−1 d−1, while in PSWITCH they were 0.10 and 0.21 mg N kg soil−1 d−1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The plot-level mean Nn rates in PINE were 0.09 and 0.10 mg N kg soil−1 d−1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively, while in PSWITCH they remained at 0.03 mg N kg soil−1 d−1 across these two years. At the INT, mean Nn rates in PINE were 0.11 and 0.12 mg N kg soil−1 d−1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively, while in PSWITCH, Nn rate remained at 0.02 mg N kg soil−1 d−1 over two years. Laboratory results indicated that change in litter quality inputs (changing from mixed species to switchgrass) in the INT did not significantly affect Nm rates. Results of this study contributed to a better understanding of the changes in soil N cycling due to loblolly pine-switchgrass interactions, which is important in sustainable nutrient management of this new land use. Further, the results suggested that growing switchgrass as intercrop to managed loblolly pine has positive water quality implication since ammonium N is less mobile in soil than nitrate N.}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Cacho, Julian F. and Youssef, Mohamed A. and Shi, Wei and Chescheir, George M. and Skaggs, R. Wayne and Tian, Shiying and Leggett, Zakiya H. and Sucre, Eric B. and Nettles, Jami E. and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={227–239} }
 @article{kimball_tuong_arellano_livingston_milla-lewis_2018, title={Linkage analysis and identification of quantitative trait loci associated with freeze tolerance and turf quality traits in St. Augustinegrass}, volume={38}, ISSN={1380-3743, 1572-9788}, url={http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11032-018-0817-y}, DOI={10.1007/s11032-018-0817-y}, number={5}, journal={Molecular Breeding}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Kimball, Jennifer A. and Tuong, Tanduy D. and Arellano, Consuelo and Livingston, David P. and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={67} }
 @article{koryto_hunt_arellano_page_2018, title={Performance of Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance on the Removal of Dissolved Pollutants: Field Scale Simulation Study}, volume={144}, ISSN={0733-9372 1943-7870}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001374}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001374}, abstractNote={AbstractRegenerative stormwater conveyance (RSC) is a stormwater control measure (SCM) built in a channel that uses a series of riffles, grade control structures, and pools with an underlying sand ...}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Environmental Engineering}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Koryto, Kevin M. and Hunt, William F. and Arellano, Consuelo and Page, Jonathan L.}, year={2018}, month={Jun}, pages={04018039} }
 @article{cowger_mehra_arellano_meyers_murphy_2018, title={Virulence Differences in Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici from the Central and Eastern United States}, volume={108}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, DOI={10.1094/phyto-06-17-0211-r}, abstractNote={ Wheat powdery mildew is a disease of global importance that occurs across a wide geographic area in the United States. A virulence survey of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent, was conducted by sampling 36 wheat fields in 15 U.S. states in the years 2013 and 2014. Using a hierarchical sampling protocol, isolates were derived from three separated plants at each of five separated sites within each field in order to assess the spatial distribution of pathotypes. In total, 1,017 isolates from those fields were tested individually on single-gene differential cultivars containing a total of 21 powdery mildew resistance (Pm) genes. Several recently introgressed mildew resistance genes from wild wheat relatives (Pm37, Pm53, MlAG12, NCAG13, and MlUM15) exhibited complete or nearly complete resistance to all local B. graminis f. sp. tritici populations from across the sampled area. One older gene, Pm4b, also retained at least some efficacy across the sampled area. The B. graminis f. sp. tritici population sampled from Arkansas and Missouri, on the western edge of the eastern soft red winter wheat region, had virulence profiles more similar to other soft wheat mildew populations than to the geographically closer population from hard wheat fields in the Plains states of Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Kansas. The Plains population differed in that it was avirulent to several Pm genes long defeated in the soft-wheat-growing areas. Virulence complexity was greatest east of the Mississippi River, and diminished toward the west. Several recently introgressed Pm genes (Pm25, Pm34, Pm35, and NCA6) that are highly effective against mildew in the field in North Carolina were unexpectedly susceptible to eastern-U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici populations in detached-leaf tests. Sampled fields displayed a wide range of pathotype diversity and spatial distribution, suggesting that epidemics are caused by varying numbers of pathotypes in all regions. The research confirmed that most long-used Pm genes are defeated in the eastern United States, and the U.S. B. graminis f. sp. tritici population has different virulence profiles in the hard- and soft-wheat regions, which are likely maintained by host selection, isolation by distance, and west-to-east gene flow. }, number={3}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={Cowger, Christina and Mehra, Lucky and Arellano, Consuelo and Meyers, Emily and Murphy, J. Paul}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={402–411} }
 @article{kimball_tuong_arellano_livingston_milla-lewis_2017, title={Assessing freeze tolerance in St. Augustinegrass: II. acclimation treatment effects}, volume={213}, ISSN={["1573-5060"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-2074-2}, DOI={10.1007/s10681-017-2074-2}, number={12}, journal={EUPHYTICA}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kimball, Jennifer A. and Tuong, Tan D. and Arellano, Consuelo and Livingston, David P., III and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2017}, month={Dec} }
 @article{kimball_tuong_arellano_livingston_milla-lewis_2017, title={Assessing freeze-tolerance in St. Augustinegrass: temperature response and evaluation methods}, volume={213}, DOI={10.1007/s10681-017-1899-z}, number={5}, journal={Euphytica}, author={Kimball, Jennifer A. and Tuong, Tan D. and Arellano, Consuelo and Livingston, David P., III and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2017}, month={Apr} }
 @article{zhang_valdés-lópez_arellano_stacey_balint-kurti_2017, title={Genetic dissection of the maize (Zea mays L.) MAMP response}, volume={130}, ISSN={0040-5752 1432-2242}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2876-6}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-017-2876-6}, abstractNote={Loci associated with variation in maize responses to two microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) were identified. MAMP responses were correlated. No relationship between MAMP responses and quantitative disease resistance was identified. Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are highly conserved molecules commonly found in microbes which can be recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors. Recognition triggers a suite of responses including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and expression changes of defense-related genes. In this study, we used two well-studied MAMPs (flg22 and chitooctaose) to challenge different maize lines to determine whether there was variation in the level of responses to these MAMPs, to dissect the genetic basis underlying that variation and to understand the relationship between MAMP response and quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Naturally occurring quantitative variation in ROS, NO production, and defense genes expression levels triggered by MAMPs was observed. A major quantitative traits locus (QTL) associated with variation in the ROS production response to both flg22 and chitooctaose was identified on chromosome 2 in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the maize inbred lines B73 and CML228. Minor QTL associated with variation in the flg22 ROS response was identified on chromosomes 1 and 4. Comparison of these results with data previously obtained for variation in QDR and the defense response in the same RIL population did not provide any evidence for a common genetic basis controlling variation in these traits.}, number={6}, journal={Theoretical and Applied Genetics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Zhang, Xinye and Valdés-López, Oswaldo and Arellano, Consuelo and Stacey, Gary and Balint-Kurti, Peter}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={1155–1168} }
 @article{ansanay_kolar_sharma-shivappa_cheng_park_arellano_2017, title={Pre-treatment of biomasses using magnetised sulfonic acid catalysts}, volume={48}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Engineering}, author={Ansanay, Y. and Kolar, P. and Sharma-Shivappa, R. and Cheng, J. and Park, S. and Arellano, C.}, year={2017}, pages={117–122} }
 @article{dunne_miller_arellano_brandenburg_schoeman_milla-lewis_2017, title={Shade response of bermudagrass accessions under different management practices}, volume={26}, ISSN={1618-8667}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.UFUG.2017.02.011}, DOI={10.1016/J.UFUG.2017.02.011}, abstractNote={The development of cultivars ‘TifGrand’ and ‘Celebration’ has shown potential increases in shade tolerance compared to previous industry standards of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). Based on the literature, further improvements in shade tolerance can be attained through changes in nitrogen fertility rates, mowing heights, and the application of plant growth regulators. In this study, two South African hybrid (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy) bermudagrass accessions (‘WIN10F’ and ‘STIL03’) and three standard cultivars (Celebration, Tifgrand, and ‘Tifway’) were compared for their ability to persist under 63% shade, two mowing heights, two trinexapac-ethyl (TE) treatments, and two nitrogen fertility rates. The experimental design was a strip-strip-split plot and digital image analysis was used to measure percent turfgrass cover, percent turfgrass spread after cup-cutter removal, and percent turfgrass re-growth after divot formation. Turf quality was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Differences among genotypes, TE treatments, and mowing heights were observed across all response variables in 2014 and 2015. Differences in fertility treatments were observed in NDVI, percent turfgrass growth, and percent turfgrass recovery within and across years. Significant differences were observed for the interactions between entry by plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments, entry by mowing height, and mowing height by PGR. These results suggest shade management recommendations should be dependent on genotype and site-specific considerations. The development and implementation of specific management plans for certain bermudagrass varieties will contribute to the more widespread use of Cynodon spp. in shaded environments.}, journal={Urban Forestry & Urban Greening}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Dunne, Jeffrey C. and Miller, Grady L. and Arellano, Consuelo and Brandenburg, Rick L. and Schoeman, A. and Milla-Lewis, Susana R.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={169–177} }
