@article{himebaugh_passingham_cabot_gaudette_knight_lewbart_armwood_oh_2024, title={Investigating the etiology of ocular changes in Monodactylus argenteus housed in a shoaling ring exhibit}, volume={262}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.05.0346}, DOI={10.2460/javma.24.05.0346}, abstractNote={Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pathologic ocular changes in a population of aquarium-housed Monodactylus argenteus and investigate potential underlying causes for the large number of affected fish in this exhibit. ANIMALS 11 Monodactylus argenteus were evaluated from a shoaling ring exhibit within an aquarium, and 19 control fish without ocular abnormalities were obtained from commercial fish suppliers. METHODS Physical and ocular examinations were performed antemortem. Postmortem samples of liver, heart, dorsal epaxial muscle, and lenses of affected and control fish were analyzed for amino acid profiles. The aqueous humor from affected and control fish was collected postmortem, and osmolality was analyzed. Tissues from affected and control fish were submitted for histopathology. RESULTS Ocular abnormalities in affected fish included corneal lesions, cataracts, lens capsule rupture, and unilateral left-sided lens luxation and buphthalmos. Lens luxation and buphthalmos were directly correlated. Aqueous humor osmolality in control fish differed significantly compared to affected fish but was not correlated to lens abnormality score. Affected fish had significantly lower lens concentrations of arginine, asparagine, glycine, isoleucine, serine, and tyrosine than control fish. One affected fish had severe buphthalmos, cataracts, and panophthalmitis caused by gram-positive cocci. CONCLUSIONS Cataracts and traumatic lesions were common in affected M argenteus . Dietary amino acid content and aqueous humor osmolality imbalances were not likely a cause of the cataracts. Differences in lens amino acid concentrations between affected and control fish may be related to cataract formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Consideration of species-appropriate tank parameters may mitigate ocular lesions including cataracts in aquarium fish.}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Himebaugh, Nicole E. and Passingham, R. Kent and Cabot, Megan L. and Gaudette, Christopher and Knight, LaTisha N. and Lewbart, Gregory A. and Armwood, Abigail R. and Oh, Annie}, year={2024}, month={Aug}, pages={S113–S122} }
 @article{hastain_mumm_ozawa_petritz_gaudette_troan_stowe_2024, title={Osteosarcoma of the wing in a sulfur‐crested cockatoo}, volume={1}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13322}, DOI={10.1111/vcp.13322}, abstractNote={Abstract A 26‐year‐old female sulfur‐crested cockatoo ( Cacatua galerita ) was evaluated for vocalizing through the night and extending her right wing. Physical examination revealed a large, firm mass extending from the humerus to the distal aspect of the elbow. Computed tomography confirmed a large aggressive mass of the right distal humerus with a large soft tissue component, severe osteolysis, and adjacent periosteal proliferation. Fine‐needle aspirates of the mass were most compatible with sarcoma, and osteosarcoma was prioritized. An unstained slide was treated with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride/5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl phosphate toluidine salt‐phosphatase (NBT/BCIP) substrate for ALP detection and was strongly positive, confirming a diagnosis of osteosarcoma. A month later, the patient underwent wing amputation and arrested during recovery from anesthesia. Post‐mortem examination and histopathology were consistent with osteosarcoma. This case report highlights a rare occurrence of osteosarcoma in a cockatoo as well as its cytologic and histologic features. Additionally, this report provides support for NBT/BCIP application in ALP‐expressing tumors, a cytochemical stain that has been minimally investigated in avian species.}, journal={Veterinary Clinical Pathology}, author={Hastain, Sydney A. and Mumm, Lauren and Ozawa, Sarah and Petritz, Olivia and Gaudette, Chris and Troan, Brigid V. and Stowe, Devorah M.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{thomas_gaudette_spiro_dombrowski_ladouceur_2024, title={Presumed hemocytic neoplasms in scorpions}, DOI={10.1177/03009858241257898}, abstractNote={Although neoplasia has been documented in invertebrates, it has not been reported in scorpions. This report describes presumed hemocytic neoplasia in 2 scorpions: a >3-year-old, female emperor scorpion (<i>Pandinus imperator)</i> and a >4-year-old, male, Asian forest scorpion (<i>Heterometrus</i> sp.). The emperor scorpion had a 1-month history of body wall swelling separating the exoskeleton of the caudal opisthosoma. At necropsy, this corresponded to a white mass in the caudal coelom. The forest scorpion was found dead and processed whole for histology, at which point multiple masses were identified in the coelom and invading skeletal muscle. Histologically, both masses were composed of sheets of hemocytes with round to oval nuclei; eosinophilic, periodic acid Schiff-positive, cytoplasmic granules; mild cellular atypia; and low mitotic rates. Features of inflammation (e.g., melanization and nodulation) were not observed. These masses were diagnosed as a hemocytoma (emperor scorpion) and a hemocytic sarcoma (forest scorpion), possibly of plasmatocyte origin.}, journal={Veterinary Pathology}, author={Thomas, Shawn and Gaudette, Christopher and Spiro, Simon and Dombrowski, Daniel S. and LaDouceur, Elise E. B.