@article{chiuhuang_huang_2015, title={Critical lithiation for C-rate dependent mechanical stresses in LiFePO4}, volume={19}, ISSN={1432-8488 1433-0768}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2836-5}, DOI={10.1007/s10008-015-2836-5}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={ChiuHuang, Cheng-Kai and Huang, Hsiao-Ying Shadow}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={2245–2253} }
 @inproceedings{chiuhuang_zhou_huang_2014, title={Exploring lithium-ion intensity and distribution via a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 2013, vol 10}, author={ChiuHuang, C. K. and Zhou, C. Z. and Huang, H. Y. S.}, year={2014} }
 @article{chiuhuang_zhou_huang_2014, title={In-situ imaging of lithium-ion batteries via the secondary ion mass spectrometry}, volume={5}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine}, author={ChiuHuang, C.-K. and Zhou, C. and Huang, H.-Y. S.}, year={2014} }
 @inproceedings{chiuhuang_zhou_huang_2013, title={Exploring lithium-ion intensity and distribution via a Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy}, DOI={10.1115/imece2013-63013}, abstractNote={For high rate-capability and low cost lithium-ion batteries, the prevention of capacity loss is one of major challenges facing by lithium-ion batteries today. During electrochemical processes, lithium ions diffuse from and insert into battery electrodes accompanied with the phase transformation, where ionic diffusivity and concentration are keys to the resultant battery capacity. In the current study, we first compare voltage vs. capacity curves at different C-rates (1C, 2C, 6C, 10C). Second, lithium-ion distributions and intensity are quantified via the Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The result shows that voltage vs. capacity relations are C-rate dependent and larger hystereses are observed in the higher C-rate samples. Detailed quantification of lithium-ion intensity for the 1C sample is conducted. It is observed that lithium-ions are distributed uniformly inside the electrode. Therefore, the current study provides a qualitative and quantitative data to better understand C-rate dependent phenomenon of LiFePO4 battery cells.Copyright © 2013 by ASME}, booktitle={ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition}, author={ChiuHuang, C.-K. and Zhou, C. and Huang, H.-Y. S.}, year={2013} }
 @inproceedings{chiu huang_stamps_huang_2013, title={Mechanics of diffusion-induced fractures in lithium-ion battery materials}, volume={1541}, booktitle={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings}, author={Chiu Huang, C.-K. and Stamps, M. and Huang, H.-Y. S.}, year={2013} }
 @article{chiuhuang_shadow huang_2013, title={Stress Evolution on the Phase Boundary in LiFePO4Particles}, volume={160}, ISSN={0013-4651 1945-7111}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.079311jes}, DOI={10.1149/2.079311jes}, abstractNote={It is commonly thought that diffusion-induced stress is one of the main factors causing loss of capacity in electrode materials. To understand stress evolution on the phase boundary during the lithiation process, we develop a finite element model adopting lithium ion concentration-dependent anisotropic material properties and volume misfits. Increased mechanical stresses on the phase boundaries are observed during the lithiation process. When the particle is more fully lithiated, larger stresses occur on the free surfaces and these may be related to the cracks on the ac-plane. The C-rate dependent strain energy evolution is also studied. The result shows that with the same amount of lithiation, particles experience different strain energies due to varied C-rate discharging. The high elastic energy from the high C-rate model suggests that the system becomes unstable, and a homogeneous phase transformation path is more plausible for the system. The current study provides a connection between diffusion-induces stresses on the phase boundary and the cracking propensity on free surfaces. Thus, the study could be used to better understand the mechanisms that cause particle fracture and capacity loss. © 2013 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.079311jes] All rights reserved.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, publisher={The Electrochemical Society}, author={ChiuHuang, Cheng-Kai and Shadow Huang, Hsiao-Ying}, year={2013}, pages={A2184–A2188} }
 @inproceedings{chiuhuang_huang_2012, place={Houston, Texas}, title={A Diffusion Model in a Two-Phase Interfacial Zone for Nanoscale Lithium-ion Battery Materials}, DOI={10.1115/imece2012-89235}, abstractNote={The development of lithium-ion batteries plays an important role to stimulate electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV) industries and it is one of many solutions to reduce US oil import dependence. To develop advanced vehicle technologies that use energy more efficiently, retaining the lithium-ion battery capacity is one of major challenges facing by the electrochemical community today. During electrochemical processes, lithium ions diffuse from and insert into nanoscaled cathode materials in which stresses are formed. It is considered that diffusion-induced stress is one of the factors causing electrode material capacity loss and failure. In this study, we present a model which is capable for describing diffusion mechanisms and stress formation in nanoplatelike cathode materials, LiFePO 4 (Lithium-iron-phosphate). We consider particle size >100 nm in this study since it has been suggested that very small nanoparticles (<100 nm) may not undergo phase separation during fast diffusion. To evaluate diffusion-induced stress accurately, factors such as the diffusivity and phase boundary movements are considered. Our result provides quantitative lithium concentrations inside LiFePO 4 nanoparticles. The result could be used for evaluating stress formation and provides potential cues for precursors of capacity loss in lithium-ion batteries. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of lithium ion diffusion in electrode materials, and results from this model help better electrode materials design in lithium-ion batteries.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition}, author={ChiuHuang, Cheng-Kai and Huang, Hsiao-Ying Shadow}, year={2012}, pages={1231–1237} }