 @article{adams_orr_arellano_cardoza_2017, title={Soil and Foliar Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Five Cropping Systems in the Coastal Plains of North Carolina}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/nvx081}, abstractNote={Abstract Soil and foliar arthropod populations in agricultural settings respond to environmental disturbance and degradation, impacting functional biodiversity in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate system level management effects on soil and foliar arthropod abundance and diversity in corn and soybean. Our field experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replicates for five farming systems which included: Conventional clean till, conventional long rotation, conventional no-till, organic clean till, and organic reduced till. Soil arthropod sampling was accomplished by pitfall trapping. Foliar arthropod sampling was accomplished by scouting corn and sweep netting soybean. Overall soil arthropod abundance was significantly impacted by cropping in corn and for foliar arthropods in soybeans. Conventional long rotation and organic clean till systems were highest in overall soil arthropod abundance for corn while organic reduced till systems exceeded all other systems for overall foliar arthropod abundance in soybeans. Foliar arthropod abundance over sampling weeks was significantly impacted by cropping system and is suspected to be the result of in-field weed and cover crop cultivation practices. This suggests that the sum of management practices within production systems impact soil and foliar arthropod abundance and diversity and that the effects of these systems are dynamic over the cropping season. Changes in diversity may be explained by weed management practices as sources of disturbance and reduced arthropod refuges via weed reduction. Furthermore, our results suggest agricultural systems lower in management intensity, whether due to organic practices or reduced levels of disturbance, foster greater arthropod diversity.}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Adams, Paul R., III and Orr, David B. and Arellano, Consuelo and Cardoza, Yasmin J.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={771–783} }
 @article{bittner_arellano_mila_2016, title={Effect of temperature and resistance of tobacco cultivars to the progression of bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum}, volume={408}, ISSN={["1573-5036"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11104-016-2938-6}, number={1-2}, journal={PLANT AND SOIL}, author={Bittner, R. J. and Arellano, C. and Mila, A. L.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={299–310} }
 @article{nalepa_arellano_2016, title={Parental social environment alters development of nutritionally independent nymphs in Cryptocercus punctulatus (Dictyoptera: Cryptocercidae)}, volume={70}, ISSN={["1432-0762"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00265-016-2110-6}, number={6}, journal={BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY}, author={Nalepa, C. A. and Arellano, C.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={881–887} }
 @article{cowger_weisz_arellano_murphy_2016, title={Profitability of Integrated Management of Fusarium Head Blight in North Carolina Winter Wheat}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, DOI={10.1094/phyto-10-15-0263-r}, abstractNote={ Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most difficult small-grain diseases to manage, due to the partial effectiveness of management techniques and the narrow window of time in which to apply fungicides profitably. The most effective management approach is to integrate cultivar resistance with FHB-specific fungicide applications; yet, when forecasted risk is intermediate, it is often unclear whether such an application will be profitable. To model the profitability of FHB management under varying conditions, we conducted a 2-year split-plot field experiment having as main plots high-yielding soft red winter wheat cultivars, four moderately resistant (MR) and three susceptible (S) to FHB. Subplots were sprayed at flowering with Prosaro or Caramba, or left untreated. The experiment was planted in seven North Carolina environments (location–year combinations); three were irrigated to promote FHB development and four were not irrigated. Response variables were yield, test weight, disease incidence, disease severity, deoxynivalenol (DON), Fusarium-damaged kernels, and percent infected kernels. Partial profits were compared in two ways: first, across low-, medium-, or high-DON environments; and second, across environment–cultivar combinations divided by risk forecast into “do spray” and “do not spray” categories. After surveying DON and test weight dockage among 21 North Carolina wheat purchasers, three typical market scenarios were used for modeling profitability: feed-wheat, flexible (feed or flour), and the flour market. A major finding was that, on average, MR cultivars were at least as profitable as S cultivars, regardless of epidemic severity or market. Fungicides were profitable in the feed-grain and flexible markets when DON was high, with MR cultivars in the flexible or flour markets when DON was intermediate, and on S cultivars aimed at the flexible market. The flour market was only profitable when FHB was present if DON levels were intermediate and cultivar resistance was combined with a fungicide. It proved impossible to use the risk forecast to predict profitability of fungicide application. Overall, the results indicated that cultivar resistance to FHB was important for profitability, an FHB-targeted fungicide expanded market options when risk was moderate or high, and the efficacy of fungicide decision-making is reduced by factors that limit the accuracy of risk forecasts. }, number={8}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={Cowger, Christina and Weisz, Randy and Arellano, Consuelo and Murphy, Paul}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={814–823} }
 @article{rosero_odle_arellano_boyd_heugten_2015, title={Development of prediction equations to estimate the apparent digestible energy content of lipids when fed to lactating sows}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84965190994&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2014-8402}, abstractNote={Two studies were conducted 1) to determine the effects of free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and the degree of saturation of lipids (unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio [U:S]) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and DE content of lipids and 2) to derive prediction equations to estimate the DE content of lipids when added to lactating sow diets. In Exp. 1, 85 lactating sows were assigned randomly to a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments plus a control diet with no added lipid. Factors included 1) FFA concentrations of 0, 18, 36, and 54% and 2) U:S of 2.0, 2.8, 3.5, 4.2, and 4.9. Diets were corn-soybean meal based and lipid was supplemented at 6%. Concentrations of FFA and U:S were obtained by blending 4 lipid sources: choice white grease (CWG; FFA = 0.3% and U:S = 2.0), soybean oil (FFA = 0.1% and U:S = 5.5), CWG acid oil (FFA = 57.8% and U:S = 2.1), and soybean-cottonseed acid oil (FFA = 67.5% and U:S = 3.8). Titanium dioxide was added to diets (0.5%) as a digestibility marker. Treatments started on d 4 of lactation and fecal samples were collected after 6 d of adaptation to diets on a daily basis from d 10 to 13. The ATTD of added lipid and DE content of lipids were negatively affected (linear, < 0.001) with increasing FFA concentrations, but negative effects were less pronounced with increasing U:S (interaction, < 0.05). Coefficients of ATTD for the added lipid and DE content of lipids increased with increasing U:S (quadratic, = 0.001), but these improvements were less pronounced when the FFA concentration was less than 36%. Digestible energy content of added lipid was described by DE (kcal/kg) = [8,381 - (80.6 × FFA) + (0.4 × FFA) + (248.8 × U:S) - (28.1 × U:S) + (12.8 × FFA × U:S)] ( = 0.74). This prediction equation was validated in Exp. 2, in which 24 lactating sows were fed diets supplemented with 6% of either an animal-vegetable blend (A-V; FFA = 14.5% and U:S = 2.3) or CWG (FFA = 3.7% and U:S = 1.5) plus a control diet with no added lipids. Digestible energy content of A-V (8,317 and 8,127 kcal/kg for measured and predicted values, respectively) and CWG (8,452 and 8,468 kcal/kg for measured and predicted values, respectively) were accurately estimated using the proposed equation. The proposed equation involving FFA concentration and U:S resulted in highly accurate estimations of DE content (relative error, +0.2 to -2.3%) of commercial sources of lipids for lactating sows.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Rosero, D. S. and Odle, J. and Arellano, C. and Boyd, R. D. and Heugten, E.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={1165–1176} }
 @article{dunne_reynolds_miller_arellano_brandenburg_schoeman_yelyerton_milla-lewis_2015, title={Identification of South African bermudagrass germplasm with shade tolerance}, volume={50}, number={10}, journal={HortScience}, author={Dunne, J. C. and Reynolds, W. C. and Miller, G. L. and Arellano, C. and Brandenburg, R. L. and Schoeman, A. and Yelyerton, F. H. and Milla-Lewis, S. R.}, year={2015}, pages={1419–1425} }
 @article{cardoza_drake_jordan_schroeder-moreno_arellano_brandenburg_2015, title={Impact of Location, Cropping History, Tillage, and Chlorpyrifos on Soil Arthropods in Peanut}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/nvv074}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Demand for agricultural production systems that are both economically viable and environmentally conscious continues to increase. In recent years, reduced tillage systems, and grass and pasture rotations have been investigated to help maintain or improve soil quality, increase crop yield, and decrease labor requirements for production. However, documentation of the effects of reduced tillage, fescue rotation systems as well as other management practices, including pesticides, on pest damage and soil arthropod activity in peanut production for the Mid-Atlantic US region is still limited. Therefore, this project was implemented to assess impacts of fescue-based rotation systems on pests and other soil organisms when compared with cash crop rotation systems over four locations in eastern North Carolina. In addition, the effects of tillage (strip vs. conventional) and soil chlorpyrifos application on pod damage and soil-dwelling organisms were also evaluated. Soil arthropod populations were assessed by deploying pitfall traps containing 50% ethanol in each of the sampled plots. Results from the present study provide evidence that location significantly impacts pest damage and soil arthropod diversity in peanut fields. Cropping history also influenced arthropod diversity, with higher diversity in fescue compared with cash crop fields. Corn rootworm damage to pods was higher at one of our locations (Rocky Mount) compared with all others. Cropping history (fescue vs. cash crop) did not have an effect on rootworm damage, but increased numbers of hymenopterans, acarina, heteropterans, and collembolans in fescue compared with cash crop fields. Interestingly, there was an overall tendency for higher number of soil arthropods in traps placed in chlorpyrifos-treated plots compared with nontreated controls.}, number={4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Cardoza, Yasmin J. and Drake, Wendy L. and Jordan, David L. and Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle S. and Arellano, Consuelo and Brandenburg, Rick L.}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={951–959} }
 @article{cacho_youssef_chescheir_skaggs_leggett_sucre_nettles_arellano_2015, title={Impacts of switchgrass-loblolly pine intercropping on soil physical properties of a drained forest}, volume={58}, DOI={10.13031/trans.58.11238}, abstractNote={Intercropping switchgrass ( L.) with managed loblolly pine ( L.) has been proposed as an alternative source of bioenergy feedstock that does not require conversion of agricultural cropland. Different management practices may alter soil physical properties (SPP), which could influence productivity, hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of switchgrass-loblolly pine intercropping on the SPP of a poorly drained forest soil in eastern North Carolina using three management regimes: young loblolly pine stand (PINE), switchgrass-pine intercropping (PSWITCH), and a 38-year-old loblolly pine stand (REF). Measurements of SPP were conducted before and after the third annual harvesting operation using intact soil cores taken from three points within each of three replicated plots and at three depths: 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm. Pre- and post-harvest values of SPP in PSWITCH were not significantly different. Compared to PINE, changes in bulk density and in both total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in PSWITCH were significant only in the top 30 and 15 cm of soil, respectively. Volume drained and drainable porosity in PSWITCH decreased significantly at water table depths ≤45 cm. Cumulative effects of V-shearing for switchgrass seedbed preparation and the first and second harvest operations may have caused structural changes to the surface soil layer in PSWITCH that subsequently resulted in the measured differences in SPP between PSWITCH and PINE. We suggest that soil disturbance should be minimized during field operations to lessen the adverse effects on SPP, and models used to quantify impacts of management practices and land use change on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of managed forests should consider SPP changes caused by management regimes.}, number={6}, journal={Transactions of the ASABE}, author={Cacho, J. F. and Youssef, M. A. and Chescheir, G. M. and Skaggs, R. W. and Leggett, Zakiya H and Sucre, E. B. and Nettles, J. E. and Arellano, C.}, year={2015}, pages={1573–1583} }
 @article{ponnusamy_schal_wesson_arellano_apperson_2015, title={Oviposition responses of Aedes mosquitoes to bacterial isolates from attractive bamboo infusions}, volume={8}, journal={Parasites & Vectors}, author={Ponnusamy, L. and Schal, C. and Wesson, D. M. and Arellano, C. and Apperson, C. S.}, year={2015} }
 @article{rohrbaugh_bryan_bryan_arellano_collazo_ivanisevic_2014, title={AlGaN/GaN field effect transistors functionalized with recognition peptides}, volume={105}, ISSN={0003-6951 1077-3118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4896962}, DOI={10.1063/1.4896962}, abstractNote={Recognition peptides are used to modify AlGaN/GaN field effect transistors. The recognition sequence, SVSVGMKPSPRP, was compared to other biomolecules and subsequently the device stability was examined. Changes in the electrical characteristic were recorded using current-voltage measurements at a VD of 1 V and VG of −1 V. The recognition sequence coatings yielded an average increase in ID of 96.43% compared to initial values. Exposure to solution removed the peptides from the devices indicating a weak interaction between adsorbate and the semiconductor surfaces. The peptide coatings are suitable for simple device modification for short-term recognition studies.}, number={13}, journal={Applied Physics Letters}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Rohrbaugh, N. and Bryan, I. and Bryan, Z. and Arellano, C. and Collazo, R. and Ivanisevic, A.}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={134103} }
 @article{rohrbaugh_bryan_bryan_arellano_collazo_ivanisevic_2014, title={AlGaN/GaN field effect transistors functionalized with recognition peptides}, volume={105}, number={13}, journal={Applied Physics Letters}, author={Rohrbaugh, N. and Bryan, I. and Bryan, Z. and Arellano, C. and Collazo, R. and Ivanisevic, A.}, year={2014} }
 @article{leprevost_storm_asuaje_arellano_cope_2014, title={Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit: A Curriculum for Enhancing Farmworkers' Understanding of Pesticide Safety Concepts}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1545-0813"]}, DOI={10.1080/1059924x.2014.886538}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Among agricultural workers, migrant and seasonal farmworkers have been recognized as a special risk population because these laborers encounter cultural challenges and linguistic barriers while attempting to maintain their safety and health within their working environments. The crop-specific Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit (Toolkit) is a pesticide safety and health curriculum designed to communicate to farmworkers pesticide hazards commonly found in their working environments and to address Worker Protection Standard (WPS) pesticide training criteria for agricultural workers. The goal of this preliminary study was to test evaluation items for measuring knowledge increases among farmworkers and to assess the effectiveness of the Toolkit in improving farmworkers’ knowledge of key WPS and risk communication concepts when the Toolkit lesson was delivered by trained trainers in the field. After receiving training on the curriculum, four participating trainers provided lessons using the Toolkit as part of their regular training responsibilities and orally administered a pre- and post-lesson evaluation instrument to 20 farmworker volunteers who were generally representative of the national farmworker population. Farmworker knowledge of pesticide safety messages significantly (P < .05) increased after participation in the lesson. Further, items with visual alternatives were found to be most useful in discriminating between more and less knowledgeable farmworkers. The pilot study suggests that the Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit is an effective, research-based pesticide safety and health intervention for the at-risk farmworker population and identifies a testing format appropriate for evaluating the Toolkit and other similar interventions for farmworkers in the field.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGROMEDICINE}, author={LePrevost, Catherine E. and Storm, Julia F. and Asuaje, Cesar R. and Arellano, Consuelo and Cope, W. Gregory}, year={2014}, pages={96–102} }
 @article{leprevost_storm_asuaje_arellano_cope_2014, title={Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pesticides and Farmworker Health Toolkit: A Curriculum for Enhancing Farmworkers’ Understanding of Pesticide Safety Concepts}, volume={19}, ISSN={1059-924X 1545-0813}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2014.890991}, DOI={10.1080/1059924X.2014.890991}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agromedicine}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={LePrevost, Catherine E. and Storm, Julia F. and Asuaje, Cesar R. and Arellano, Consuelo and Cope, W. Gregory}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={222–223} }
 @article{wilkins_greenough_arellano_paskova_ivanisevic_2014, title={In Situ Chemical Functionalization of Gallium Nitride with Phosphonic Acid Derivatives during Etching}, volume={30}, ISSN={0743-7463 1520-5827}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/LA404511B}, DOI={10.1021/la404511b}, abstractNote={In situ functionalization of polar (c plane) and nonpolar (a plane) gallium nitride (GaN) was performed by adding (3-bromopropyl) phosphonic acid or propyl phosphonic acid to a phosphoric acid etch. The target was to modulate the emission properties and oxide formation of GaN, which was explored through surface characterization with atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and water contact angle. The use of (3-bromopropyl) phosphonic acid and propyl phosphonic acid in phosphoric acid demonstrated lower amounts of gallium oxide formation and greater hydrophobicity for both sample sets, while also improving PL emission of polar GaN samples. In addition to crystal orientation, growth-related factors such as defect density in bulk GaN versus thin GaN films residing on sapphire substrates were investigated as well as their responses to in situ functionalization. Thin nonpolar GaN layers were the most sensitive to etching treatments due in part to higher defect densities (stacking faults and threading dislocations), which accounts for large surface depressions. High-quality GaN (both free-standing bulk polar and bulk nonpolar) demonstrated increased sensitivity to oxide formation. Room-temperature PL stands out as an excellent technique to identify nonradiative recombination as observed in the spectra of heteroepitaxially grown GaN samples. The chemical methods applied to tune optical and physical properties of GaN provide a quantitative framework for future novel chemical and biochemical sensor development.}, number={8}, journal={Langmuir}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Wilkins, Stewart J. and Greenough, Michelle and Arellano, Consuelo and Paskova, Tania and Ivanisevic, Albena}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={2038–2046} }
 @article{george_shankle_main_pecota_arellano_yencho_2014, title={Sweetpotato grown from root pieces displays a significant genotype x environment interaction and yield instability}, volume={49}, number={8}, journal={HortScience}, author={George, N. A. and Shankle, M. and Main, J. and Pecota, K. V. and Arellano, C. and Yencho, G. C.}, year={2014}, pages={984–990} }
 @article{ruddle_cardinal_upchurch_arellano_miranda_2013, title={Agronomic Effects of Mutations in Two Soybean Delta 9-Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein-Desaturases}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2013.02.0120}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Ruddle, Paul, II and Cardinal, Andrea and Upchurch, Robert G. and Arellano, Consuelo and Miranda, Lilian}, year={2013}, pages={1887–1893} }
 @article{makowski_bryan_sitar_arellano_xie_collazo_ivanisevic_2013, title={Erratum: “Kinase detection with gallium nitride based high electron mobility transistors” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 013701 (2013)]}, volume={103}, ISSN={0003-6951 1077-3118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819200}, DOI={10.1063/1.4819200}, abstractNote={[This corrects the article on p. 013701 in vol. 103.].}, number={8}, journal={Applied Physics Letters}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Makowski, Matthew S. and Bryan, Isaac and Sitar, Zlatko and Arellano, Consuelo and Xie, Jinqiao and Collazo, Ramon and Ivanisevic, Albena}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={089902} }
 @article{cowger_arellano_2013, title={Fusarium graminearum Infection and Deoxynivalenol Concentrations During Development of Wheat Spikes}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1943-7684"]}, DOI={10.1094/phyto-03-12-0054-r}, abstractNote={ Fusarium head blight (FHB) affects whole spikes of small grain plants, yet little is known about how FHB develops following infection, or about the concentration or progression of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in non-grain spike tissues. Fusarium mycotoxin levels in whole small-grain spikes are of concern to producers of whole-crop silage, as well as users of straw containing chaff for animal bedding or winter livestock rations. A 2-year field experiment was performed in Kinston, NC to reveal the time course of FHB development. Eight winter wheat cultivars with varying levels of FHB resistance were used in the 2006 experiment, and four of them were used in 2007. Plots were spray-inoculated with Fusarium graminearum macroconidia at mid-anthesis. Four durations of post-anthesis mist were applied: 0, 10, 20, or 30 days. Spike samples were collected and bulked by plot at 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 days after anthesis (daa); samples were separated into grain, glume, and rachis fractions. Increasing durations of post-anthesis moisture elevated grain DON and reduced the effect of cultivar on DON, presumably by affecting the expression of resistance, in all spike tissues. Fusarium-damaged kernels increased from early kernel-hard to harvest-ripe in both years. Percent infected kernels increased from medium-milk to harvest-ripe. During grainfill, DON concentrations declined in grain but increased in rachises and glumes, peaking at early kernel-hard, before declining. Higher mean and maximum DON levels were observed in rachises and glumes than in grain. Estimated whole-spike DON peaked at early kernel-hard. In a high-FHB year, whole-plant harvest for forage should be conducted as early as possible. Straw that may be consumed by livestock could contain significant amounts of DON in chaff, and DON can be minimized if straw is sourced from low-symptom crops. Cultivar FHB resistance ratings and disease data should be useful in predicting whole-spike DON levels. Overall, associations between grain DON levels in harvest-ripe and prior samples were stronger the later the prior samples were collected, suggesting limits to the possibility of predicting harvest-ripe grain DON from earlier levels. }, number={5}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={Cowger, Christina and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={460–471} }
 @article{stell_roe_arellano_apperson_2013, title={Innovative Sugar-Insecticide Feeding Bioassay for Adult Female Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1938-2928"]}, DOI={10.1603/me12213}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT 
 The primary malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), is an anthropophagic and endophilic mosquito targeted for control with insecticides applied to interior resting surfaces and impregnated onto bed net materials. Effective malaria vector management involves monitoring the insecticide susceptibility of mosquito populations. Contemporary bioassays are based on mosquito contact with insecticide residues. We developed an innovative insecticide bioassay system that involves mosquito ingestion of a sugar-insecticide solution. The sucrose—permethrin solution in our bioassay system contained Trypan blue dye, creating a visual marker of insecticide ingestion in the mosquito's abdomen. Blue fecal spots deposited in the bioassay container provided further evidence of mosquito feeding. We used our bioassay to characterize the permethrin susceptibility of adult females of two strains of A. gambiae, one of which was susceptible and the other exhibited reduced susceptibility to permethrin. We compared the dose-response of both strains to permethrin in a forced-contact filter paper bioassay. Both assay approaches produced similar dose-dependent mortality, indicating that the feeding bioassay had appropriately characterized permethrin susceptibility for both mosquito strains.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Stell, F. M. and Roe, R. M. and Arellano, C. and Apperson, C. S.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={804–815} }
 @article{makowski_bryan_sitar_arellano_xie_collazo_ivanisevic_2013, title={Kinase detection with gallium nitride based high electron mobility transistors}, volume={103}, ISSN={0003-6951 1077-3118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812987}, DOI={10.1063/1.4812987}, abstractNote={A label-free kinase detection system was fabricated by the adsorption of gold nanoparticles functionalized with kinase inhibitor onto AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The HEMTs were operated near threshold voltage due to the greatest sensitivity in this operational region. The Au NP/HEMT biosensor system electrically detected 1 pM SRC kinase in ionic solutions. These results are pertinent to drug development applications associated with kinase sensing.}, number={1}, journal={Applied Physics Letters}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Makowski, Matthew S. and Bryan, Isaac and Sitar, Zlatko and Arellano, Consuelo and Xie, Jinqiao and Collazo, Ramon and Ivanisevic, Albena}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={013701} }
 @article{leprevost_gray_hernandez-pelletier_bouma_arellano_cope_2013, title={Need for Improved Risk Communication of Fish Consumption Advisories to Protect Maternal and Child Health: Influence of Primary Informants}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph10051720}, abstractNote={Fish consumption has established benefits, including the promotion of cardiovascular health and pre- and neonatal brain and eye development, but local freshwater fish may be a source of contaminants that are especially harmful to fetuses and young children, such as the neurotoxic and developmentally toxic methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls. Fish consumption advisories may be issued by state health departments to limit human exposure to these and other toxicants. This study examined the efficacy of a sign designed by the North Carolina Division of Public Health that was posted along a reservoir (Badin Lake) in central North Carolina, USA, for increasing anglers’ awareness of a fish consumption advisory, with a special focus on anglers who share their catch with women and children. In this study, 109 anglers were interviewed about their awareness of fish consumption advisories in general and their knowledge of the Badin Lake fish advisory in particular. Shore anglers were significantly less likely to be aware of the term “fish consumption advisory” and of the specific advisory for Badin Lake than boat anglers. Although a significant increase in knowledge of the specific fish consumption advisory was found for the entire sample of study participants after the sign intervention, a commensurate increase in knowledge was not found for a subsample of anglers who reported sharing their catch with women and children. Study findings underscore differences in fish consumption advisory awareness among subpopulations. Specifically, the study revealed the importance of characterizing the communication needs of shore anglers and anglers who share their catch with sensitive subpopulations (e.g., women and children) for the creation of more targeted communications of fish consumption advisories.}, number={5}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={LePrevost, Catherine E. and Gray, Kathleen M. and Hernandez-Pelletier, Mercedes and Bouma, Brennan D. and Arellano, Consuelo and Cope, W. Gregory}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={1720–1734} }
 @article{makowski_kim_gaillard_janes_manfra_bryan_sitar_arellano_xie_collazo_et al._2013, title={Physisorption of functionalized gold nanoparticles on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for sensing applications}, volume={102}, ISSN={0003-6951 1077-3118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4791788}, DOI={10.1063/1.4791788}, abstractNote={AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were used to measure electrical characteristics of physisorbed gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) functionalized with alkanethiols with a terminal methyl, amine, or carboxyl functional group. Additional alkanethiol was physisorbed onto the NP treated devices to distinguish between the effects of the Au NPs and alkanethiols on HEMT operation. Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and electrical measurements were used to characterize the treatment effects. The HEMTs were operated near threshold voltage due to the greatest sensitivity in this region. The Au NP/HEMT system electrically detected functional group differences on adsorbed NPs which is pertinent to biosensor applications.}, number={7}, journal={Applied Physics Letters}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Makowski, M. S. and Kim, S. and Gaillard, M. and Janes, D. and Manfra, M. J. and Bryan, I. and Sitar, Z. and Arellano, C. and Xie, J. and Collazo, R. and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={074102} }
 @article{emerine_richardson_arellano_2013, title={Porcelain Berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata), Bushkiller (Cayratia japonica), and Virginia-Creeper,(Parthenocissus quinquefolia) in Interspecific Competition.}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1939-747X"]}, DOI={10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00008.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Emerine, Sherrie E. and Richardson, Robert J. and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2013}, pages={99–104} }
 @article{stell_roe_arellano_kennedy_thornton_saavedra-rodriguez_wesson_black_apperson_2013, title={Proof of concept for a novel insecticide bioassay based on sugar feeding by adult Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti)}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1365-2915"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01048.x}, abstractNote={Aedes aegypti L. (Stegomyia aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the principal vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Disease management is largely based on mosquito control achieved by insecticides applied to interior resting surfaces and through space sprays. Population monitoring to detect insecticide resistance is a significant component of integrated disease management programmes. We developed a bioassay method for assessing insecticide susceptibility based on the feeding activity of mosquitoes on plant sugars. Our prototype sugar‐insecticide feeding bioassay system was composed of inexpensive, disposable components, contained minimal volumes of insecticide, and was compact and highly transportable. Individual mosquitoes were assayed in a plastic cup that contained a sucrose‐permethrin solution. Trypan blue dye was added to create a visual marker in the mosquito's abdomen for ingested sucrose‐permethrin solution. Blue faecal spots provided further evidence of solution ingestion. With the sugar‐insecticide feeding bioassay, the permethrin susceptibility of Ae. aegypti females from two field‐collected strains was characterized by probit analysis of dosage‐response data. The field strains were also tested by forced contact of females with permethrin residues on filter paper. Dosage‐response patterns were similar, indicating that the sugar‐insecticide feeding bioassay had appropriately characterized the permethrin susceptibility of the two strains.}, number={3}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Stell, F. M. and Roe, R. M. and Arellano, C. and Kennedy, L. and Thornton, H. and Saavedra-Rodriguez, K. and Wesson, D. M. and Black, W. C. and Apperson, C. S.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={284–297} }
 @article{venkitasubramanian_yannayon_kim_donahue_koromia_doshi_venkateswaran_arellano_mazur_2013, title={Q-Tip Empirical Evaluation of Hand Hygiene Compliance}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1062-8606"]}, DOI={10.1177/1062860612464733}, abstractNote={The online version of this article can be found at:€DOI: 10.1177/1062860612464733American Journal of Medical Quality 2013 28: 81 originally published online 15 November 2012Venkateswaran, Consuelo Arellano and Lukasz M. MazurAkshay Venkitasubramanian, Jamie Yannayon, Bomin Kim, Devin Donahue, George A. Koromia, Niyati Doshi, Aravind}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL QUALITY}, author={Venkitasubramanian, Akshay and Yannayon, Jamie and Kim, Bomin and Donahue, Devin and Koromia, George A. and Doshi, Niyati and Venkateswaran, Aravind and Arellano, Consuelo and Mazur, Lukasz M.}, year={2013}, pages={81–81} }
 @article{carr_roe_arellano_sonenshine_schal_apperson_2013, title={Responses of Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilisto odorants that attract haematophagous insects}, volume={27}, ISSN={0269-283X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01024.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01024.x}, abstractNote={Carbon dioxide (CO2), 1‐octen‐3‐ol, acetone, ammonium hydroxide, L‐lactic‐acid, dimethyl trisulphide and isobutyric acid were tested as attractants for two tick species, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae), in dose–response bioassays using Y‐tube olfactometers. Only CO2, acetone, 1‐octen‐3‐ol and ammonium hydroxide elicited significant preferences from adult A. americanum, and only CO2 was attractive to adult D. variabilis. Acetone, 1‐octen‐3‐ol and ammonium hydroxide were separately evaluated at three doses against CO2 (from dry ice) at a field site supporting a natural population of A. americanum nymphs and adults. Carbon dioxide consistently attracted the highest number of host‐seeking ticks. However, for the first time, acetone, 1‐octen‐3‐ol and ammonium hydroxide were shown to attract high numbers of A. americanum. Further research is needed to determine the utility of these semiochemicals as attractants in tick surveillance and area‐wide management programmes.}, number={1}, journal={Medical and Veterinary Entomology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Carr, A. L. and Roe, R. M. and Arellano, C. and Sonenshine, D. E. and Schal, C. and Apperson, C. S.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={86–95} }
 @article{belcher_zwonitzer_cruz_krakowsky_chung_nelson_arellano_balint-kurti_2012, title={Analysis of quantitative disease resistance to southern leaf blight and of multiple disease resistance in maize, using near-isogenic lines}, volume={124}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84860880839&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-011-1718-1}, abstractNote={Maize inbred lines NC292 and NC330 were derived by repeated backcrossing of an elite source of southern leaf blight (SLB) resistance (NC250P) to the SLB-susceptible line B73, with selection for SLB resistance among and within backcross families at each generation. Consequently, while B73 is very SLB susceptible, its sister lines NC292 and NC330 are both SLB resistant. Previously, we identified the 12 introgressions from NC250P that differentiate NC292 and NC330 from B73. The goals of this study were to determine the effects of each introgression on resistance to SLB and to two other foliar fungal diseases of maize, northern leaf blight and gray leaf spot. This was achieved by generating and testing a set of near isogenic lines carry single or combinations of just two or three introgressions in a B73 background. Introgressions 3B, 6A, and 9B (bins 3.03-3.04, 6.01, and 9.02-9.03) all conferred significant levels of SLB resistance in the field. Introgression 6A was the only introgression that had a significant effect on juvenile plant resistance to SLB. Introgressions 6A and 9B conferred resistance to multiple diseases.}, number={3}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Belcher, Araby R. and Zwonitzer, John C. and Cruz, Jose Santa and Krakowsky, Mathew D. and Chung, Chia-Lin and Nelson, Rebecca and Arellano, Consuelo and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={433–445} }
 @article{stucky_gadd_arellano_2012, title={Pollination biology and seed production of a federally endangered perennial, Echinacea laevigata (Asteraceae:Heliantheae)}, volume={168}, DOI={10.1674/0003-0031-168.1.93}, abstractNote={Abstract Pollination biology and factors affecting reproductive success of the federally endangered Echinacea laevigata (coneflower) were studied in one large and five small populations. Insect visitor exclusion from flowering heads and pollination treatments showed that seed production was 10x higher in open-pollinated treatments compared to bagged flowers that were not pollinated and 20x higher than flower heads receiving self pollen suggesting that cross-pollination was responsible for most seed production. Peak flowering occurred the 2nd–4th wk of Jun. 2004 and the large population contributed 50–68% of the flowering individuals in its plant community. During this period, Bombus (Apidae, bumblebees), Hesperiidae (skippers), and Megachile (Megachilidae, leaf-cutter bees) accounted for 73%, 12%, and 11% of the observed visits to coneflower, respectively. Species richness of coneflower flower visitors and number of flower visits was lower in each small population than in the large population. However, comparison of seed production between heads receiving supplemental pollen and open-pollination heads indicated that seed production was not pollen limited. In addition, over 93% of pollen grains stained normally in cotton blue-lactophenol in all six populations suggesting that pollen viability was high in small and large populations. However, seed production in the large population exceeded that in each of three small populations during 2005, and seedling size was larger in the large population compared to seedlings from one of the small populations. Comparison of soil cation concentrations among populations suggested that cations did not limit seed production. We suggest that genetic factors, such as inbreeding or low S allele variation, may limit seed production in the small populations.}, number={1}, journal={American Midland Naturalist}, author={Stucky, J. M. and Gadd, L. E. and Arellano, C.}, year={2012}, pages={93–111} }
 @article{rosero_heugten_odle_arellano_boyd_2012, title={Response of the modern lactating sow and progeny to source and level of supplemental dietary fat during high ambient temperatures}, volume={90}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84882715021&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2012-4242}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to determine the response to increments of 2 sources of dietary fat on lactating sow and progeny performance during high ambient temperatures. Data were collected from 391 sows (PIC Camborough) from June to September in a 2,600-sow commercial unit in Oklahoma. Sows were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments and a control diet. Factors included 1) fat sources, animal-vegetable blend (A-V) and choice white grease (CWG), and 2) fat levels (2%, 4%, and 6%). The A-V blend contained 14.5% FFA with an iodine value of 89, peroxide value of 4.2 mEq/kg, and anisidine value of 23, whereas CWG contained 3.7% FFA with an iodine value of 62, peroxide value of 9.8 mEq/kg, and anisidine value of 5. Diets were corn-soybean meal based, with 8.0% distillers dried grains with solubles and 6.0% wheat middlings, and contained 3.56-g standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal ME. Sows were balanced by parity, with 192 and 199 sows representing parity 1 and parity 3 to 5, respectively. Feed refusal increased linearly (P < 0.001) with the addition of supplemental fat, but feed and energy intake increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary fat. Sows fed CWG diets had reduced (linear, P < 0.05) BW loss during lactation. Litter growth rate was not affected by additional dietary fat. Addition of CWG to the diets improved G:F (sow and litter gain relative to feed intake) compared with the G:F of sows fed the control diet or the diets containing the A-V blend (0.50, 0.43, and 0.44, respectively; P < 0.05). Gain:ME (kg/Mcal ME) was greater (P < 0.05) for CWG (0.146) than A-V blend (0.129) but was not different from that of the control diet (0.131). Addition of A-V blend and CWG both improved (P < 0.05) conception and farrowing rates and subsequent litter size compared with the control diet. In conclusion, energy intake increased with the addition of fat. The A-V blend contained a greater amount of aldehydes (quantified by anisidine value) and was more susceptible to oxidation, resulting in reduced feed efficiency than CWG. Subsequent litter size and reproductive performance was improved by inclusion of both sources of fat in diets fed to lactating sows.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Animal Science}, author={Rosero, D.S. and Heugten, E. and Odle, Jack and Arellano, C. and Boyd, R.D.}, year={2012}, pages={2609–2619} }
 @article{rosero_heugten_odle_cabrera_arellano_boyd_2012, title={Sow and litter response to supplemental dietary fat in lactation diets during high ambient temperatures}, volume={90}, ISSN={["0021-8812"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856294956&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2011-4049}, abstractNote={The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of supplemental dietary fat on total lactation energy intake and sow and litter performance during high ambient temperatures (27 ± 3°C). Data were collected from 337 mixed-parity sows from July to September in a 2,600-sow commercial unit in Oklahoma. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based with 7.5% corn distillers dried grains with solubles and 6.0% wheat middlings and contained 3.24 g of standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal of ME. Animal-vegetable fat blend (A-V) was supplemented at 0, 2, 4, or 6%. Sows were balanced by parity, with 113, 109, and 115 sows representing parity 1, 2, and 3 to 7 (P3+), respectively. Feed disappearance (subset of 190 sows; 4.08, 4.18, 4.44, and 4.34 kg/d, for 0, 2, 4, and 6%, respectively; P < 0.05) and apparent caloric intake (12.83, 13.54, 14.78, and 14.89 Mcal of ME/d, respectively; P < 0.001) increased linearly with increasing dietary fat. Gain:feed (sow and litter BW gain relative to feed intake) was not affected (P = 0.56), but gain:Mcal ME declined linearly with the addition of A-V (0.16, 0.15, 0.15, and 0.14 for 0, 2, 4, and 6%, respectively; P < 0.01). Parity 1 sows (3.95 kg/d) had less (P < 0.05) feed disappearance than P2 (4.48 kg/d) and P3+ (4.34 kg/d) sows. Body weight change in P1 sows was greater (P < 0.01) than either P2 or P3+ sows (-0.32 vs. -0.07 and 0.12 kg/d), whereas backfat loss was less (P < 0.05) and loin depth gain was greater (P < 0.05) in P3+ sows compared with P1 and P2 sows. Dietary A-V improved litter ADG (P < 0.05; 1.95, 2.13, 2.07, and 2.31 kg/d for 0, 2, 4, and 6% fat, respectively) only in P3+ sows. Sows bred within 8 d after weaning (58.3, 72.0, 70.2, and 74.7% for 0, 2, 4, and 6%, respectively); conception rate (78.5, 89.5, 89.2, and 85.7%) and farrowing rate (71.4, 81.4, 85.5, and 78.6%) were improved (P < 0.01) by additional A-V, but weaning-to-breeding interval was not affected. Rectal and skin temperature and respiration rate of sows were greater (P < 0.002) when measured at wk 3 compared with wk 1 of lactation, but were not affected by A-V addition. Parity 3+ sows had lower (P < 0.05) rectal temperature than P1 and P2 sows, and respiration rate was reduced (P < 0.001) in P1 sows compared with P2 and P3+ sows. In conclusion, A-V improved feed disappearance and caloric intake, resulting in improved litter weight gain and subsequent reproductive performance of sows; however, feed and caloric efficiency were negatively affected.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Rosero, D. S. and Heugten, E. and Odle, J. and Cabrera, R. and Arellano, C. and Boyd, R. D.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={550–559} }
 @article{molina-bravo_arellano_sosinski_fernandez_2011, title={A protocol to assess heat tolerance in a segregating population of raspberry using chlorophyll fluorescence}, volume={130}, ISSN={["1879-1018"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scienta.2011.07.022}, abstractNote={A detached leaf protocol was developed to assess heat tolerance in raspberry (Rubus L. subgenus Idaeobatus) by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence. In order to establish the heat screen protocol for field measurements in a segregating population, several baseline experiments were performed on genotypes with known heat tolerance based on visual observations in multiple climates. ‘Mandarin’ and ‘Qualicum’ were used as heat tolerant and heat susceptible controls, respectively. We determined that: optimum collection time was in the morning before ambient temperatures reached 28 °C, critical temperature (Tc) was 45 °C, minimum duration of dark adaptation was 15 min, and optimum heat shock duration was 30 min. Parameters established in baseline experiments were subsequently used for screening a large population (196 genotypes) planted in the field, where warm conditions commonly occur (maximum temperatures ranging between 30 and 35 °C). A significant difference in chlorophyll fluorescence was found between the two controls; ‘Qualicum’, the heat sensitive cultivar, had the lowest Fv/Fm (variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence) value, while 18.8% of the segregating population had a higher Fv/Fm value than ‘Mandarin’, the heat tolerant cultivar. We have identified 106 individuals with an Fv/Fm above 0.600 (representing 52% of the population), and 7 individuals above 0.680 (4% of the population). The distribution of heat tolerance within the population was essentially normal, and thus quantitative trait analysis is a plausible approach for studying heat tolerance. This protocol has potential application to other Rosaceae species, and is not dependent on visual assessment.}, number={3}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Molina-Bravo, Ramon and Arellano, Consuelo and Sosinski, Bryon R. and Fernandez, Gina E.}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={524–530} }
 @article{little_arellano_kennedy_cardoza_2011, title={Bottom-up effects mediated by an organic soil amendment on the cabbage aphid pests Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae}, volume={139}, ISSN={["1570-7458"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01112.x}, abstractNote={Earthworm‐produced compost or vermicompost has been shown to increase resistance of plants to a variety of insect pests, but it is still unclear whether this resistance is dose dependent and whether the mechanisms responsible are the same for insect species with differing feeding habits and preferences. Therefore, we tested the effects of plants grown in various vermicompost concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 60%) on the preference and performance of generalist, Myzus persicae L., and specialist, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (both Hemiptera: Aphididae), aphid pests. Preference was evaluated with leaf disk (apterous) and whole plant (alate) choice assays. After 24 h of feeding, there was no significant negative effect on the feeding preference noted for apterae of either species of any of the treatments tested. To the contrary, apterae B. brassicae showed a significant preference for vermicompost treatments over control leaf disks. Alate M. persicae preferred alighting on control plants over vermicompost‐grown plants, but B. brassicae showed no preference toward any of the treatments tested. Both aphid species deposited significantly more nymphs on control plants than on those grown in 20% vermicompost. Furthermore, plants grown in soil amended with 20% vermicompost significantly suppressed mass accumulation, as well as numbers of adults and nymphs of both aphid species compared to controls. These data clearly show that vermicompost soil amendments can significantly influence pest aphid preference and performance on plants and that these effects are not dose dependent, but rather species and morph dependent.}, number={2}, journal={ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA}, author={Little, Amos G. and Arellano, Consuelo and Kennedy, George G. and Cardoza, Yasmin J.}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={111–119} }