}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{gaudette_ladouceur_troan_whitehurst_dombrowski_lewbart_linder_passingham_christian_schreeg_2023, title={Retrospective analysis of histologic lesions in captive arachnids}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1177/03009858231162948}, abstractNote={Invertebrates, including arachnids, are a common taxon in zoological collections. Invertebrate medicine and pathology are emerging subspecialties, but there is limited reference material or published resources describing histologic lesions in arachnids. Histopathology of 26 captive arachnids (20 spiders and 6 scorpions) from institutional collections was reviewed. Most animals were found dead with limited clinical signs. Tissues evaluated included body wall (cuticle and epidermis), skeletal muscle, book lungs, digestive tract (pharynx, esophagus, sucking stomach, midgut tube, midgut diverticula, and stercoral pocket), central and peripheral nervous system, heart, hemolymph vessels and sinuses, Malpighian tubules, coxal glands, and gonads. Inflammation was frequent (24/26, 92%), and seen in multiple organs (18/24, 75%) with the midgut diverticulum most commonly affected (14/24, 58%) followed by the book lungs (13/24 arachnids, 54%), and body wall (8/24 arachnids, 33%). Inflammation comprised hemocyte accumulation, hemocytic coagula, melanization, and nodulation. Infectious agents, including bacteria (11/26, 42%), fungi (10/26, 38%), and parasites (2/26, 8%), were seen within inflammatory aggregates. Coinfection with multiple infectious agents was common (6/24, 25%). No etiologic agent was identified in 7/24 (29%) cases with inflammatory lesions. Lesions suggestive of decreased nutritional status or increased metabolic rate included midgut diverticula atrophy in 11/26 (42%) animals and skeletal muscle atrophy in 6/26 (23%) animals. Atrophic lesions were seen in combination with infection (8/11, 73%), pregnancy (2/11, 18%), male sex (2/11, 18%), or without other lesions (1/11, 9%). Other suspected contributors to death included dysecdysis-associated trauma (2/26, 8%) and uterine intussusception (1/26, 4%). No animals had neoplasia.}, journal={Veterinary Pathology}, author={Gaudette, Chris and LaDouceur, Elise E. B. and Troan, Brigid V. and Whitehurst, Nathan and Dombrowski, Daniel S. and Lewbart, Gregory A. and Linder, Keith E. and Passingham, Kent and Christian, Larry S. and Schreeg, Megan E.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{lewbart_colosimo_gaudette_negrão watanabe_parker_sevilla_gerber_gentile_2023, title={When pink is a question: Comparative gross and microscopic skin structure analyses reveal the histological basis of skin colour in Galápagos pink land iguanas (<i>Conolophus marthae</i>)}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1111/azo.12488}, abstractNote={Abstract One of the rarest and most unusual iguanas on the planet is the Galápagos pink land iguana ( Conolophus marthae ). There have been a number of hypotheses on the source of their pink coloration, including that the colour is from blood and a relative lack of dermal pigmentation. We obtained full thickness skin biopsies of three species and compared tissue from darkly pigmented areas and lightly pigmented surfaces. “Pink” areas of pink iguanas are devoid of pigment cells (e.g. melanophores) and the dermal tissue is rich with aggregates of confluent capillaries. This was in sharp contrast to the minimally vascular (only capillaries were observed) dermal areas of the marine and yellow iguanas. The dermal stratum laxum of every biopsy site contained melanophores except for the pink skin of pink iguanas. Interestingly, marine iguanas have a much thicker epidermal stratum germinativum/granulosum, between 2 and 10 cells thick depending on location, compared to the thinner epidermal stratum germinativum/granulosum of land iguanas (one to three cells thick with most areas possessing just one or two cell layers). These microscopic differences might reflect differences in habitat and ecology of the three species.}, journal={Acta Zoologica}, author={Lewbart, Gregory A. and Colosimo, Giuliano and Gaudette, Christopher and Negrão Watanabe, Tatiane T. and Parker, Joshua and Sevilla, Christian and Gerber, Glenn P. and Gentile, Gabriele}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{handberg_gaudette_knutson_nelson_ozawa_2022, title={MRI findings associated with clinical presentation and histopathology in a Mexican redknee tarantula ( <i>Brachypelma hamorii</i> )}, volume={10}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/vrc2.517}, DOI={10.1002/vrc2.517}, abstractNote={Abstract A 15‐year‐old, 9 g, female Mexican redknee tarantula ( Brachypelma hamorii ) presented to the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine with a history of anorexia and weight loss. Physical examination revealed an inability to extend the left chelicera, which was suspected to prevent the tarantula from prehending live prey. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlargement and T2 hyperintensity of the left chelicera. The patient was provided with supplemental feedings and rehydration until it was found deceased more than 8 months after the initial presentation. A postmortem examination was performed, and histopathology showed an area of chronic inflammation at the level of the left chelicera. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used as an antemortem diagnostic tool to identify lesions in tarantulas.}, journal={Veterinary Record Case Reports}, author={Handberg, Elizabeth and Gaudette, Chris and Knutson, Kyra and Nelson, Nathan and Ozawa, Sarah}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }