@article{lowder_desmarais_rade_johnson_van dorn_2019, title={Reliability and Validity of START and LSI-R Assessments in Mental Health Jail Diversion Clients}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1552-3489"]}, DOI={10.1177/1073191117704505}, abstractNote={Risk assessment instruments are increasingly used in mental health jail diversion programs. This study examined the reliability and validity of Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) and Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) assessments overall and by client race. Research assistants completed START and LSI-R assessments for 95 diversion clients. Arrests and jail days were collected via official records and self-report 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after baseline. Assessments demonstrated good interrater reliability and convergent validity. START strength total scores and LSI-R risk estimates were the strongest predictors of recidivism. Total scores and risk estimates did not differ as a function of client race, but there were some differences in accuracy of START vulnerability and LSI-R total scores and risk estimates in predicting jail days (but not arrests), over shorter follow-ups. No such differences were found for START strength total scores across any follow-up period or recidivism measure.}, number={7}, journal={ASSESSMENT}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={1347–1361} }
 @article{van dorn_desmarais_rade_burris_cuddeback_johnson_tueller_comfort_mueser_2017, title={Jail-to-community treatment continuum for adults with co-occurring substance use and mental disorders: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial}, volume={18}, ISSN={1745-6215}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2088-z}, DOI={10.1186/s13063-017-2088-z}, abstractNote={Adults with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (CODs) are overrepresented in jails. In-custody barriers to treatment, including a lack of evidence-based treatment options and the often short periods of incarceration, and limited communication between jails and community-based treatment agencies that can hinder immediate enrollment into community care once released have contributed to a cycle of limited treatment engagement, unaddressed criminogenic risks, and (re)arrest among this vulnerable and high-risk population. This paper describes a study that will develop research and communication protocols and adapt two evidence-based treatments, dual-diagnosis motivational interviewing (DDMI) and integrated group therapy (IGT), for delivery to adults with CODs across a jail-to-community treatment continuum. Adaptations to DDMI and IGT were guided by the Risk-Need-Responsivity model and the National Institute of Corrections’ implementation competencies; the development of the implementation framework and communication protocols were guided by the Evidence-Based Interagency Implementation Model for community corrections and the Inter-organizational Relationship model, respectively. Implementation and evaluation of the protocols and adapted interventions will occur via an open trial and a pilot randomized trial. The clinical intervention consists of two in-jail DDMI sessions and 12 in-community IGT sessions. Twelve adults with CODs and four clinicians will participate in the open trial to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of, and fidelity to, the interventions and research and communication protocols. The pilot controlled trial will be conducted with 60 inmates who will be randomized to either DDMI-IGT or treatment as usual. A baseline assessment will be conducted in jail, and four community-based assessments will be conducted during a 6-month follow-up period. Implementation, clinical, public health, and treatment preference outcomes will be evaluated. Findings have the potential to improve both jail- and community-based treatment services for adults with CODs as well as inform methods for conducting rigorous pilot implementation and evaluation research in correctional settings and as inmates re-enter the community. Findings will contribute to a growing area of work focused on interrupting the cycle of limited treatment engagement, unaddressed criminogenic risks, and (re)arrest among adults with CODs. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02214667 . Registered on 10 August 2014.}, number={1}, journal={Trials}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Van Dorn, Richard A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Burris, Elizabeth N. and Cuddeback, Gary S. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Tueller, Stephen J. and Comfort, Megan L. and Mueser, Kim T.}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
 @article{lowder_desmarais_rade_coffey_van dorn_2017, title={Models of Protection Against Recidivism in Justice-Involved Adults With Mental Illnesses}, volume={44}, ISSN={0093-8548 1552-3594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817710966}, DOI={10.1177/0093854817710966}, abstractNote={Protective factors may play an important role in the assessment, treatment, and supervision of adult offenders with mental illnesses. However, little is known regarding associations between protective factors, risk factors, and recidivism in this population. In research with adolescents, five models describing these associations have been proposed and tested: (a) Compensatory, (b) Buffer, (c) Challenge, (d) Protective-Protective, and (e) Mediation. This study evaluated these models of protection against recidivism in a sample of justice-involved adults with mental illnesses (N = 550). Risk and protective factors were operationalized using Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) assessments. Results showed consistent evidence for the Compensatory model, where risk and protective factors were independently associated with recidivism. In contrast, results failed to provide evidence supporting the other four models. Findings underscore the importance of both risk and protective factors in the assessment, treatment, and supervision of adult offenders.}, number={7}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Coffey, Tim and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={893–911} }
 @article{rade_desmarais_mitchell_2016, title={A Meta-Analysis of Public Attitudes Toward Ex-Offenders}, volume={43}, ISSN={0093-8548 1552-3594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816655837}, DOI={10.1177/0093854816655837}, abstractNote={Ex-offenders face barriers to community reintegration including negative attitudes held by members of the public. This meta-analysis summarizes the extant research on the correlates of public attitudes toward ex-offenders—namely, public, ex-offender, and community characteristics—and the moderating effects of sexual offense history. A systematic search of four databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, National Criminal Justice Reference Service [NCJRS], and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses) identified 19 records, consisting of 9,355 participants. Results revealed small associations between correlate variables and attitudes, suggesting that people are more similar than different in their attitudes toward ex-offenders. Indeed, only political ideology, interpersonal contact, and sexual offense history emerged as significant correlates. Moderation analyses revealed differences in public attitudes toward ex-offenders based upon the year a record was produced. Findings reveal the need for additional research examining moderators of public attitudes toward ex-offenders and suggest that interventions should explore ways to incorporate interpersonal contact and reduce stigma related to criminal histories.}, number={9}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Rade, Candalyn B. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Mitchell, Roger E.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={1260–1280} }
 @article{desmarais_gray_rade_cohn_doherty_knight_2016, title={Medication-assisted treatment and violent outcomes in community-based offenders with alcohol and drug use problems.}, volume={6}, ISSN={2152-081X 2152-0828}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/vio0000047}, DOI={10.1037/vio0000047}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
This study explored medication-assisted treatment (MAT), the combined use of medication and psychosocial treatment, as a strategy for reducing violent outcomes in community-based offenders. The primary aims were to: 1) examine associations between participant characteristics and treatment adherence; 2) examine associations between treatment adherence and substance use; 3) examine associations between treatment adherence and violent outcomes; and 4) determine whether associations between treatment adherence and violent outcomes may be attributable to reductions in substance use.