 @article{kretschmar_bailey_arellano_thompson_sutula_roe_2011, title={Feeding disruption tests for monitoring the frequency of larval lepidopteran resistance to Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry1Ab}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1873-6904"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2011.03.017}, abstractNote={An alternative to traditional larval lepidopteran resistance-monitoring bioassays was developed. Feeding disruption tests were developed for detecting insects resistant to three Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins: Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry1Ab. The assays rely on a diagnostic dose of Bt toxin in 100-μl hydratable meal pads of artificial diet containing blue indicator dye. The assay was formatted as a portable (palm-sized) plastic plate containing an array of 16 test wells, each containing a single hydratable meal pad with one insect added per well. The diagnostic dose was the concentration of Bt in meal pad rehydration solution that reduced 24 h dyed fecal production of Bt-susceptible neonates to ≤2 fecal pellets per larva. Bt-resistant neonates were able to consume the diagnostic dose of the insecticidal protein and produce >2 blue fecal pellets. The feces were distinctly visible on the white background of the feeding disruption test plate. Diagnostic doses were determined with lab-strain Bt-susceptible Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea. For H. virescens, the diagnostic doses were 10, 20 and 15 μg/ml for Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry1Ab, respectively. For H. zea, the diagnostic doses were 40, 200 and 500 μg/ml, respectively. The assays were validated against a lab-strain of Bt-resistant H. virescens and with susceptible larval H. virescens collected as eggs from field-grown tobacco in North Carolina.}, number={7}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Kretschmar, J. B. and Bailey, W. D. and Arellano, C. and Thompson, G. D. and Sutula, C. L. and Roe, R. M.}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={863–870} }
 @article{bissinger_apperson_watson_arellano_sonenshine_roe_2011, title={Novel field assays and the comparative repellency of BioUD (R), DEET and permethrin against Amblyomma americanum}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1365-2915"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00923.x}, abstractNote={Two new field bioassay methods were developed to compare the repellent activity of BioUD® (containing 7.75% 2‐undecanone), 98.1% DEET and 0.5% permethrin against natural populations of nymphal Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae). In a cloth sheet assay, pieces of material measuring 41 × 58 cm, separately treated with one of the test materials or the appropriate solvent carrier, were placed at random on the ground and baited with dry ice for 1 h. Mean numbers of ticks on repellent‐treated sheets were significantly lower than on control sheets. There was no significant difference in the number of ticks collected between sheets treated with BioUD® and those treated with DEET. However, significantly fewer ticks were found on sheets treated with BioUD® or DEET than on permethrin‐treated sheets. In a sock test, over‐the‐calf tube socks were treated with one of the test materials or the appropriate solvent carrier. Human volunteers wore a repellent‐treated and a corresponding carrier‐treated sock on either leg and walked randomly over an area of approximately 4000 m2 for 15 min. Significantly fewer ticks were collected from socks treated with BioUD® or DEET than from socks treated with the carrier and there was no significant difference in repellency between these two agents. No difference in the mean number of ticks collected was found between permethrin‐treated and corresponding carrier‐treated socks. To examine the mechanism of repellency of BioUD®, a four‐choice olfactometer was used to assess spatial repellency against adult A. americanum. As expected in the absence of a repellent, when all choices were represented by water‐treated filter paper, ticks were equally distributed among the choices. When one choice consisted of BioUD®‐treated filter paper and the remaining choices of water‐treated paper, the distribution of ticks on the repellent‐treated paper was significantly lower than might be expected to occur by chance, suggesting that repellency is at least partly achieved by an olfactory mechanism.}, number={2}, journal={MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Bissinger, B. W. and Apperson, C. S. and Watson, D. W. and Arellano, C. and Sonenshine, D. E. and Roe, R. M.}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={217–226} }
 @article{smith_reberg-horton_place_meijer_arellano_mueller_2011, title={Rolled Rye Mulch for Weed Suppression in Organic No-Tillage Soybeans}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/ws-d-10-00112.1}, abstractNote={Rising demand for organic soybeans and high price premiums for organic products have stimulated producer interest in organic soybean production. However, organic soybean producers and those making the transition to organic production cite weed management as their main limitation. Current weed management practices heavily rely on cultivation. Repeated cultivation is expensive and has negative consequences on soil health. Research is needed to improve organic reduced tillage production. Rye cover crop mulches were evaluated for weed suppression abilities and effects on soybean yield. Experiments were planted in 2008 and 2009 at three sites. Rye was planted in the fall of each year and killed at soybean planting with a roller/crimper or flail mower, creating a thick weed-suppressing mulch with potential allelopathic properties. The mulch was augmented with one of three additional weed control tactics: preemergence (PRE) corn gluten meal (CGM), postemergence (POST) clove oil, or postemergence high-residue cultivation. Roll-crimped and flail-mowed treatments had similar weed suppression abilities at most sites. There were no differences between CGM, clove oil, or cultivation at most sites. Sites with rye biomass above 9,000 kg ha−1of dry matter provided weed control that precluded soybean yield loss from competition. In Goldsboro 2008, where rye biomass was 10,854 kg ha−1of dry matter, the soybean yield in the rolled rye treatment was not significantly different from the weed-free treatment, yielding at 2,190 and 2,143 kg ha−1, respectively. Likewise, no difference in soybean yield was found in Plymouth 2008 with a rye biomass of 9,256 kg ha−1and yields of 2,694 kg ha−1and 2,809 kg ha−1in the rolled rye and weed-free treatments, respectively. At low rye biomass levels (4,450 to 6,606 kg ha−1), the rolled rye treatment soybean yield was 628 to 822 kg ha−1less than the weed-free treatment. High rye biomass levels are critical to the success of this production system. However, high rye biomass was, in some cases, also correlated with soybean lodging severe enough to cause concern with this system.}, number={2}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Smith, Adam N. and Reberg-Horton, Chris and Place, George T. and Meijer, Alan D. and Arellano, Consuelo and Mueller, J. Paul}, year={2011}, pages={224–231} }
 @article{schmale_wood-jones_cowger_bergstrom_arellano_2011, title={Trichothecene genotypes of Gibberella zeae from winter wheat fields in the eastern USA}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1365-3059"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02443.x}, abstractNote={Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused principally by Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum), is a devastating disease of small grains such as wheat and barley worldwide. Grain infected with G. zeae may be contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Strains of G. zeae that produce DON may also produce acetylated derivatives of DON: 3‐acetyl‐DON (3‐ADON) and 15‐acetyl‐DON (15‐ADON). Gradients (clines) of 3‐ADON genotypes in Canada have raised questions about the distribution of G. zeae trichothecene genotypes in wheat fields in the eastern USA. Tri3 and Tri12 genotypes were evaluated in 998 isolates of G. zeae collected from 39 winter wheat fields in New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), Kentucky (KY) and North Carolina (NC). Ninety‐two percent (919/998) of the isolates were 15‐ADON, 7% (69/998) were 3‐ADON, and 1% (10/998) was NIV. A phylogenetic analysis based on portions of three genes (PHO, RED and URA) from 23 isolates revealed two species of Fusarium (F. graminearum sensu stricto and one isolate of F. cerealis (synonym F. crookwellense)). An increasing trend of 3‐ADON genotypes was observed from NC (south) to NY (north). Punctuated episodes of atmospheric transport may favour a higher frequency of 3‐ADON genotypes in the northeastern USA, near Canada, compared with the mid‐Atlantic states. Discoveries of the NIV genotype in NY and NC indicate the need for more intensive sampling in the surrounding regions.}, number={5}, journal={PLANT PATHOLOGY}, author={Schmale, D. G. and Wood-Jones, A. K. and Cowger, C. and Bergstrom, G. C. and Arellano, C.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={909–917} }
 @article{west_richardson_arellano_burton_2010, title={Bushkiller (Cayratia japonica) Growth in Interspecific and Intraspecific Competition}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/ws-09-051.1}, abstractNote={Bushkiller was evaluated under inter- and intraspecific competition. In experiment 1, bushkiller, trumpetcreeper, and wild grape were greenhouse-grown alone and in two or three species mixtures in pots. Of the three species, bushkiller grew the tallest and had the greatest final biomass when grown alone. When all three species were grown together, bushkiller grew over twice the height of trumpetcreeper, over three times the height of wild grape, and over four times the biomass of either competing species. Plots of height over time showed that competition did not affect bushkiller or wild grape growth rate, but trumpetcreeper growth was reduced when grown with bushkiller. In experiment 2, bushkiller was grown in cultures of one, two, and three plants per pot to determine intraspecific competition effects on growth. Final height of bushkiller was not affected by intraspecific competition; however, bushkiller biomass decreased with increasing competition.}, number={3}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={West, Amanda M. and Richardson, Robert J. and Arellano, Consuelo and Burton, Michael G.}, year={2010}, pages={195–198} }
 @article{dimick_stucky_wall_vepraskas_wentworth_arellano_2010, title={Plant-Soil-Hydrology Relationships in Three Carolina Bays in Bladen County, North Carolina}, volume={75}, ISSN={["1938-4386"]}, DOI={10.2179/09-063.1}, abstractNote={Abstract This study provides quantitative ecological targets for restoring degraded peat-based Carolina Bays in the Carolina Flatwoods Ecoregion. Cluster analysis of vegetation data from three Carolina Bay reference sites in Bladen County, North Carolina, indicated four plant communities present: pond pine (Pinus serotina) woodland, non-riverine swamp forest dominated by swamp gum (Nyssa biflora), high pocosin dominated by evergreen shrubs with scattered pond pine, and bay forest dominated by loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus). We classified bay soils according to surface organic layer thickness (OLT) into mineral, histic, shallow organic, and deep organic types. We monitored the water table of each soil type in one bay throughout one growing season. The soil types with corresponding water table regimes were: mineral (9.4 cm mean OLT with a rooting zone water table [RZWT] 39% of the monitoring period), histic (27.5 cm OLT and 76% RZWT), shallow organic (63.9 cm OLT and 84% RZWT), and deep organic (102.5 cm OLT and 57% RZWT). Pearson residual analysis and correspondence analysis revealed that pond pine woodland was positively associated with mineral and histic soils, non-riverine swamp forest with shallow organic soil, bay forest with deep organic soil, and high pocosin with deep organic soil. We concluded that peat-based Carolina Bay restoration in the Carolina Flatwoods Ecoregion should be gauged against reference data which suggests: 1) pond pine woodland be established on mineral and histic soils; 2) non-riverine swamp forest be established on shallow organic soils; and 3) high pocosin and bay forest be established on deep organic soils.}, number={4}, journal={CASTANEA}, author={Dimick, Britta P. and Stucky, Jon M. and Wall, Wade and Vepraskas, Michael J. and Wentworth, Thomas R. and Arellano, Consuello}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={407–420} }
 @article{cowger_arrellano_2010, title={Plump Kernels with High Deoxynivalenol Linked to Late Gibberella zeae Infection and Marginal Disease Conditions in Winter Wheat}, volume={100}, ISSN={["0031-949X"]}, DOI={10.1094/phyto-100-7-0719}, abstractNote={ Deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations in mature wheat grain are usually correlated with symptoms produced by Gibberella zeae infection. However, there have been numerous observations of unacceptably high DON in asymptomatic crops, which can lead to lower-than-expected milling reductions in DON. We conducted a field experiment with winter wheat to examine the effect of infection timing and postanthesis moisture on grain quality and DON accumulation. Seven to eight soft red winter wheat cultivars were grown in three successive years in a misted nursery in Kinston, NC. Spikes were randomly selected for individual spray inoculation at 0, 10, or 20 days after anthesis (daa). Starting at anthesis, plots were subjected to 0, 10, 20, or 30 days of mist. Inoculated spikes and noninoculated controls were collected at harvest-ripeness, and the threshed grain was assayed for Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and DON. In 2 of 3 years, percentages of FDK were significantly lower from 10-daa infections than from those at 0 daa, although DON concentrations were the same at the two inoculation timings in 2 of the 3 years. Those results indicate that the period of maximum susceptibility to wheat spike infections by G. zeae is close to or slightly less than 10 daa in North Carolina. In 2 of 3 years, FDK–DON correlation was greater for 0- and 10-daa inoculations and for 0- to 20-daa misted treatments than for the later-inoculated or longer-misted treatments, respectively. The percentage of “low-FDK, high DON” (LFHD) observations (defined as FDK ≤ 4.0%, DON ≥ 2 μg g–1) was higher in 2007 than in 2005 or 2006 (41, 14, and 18%, respectively). In both 2006 and 2007, high percentages of LFHD observations (≥60%) occurred under marginal disease conditions involving late infection. We conclude that late infection is an important factor leading to LFHD grain. Periods of rain soon after anthesis likely favor the low-symptom, high-DON scenario, and conditions that create greater within-crop variability of anthesis timing may also be important. }, number={7}, journal={PHYTOPATHOLOGY}, author={Cowger, Christina and Arrellano, Consuelo}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={719–728} }
 @article{ponnusamy_wesson_arellano_schal_apperson_2010, title={Species Composition of Bacterial Communities Influences Attraction of Mosquitoes to Experimental Plant Infusions}, volume={59}, ISSN={0095-3628 1432-184X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-009-9565-1}, DOI={10.1007/s00248-009-9565-1}, abstractNote={In the container habitats of immature mosquitoes, catabolism of plant matter and other organic detritus by microbial organisms produces metabolites that mediate the oviposition behavior of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Public health agencies commonly use oviposition traps containing plant infusions for monitoring populations of these mosquito species, which are global vectors of dengue viruses. In laboratory experiments, gravid females exhibited significantly diminished responses to experimental infusions made with sterilized white oak leaves, showing that attractive odorants were produced through microbial metabolic activity. We evaluated effects of infusion concentration and fermentation time on attraction of gravid females to infusions made from senescent bamboo or white oak leaves. We used plate counts of heterotrophic bacteria, total counts of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained bacterial cells, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to show that changes in the relative abundance of bacteria and the species composition of bacterial communities influenced attraction of gravid A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes to infusions. DGGE profiles showed that bacterial species composition in infusions changed over time. Principal components analysis indicated that oviposition responses to plant infusions were in general most affected by bacterial diversity and abundance. Analysis of bacterial 16S rDNA sequences derived from DGGE bands revealed that Proteobacteria (Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Gamma-) were the predominant bacteria detected in both types of plant infusions. Gravid A. aegypti were significantly attracted to a mix of 14 bacterial species cultured from bamboo leaf infusion. The oviposition response of gravid mosquitoes to plant infusions is strongly influenced by abundance and diversity of bacterial species, which in turn is affected by plant species, leaf biomass, and fermentation time.}, number={1}, journal={Microbial Ecology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Ponnusamy, Loganathan and Wesson, Dawn M. and Arellano, Consuelo and Schal, Coby and Apperson, Charles S.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={158–173} }
 @article{pandolfo_cope_arellano_2010, title={THERMAL TOLERANCE OF JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE) UNDER THE ADDED STRESS OF COPPER}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1552-8618"]}, DOI={10.1002/etc.92}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY}, author={Pandolfo, Tamara J. and Cope, W. Gregory and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={691–699} }
 @article{pandolfo_cope_arellano_bringolf_barnhart_hammer_2010, title={Upper thermal tolerances of early life stages of freshwater mussels}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0887-3593"]}, DOI={10.1899/09-128.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Freshwater mussels (order Unioniformes) fulfill an essential role in benthic aquatic communities, but also are among the most sensitive and rapidly declining faunal groups in North America. Rising water temperatures, caused by global climate change, industrial discharges, drought, or land development, could further challenge imperiled unionid communities. The aim of our study was to determine the upper thermal tolerances of the larval (glochidia) and juvenile life stages of freshwater mussels. Glochidia of 8 species of mussels were tested: Lampsilis siliquoidea, Potamilus alatus, Ligumia recta, Ellipsaria lineolata, Lasmigona complanata, Megalonaias nervosa, Alasmidonta varicosa, and Villosa delumbis. Seven of these species also were tested as juveniles. Survival trends were monitored while mussels held at 3 acclimation temperatures (17, 22, and 27°C) were exposed to a range of common and extreme water temperatures (20–42°C) in standard acute laboratory tests. The average median lethal temperature (LT50) among species in 24-h tests with glochidia was 31.6°C and ranged from 21.4 to 42.7°C. The mean LT50 in 96-h juvenile tests was 34.7°C and ranged from 32.5 to 38.8°C. Based on comparisons of LT50s, thermal tolerances differed among species for glochidia, but not for juveniles. Acclimation temperature did not affect thermal tolerance for either life stage. Our results indicate that freshwater mussels already might be living close to their upper thermal tolerances in some systems and, thus, might be at risk from rising environmental temperatures.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY}, author={Pandolfo, Tamara J. and Cope, W. Gregory and Arellano, Consuelo and Bringolf, Robert B. and Barnhart, M. Christopher and Hammer, Edward}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={959–969} }
 @article{pandolfo_cope_arellano_2009, title={Heart rate as a sublethal indicator of thermal stress in juvenile freshwater mussels}, volume={154}, ISSN={["1531-4332"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.001}, abstractNote={Freshwater mussels (Unionoida) are one of the most sensitive and rapidly declining faunal groups in the world. Rising water temperatures, caused by industrial discharges, land development, or climate change can further challenge threatened unionid communities. The direct relationship between heart rate and temperature in ectotherms enables the use of heart rate as an indicator of whole-animal thermal stress. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of heart rate as an indicator of thermal stress in freshwater mussels. Seven species of juvenile mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea, Potamilus alatus, Ligumia recta, Ellipsaria lineolata, Megalonaias nervosa, Alasmidonta varicosa, and Villosa delumbis) were evaluated in response to a range of experimental temperatures (20–36 °C) at three acclimation temperatures (17, 22, and 27 °C). Heart rate was measured by direct visual observation through transparent mussel shells. The average heart rate for all 7 species at 20 °C was 55 bpm, with a range from 38 bpm (L. recta) to 65 bpm (P. alatus). L. recta and V. delumbis exhibited significant changes in heart rate with increasing temperature at each of the three acclimation temperatures. The use of heart rate appears to be a suitable indicator of thermal stress in some unionid mussels.}, number={3}, journal={COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Pandolfo, Tamara J. and Cope, W. Gregory and Arellano, Consuelo}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={347–352} }
 @article{zwonitzer_bubeck_bhattramakki_goodman_arellano_balint-kurti_2009, title={Use of selection with recurrent backcrossing and QTL mapping to identify loci contributing to southern leaf blight resistance in a highly resistant maize line}, volume={118}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-61649093980&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-008-0949-2}, abstractNote={B73 is a historically important maize line with excellent yield potential but high susceptibility to the foliar disease southern leaf blight (SLB). NC292 and NC330 are B73 near-isogenic lines (NILs) that are highly resistant to SLB. They were derived by repeated backcrossing of an elite source of SLB resistance (NC250P) to B73, with selection for SLB resistance among and within backcross families. The goal of this paper was to characterize the loci responsible for the increased SLB resistance of NC292 and NC330 and to determine how many of the SLB disease resistance quantitative trait loci (dQTL) were selected for in the development of NC292 and NC330. Genomic regions that differentiated NC292 and NC330 from B73 and which may contribute to NC292 and NC330s enhanced SLB resistance were identified. Ten NC250P-derived introgressions were identified in both the NC292 and NC330 genomes of which eight were shared between genomes. dQTL were mapped in two F(2:3) populations derived from lines very closely related to the original parents of NC292 and NC330--(B73rhm1 x NC250A and NC250A x B73). Nine SLB dQTL were mapped in the combined populations using combined SLB disease data over all locations (SLB AllLocs). Of these, four dQTL precisely colocalized with NC250P introgressions in bins 2.05-2.06, 3.03, 6.01, and 9.02 and three were identified near NC250P introgressions in bins 1.09, 5.05-5.06, and 10.03. Therefore the breeding program used to develop NC292 and NC330 was highly effective in selecting for multiple SLB resistance alleles.}, number={5}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Science \mathplus Business Media}, author={Zwonitzer, John C. and Bubeck, David M. and Bhattramakki, Dinakar and Goodman, Major M. and Arellano, Consuelo and Balint-Kurti, Peter J.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={911–925} }
 @article{nalepa_maekawa_shimada_saito_arellano_matsumoto_2008, title={Altricial Development in Subsocial Wood-Feeding Cockroaches}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0289-0003"]}, DOI={10.2108/zsj.25.1190}, abstractNote={Abstract Species in the wood-feeding genus Salganea within the cockroach subfamily Panesthiinae (Blaberidae) typically live in biparental families; their first instars suffer high mortality when removed from adults, and in at least one species, adults are known to feed neonates on oral liquids. In the closely related gregarious wood-feeding genus Panesthia, no parental interaction with offspring is known. We compared the external morphology of first instars of these two genera and found that eye development and cuticular pigmentation at hatching are correlated with social structure. First instars of Panesthia have a dark cuticle and well-developed eyes. First instars of Salganea have a pale, transparent cuticle, and eyes significantly smaller than those of Panesthia relative to adult eye size. The body size of the first-instar of Salganea esakii is significantly smaller than that of Panesthia angustipennis spadica, relative to adult body size (24.0 and 27.4% of adult head-capsule width, respectively), but a more general survey suggests that, overall, neonate size may be similar in the two genera. We compared the first instars of these two taxa of Panesthiinae to those in the biparental, wood-feeding cockroach Cryptocercus (Cryptocercidae) and discuss how decreased investment in both integumentary and ocular development in subsocial cockroaches parallels that seen in altricial vertebrates.}, number={12}, journal={ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Nalepa, Christine A. and Maekawa, Kiyoto and Shimada, Keisuke and Saito, Yukari and Arellano, Consuelo and Matsumoto, Tadao}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={1190–1198} }