METHOD
Baseline interviews were completed with 129 male offenders in community-based treatment prior to their first MAT appointment. Follow-up interviews (n = 91) were conducted approximately 90 days later.


RESULTS
Participant age was associated with medication adherence. Medication nonadherence was associated with at least occasional alcohol use, but not drug use. Conversely, missing several counseling sessions was associated with at least occasional drug use, but not alcohol use. Results of multivariable analyses suggested MAT may be effective in reducing violent outcomes, and victimization specifically, through reductions in alcohol use.


CONCLUSION
Findings provide evidence supporting MAT as an intervention for victimization. Continued efforts are needed to explore strategies to promote treatment adherence and reduce violent outcomes in community-based offenders with alcohol and drug use problems.}, number={3}, journal={Psychology of Violence}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Gray, Julie S. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Cohn, Amy M. and Doherty, Stephen and Knight, Kevin}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={378–389} }
 @article{rade_holland_gregory_desmarais_2016, title={Systematic review of religious affiliations and beliefs as correlates of public attitudes toward capital punishment}, volume={30}, ISSN={1478-601X 1478-6028}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2016.1248962}, DOI={10.1080/1478601x.2016.1248962}, abstractNote={Abstract Religious reasons are frequently described as considerations that shape support for or opposition to capital punishment; however, there are many inconsistencies in the literature. This study represents a systematic review of the extant research on religious affiliations and beliefs as correlates of public attitudes toward capital punishment. Searches conducted in five databases identified 33 articles, representing 97,570 respondents. Results revealed that people belonging to Protestant affiliations and with negative images of God were more likely to support capital punishment. People possessing positive images of God and with strong beliefs in compassion were less likely to support capital punishment. The religious correlates commonly assessed in the extant literature, such as fundamentalism, are not significant correlates of attitudes toward capital punishment. Findings also revealed that the predominance of research examined Christian religious affiliations, to the exclusion of other common affiliations, such as Buddhist or Islamic affiliations. Taken together, findings suggest that compared to affiliations, religious beliefs better explain attitudes toward capital punishment. Further research is needed to investigate the ways religious correlates influence death qualified jury selection and capital sentencing decisions. An increased understanding of the nuanced relationship between religion and capital punishment attitudes can better inform capital punishment policy and practice.}, number={1}, journal={Criminal Justice Studies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Rade, Candalyn B. and Holland, Ashley M. and Gregory, Jordan B. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={63–85} }
 @article{rade_desmarais_van dorn_lutnick_kral_lorvick_2015, title={Mental health correlates of drug treatment among women who use methamphetamine}, volume={24}, ISSN={1055-0496}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12279}, DOI={10.1111/ajad.12279}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Women comprise over one-third of people who use methamphetamine in the United States and have a higher prevalence of negative mental health consequences of methamphetamine use than men. Yet, few studies have investigated the mental health correlates of drug treatment among this population. We examined the relationship between mental disorders, mental health treatment, and drug treatment among women who use methamphetamine.


METHODS
We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit women who use methamphetamine (N = 322) for a survey about mental disorders, mental health treatment, drug use and treatment, and sociodemographic factors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.


RESULTS
Bivariate analyses indicated that race/ethnicity, mental health treatment, and presence and number of mental disorders were associated with drug treatment. Multivariable analyses revealed that women who reported mental health treatment during a 6-month period had almost twice the odds of also reporting drug treatment than other women (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.25), after controlling for mental disorders and race/ethnicity.


CONCLUSION
Among women who use methamphetamine, participation in one service system (mental health treatment) is a key factor in increasing the odds of participation in another service system (drug treatment). Further research should establish the temporal association between mental health and drug treatment.


SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE
The present study demonstrates the association between mental health treatment and drug treatment, above and beyond presence or number of mental disorders, and provides direction for drug treatment providers seeking to improve treatment entry and participation among women who use methamphetamine.}, number={7}, journal={The American Journal on Addictions}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Rade, Candalyn B. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Van Dorn, Richard A. and Lutnick, Alexandra and Kral, Alex H. and Lorvick, Jennifer}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={646–653} }