 @article{hummel_walgenbach_barbercheck_kennedy_hoyt_arellano_2002, title={Effects of production practices on soil-borne entomopathogens in western North Carolina vegetable systems}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-31.1.84}, abstractNote={Abstract Populations of endemic soil entomopathogens (nematodes and fungi) were monitored in vegetable production systems incorporating varying degrees of sustainable practices in Fletcher, NC. Two tillage types (conventional plow and disk versus conservation tillage), two input approaches (chemically versus biologically based), and two cropping schedules (continuous tomato versus 3-yr rotation of corn, cucumber, cabbage, and tomato) were employed in large plots from 1995 to 1998. A Galleria mellonella (L.) trap bioassay was used to identify and monitor activity of Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae populations during the vegetable growing season (April–September). Seasonal detection of entomopathogens was significantly higher in conservation compared with conventional tillage systems. The strip-till operation did not affect levels of detection of S. carpocapsae. Pesticide use significantly reduced detection of entomopathogenic fungi. Type of ground cover significantly affected temperature in the upper 12 cm of soil; highest soil temperatures were observed under black plastic mulch and bare ground, whereas lowest temperatures were observed under rye mulch and clover intercrop. The high soil temperatures associated with certain ground covers may have reduced entomopathogen detection or survival. Although type of tillage appeared to be the primary factor affecting survival of endemic soil entomopathogens in our system, other factors, such as pesticide use and type of ground cover, can negate the positive effects of strip-tillage.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hummel, RL and Walgenbach, JF and Barbercheck, ME and Kennedy, GG and Hoyt, GD and Arellano, C}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={84–91} }
 @article{villagarcia_carter_rufty_niewoehner_jennette_arrellano_2001, title={Genotypic rankings for aluminum tolerance of soybean roots grown in hydroponics and sand culture}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2001.4151499x}, abstractNote={Screening methodology remains a practical barrier in the breeding of Al‐tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Our objectives were to (i) develop a repeatable sand‐media culture method for Al tolerance screening of plants, (ii) compare Al response of genotypes in sand culture to a standard hydroponics‐based seedling culture, and (iii) establish a practical guide for the use of hydroponics and sand‐culture screening methods in the selection of Al‐tolerant soybean. We developed a sand‐media culture method and imposed 0 and 450 μM Al3+ activity treatments upon 10 diverse soybean genotypes. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with nine replications. Root weight and relative root surface area (RRSA) were determined at 18 d after transplanting (DAT). In hydroponics, the genotypes were compared for taproot elongation after 3 d of exposure to 0, 2, and 5 μM Al3+ activity treatments in a split plot design with six replications. Aluminum stress was imposed successfully (approximately 57% of the growth in control) in hydroponics and sand culture, but discrepancies between methods were apparent. The hydroponics‐based seedling screen produced an inflated range of genotypic response and altered Al tolerance rankings in comparison with sand culture. ‘Perry’, which was tolerant to Al in sand culture, was remarkably sensitive to Al in hydroponics. Despite the discrepancies, seedling‐based screening successfully identified three (PI 417021, PI 416937, and Biloxi) of the four genotypes that were most tolerant to Al in sand culture. Results suggested that seedling screens can play a practical role in breeding. However, their application to a specific breeding population should be validated with older plants and solid media. The RRSA appeared to be a promising measure of A1 tolerance for soybean roots.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Villagarcia, MR and Carter, TE and Rufty, TW and Niewoehner, AS and Jennette, MW and Arrellano, C}, year={2001}, pages={1499–1507} }
 @article{bianchi-hall_carter_bailey_mian_rufty_ashley_boerma_arellano_hussey_parrott_2000, title={Aluminum tolerance associated with quantitative trait loci derived from soybean PI 416937 in hydroponics}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2000.402538x}, abstractNote={Acid soils with high levels of Al impede root growth, causing increased crop sensitivity to drought and decreased nutrient acquisition. Development of Al‐tolerant cultivars may be a cost effective response to the problem. In previous investigations, we identified an Al‐tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introduction from Japan (PI 416937), and subsequently determined the heritability of the trait in a cross with Young, a highly productive Al‐sensitive cultivar. The objective of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) which condition Al tolerance by a genetic linkage map of 155 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker loci and a hydroponics‐based Al response. The 120 F4‐derived progeny from Young × PI 416937 were divided into four sets and evaluated with the parents for tap root extension in 0 and 2 μM Al3+ activity solutions (NOAL and HIAL, respectively) employing Al levels as whole plots in a split‐plot experimental design. Aluminum tolerance was defined as (i) root extension under HIAL conditions, and (ii) root extension as a percentage of control [PC = (HIAL/NOAL) × 100]. Multiple regression analysis revealed five QTL from independent linkage groups which conditioned root extension under HIAL stress. Three of the five QTL were also detected by PC as the expression of Al tolerance. While most alleles for Al tolerance were derived from the Al‐tolerant parent, PI 416937, a RFLP allele from Young (for marker EV2‐1) improved Al tolerance expressed as PC and exhibited a similar trend under HIAL stress. At present, it is not known whether the Al tolerance gene from Young, in combination with those from PI 416937, will raise Al tolerance beyond that now observed in the PI. One allele for Al tolerance from PI 416937 (for marker B122‐1) may be difficult to capitalize upon, agronomically, because of its association with a detrimental pod dehiscence factor. Further experimentation is needed to distinguish between linkage and pleiotropic effects near this marker. A favorable epistatic effect for Al tolerance was detected between two alleles from the PI 416937. The relationships revealed by marker analysis indicated that marker‐facilitated selection may be a viable approach in the breeding of Al‐tolerant soybean.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bianchi-Hall, CM and Carter, TE and Bailey, MA and Mian, MAR and Rufty, TW and Ashley, DA and Boerma, HR and Arellano, C and Hussey, RS and Parrott, WA}, year={2000}, pages={538–545} }
 @article{hummel_brandenburg_heagle_arellano_1998, title={Effects of ozone on reproduction of twospotted spider mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) on white clover}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/27.2.388}, abstractNote={Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a significant pest of peanut, Arachis hypogeae L., that continues to present problems as an induced pest despite recent widespread implementation of IPM practices. Effects of ozone (O3) on reproduction of twospotted spider mites feeding on an O3-sensitive clone and an O3-resistant clone of white clover, Trifolium repens L., were investigated in a greenhouse in continuous-stirred tank reactor chambers. Mite eggs of narrow age distribution (approximately 6 h) were placed on white clover plants exposed to 5 treatment levels of O3. Constant amounts of O3 were added to charcoal-filtered air for 6 h per day to achieve 5 mean concentrations ranging from 10 to 112 nl per liter. Plants were exposed to O3 approximately 9 d before infestation with mites; daily exposures continued for approximately 20 d after mite infestation. The developmental stage of each mite was recorded at approximately 2-d intervals until females were sexually mature (approximately 10 d) and began ovipositing. Thereafter, the cumulative number of eggs produced per mite was recorded. After approximately 5 d of oviposition, each adult mite was removed and the percentage hatch of eggs remaining on each plant was measured for an additional 5 d. Ozone caused more chlorosis and necrosis on the O3-sensitive clover clone than on the O3-resistant clover clone. Increasing O3 levels caused a significant linear decrease in developmental period of the mites. Estimates of time to 1st oviposition decreased linearly with increasing O3. Estimates of time of 1st hatch of 2nd-generation eggs decreased linearly with increasing O3. Elevated O3 levels appear to decrease the time required for female mites to develop from egg to ovipositing adult, which may have a profound effect on the intrinsic rate of population increase. Different responses by mites feeding on resistant plants versus susceptible plants suggests that this is a plant-mediated response.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hummel, RL and Brandenburg, RL and Heagle, AS and Arellano, C}, year={1998}, month={Apr}, pages={388–394} }
 @article{bianchi-hall_carter_rufty_arellano_boerma_ashley_burton_1998, title={Heritability and resource allocation of aluminum tolerance derived from soybean PI 416937}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020040x}, abstractNote={Aluminum toxicity restricts soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield in many growing areas. When correction of toxicity by management is impractical, an economically sound alternative is to develop Al tolerant cultivars. Heritability (h 2 ) estimates for Al tolerance in hydroponics would aid in the efficient design of selection programs for cultivar development. Our objectives were to determine the h 2 of Al tolerance in a F 4 -derived population using tap root extension in hydroponics culture as the indicator of tolerance. The 120 random F 4 -derived lines of sensitive 'Young' x tolerant PI 416937 were evaluated in the absence (NOAL) and presence (HIAL) of Al (2 μM Al 3+ activity) by means of a split-plot design. Aluminum stress increased seedling tap root extension 3% in PI 416937 and decreased extension in Young 53%. Mean progeny performance decreased 31%. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P < 0.05) progeny and progeny x Al interaction effects, indicating heritable genetic variation for Al tolerance. The h 2 under HIAL was moderate (0.57) on a single-replication basis and high (0.87) based upon five replicates, indicating the relative ease by which Al tolerance may be improved. Tolerance expressed as percent of control (PC) had a similar h 2 . Approximately 6% of the F 4 -derived progeny in this study were numerically similar to the parents for Al response under HIAL, suggesting that three to five genes may control Al tolerance and that a population size of 150 random inbred lines may be needed to assure full recovery of Al tolerance in the progeny of future breeding populations. Expected gain and risk avoidance analysis suggested that two or three replications are sufficient for initial screening of single seed descent (SSD) populations derived from the PI 416937 and that employment of this PI as a control enhances the ability of the breeder to discard inferior types during screening. Practical advice is presented to assist plant breeders in the efficient improvement of Al tolerance in soybean.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Bianchi-Hall, CM and Carter, TE and Rufty, TW and Arellano, C and Boerma, HR and Ashley, DA and Burton, JW}, year={1998}, pages={513–522} }
 @article{purcino_arellano_athwal_huber_1998, title={Nitrate effect on carbon and nitrogen assimilating enzymes of maize hybrids representing seven eras of breeding}, volume={43}, number={2}, journal={Maydica}, author={Purcino, A. A. C. and Arellano, C. and Athwal, G. S. and Huber, S. C.}, year={1998}, pages={83–94} }