@article{powers_sit_heinsohn_george_kim_lommel_2008, title={The Red clover necrotic mosaic virus RNA-2 encoded movement protein is a second suppressor of RNA silencing}, volume={381}, ISSN={["0042-6822"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54549091972&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.virol.2008.09.004}, abstractNote={The replication complex of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) has been shown to possess silencing suppression activity. Here a newly developed viral-based assay for the identification of silencing suppression activity was used to provide evidence for a second, mechanistically distinct method of silencing suppression provided for by the RCNMV movement protein (MP). This new assay relies on Turnip crinkle virus with its capsid protein replaced with green fluorescent protein to act as a reporter (TCV-sGFP). In the presence of a protein with silencing suppression activity TCV-sGFP readily moves from cell-to-cell, but in the absence of such a protein TCV-sGFP is confined to small foci of infection. This TCV-sGFP assay was used to identify MP as a suppressor of RNA silencing, to delimit essential amino acids for this activity and uncouple silencing and movement functions.}, number={2}, journal={VIROLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Powers, Jason G. and Sit, Tim L. and Heinsohn, Curtis and George, Carol G. and Kim, Kook-Hyung and Lommel, Steven A.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={277–286} }
 @article{kloos_george_sorge_2005, title={Dark disk color in the flower of Gerbera hybrida is determined by a dominant gene, dc}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.40.7.1992}, abstractNote={The cultivated gerbera daisy [Gerbera hybrida (G. jamesonii Bolus ex Adlam × G. viridifolia Schultz-Bip)] produces flowers that have either a dark (shades of dark brown, brown-black, black-purple, or black) or light (shades of green-yellow, yellow-green, or light yellow) central disk. The dark-centered varieties have increased in popularity over the past 20 years and provided an exciting color contrast, especially in white, yellow, and various pastel-colored flowers. The objective of this investigation was to determine the mode of inheritance of disk color in gerberas. A series of crosses were made to produce PA, PB, F1, F2, BC1A, and BC1B progeny to complete the Mendelian genetic analysis. Phenotypic segregation ratios indicated that dark disk color was determined by a single dominant gene, designated Dc, and the light disk color by a recessive gene, dc. Dominance appeared to be complete in that the disk color was similar in both homozygous and heterozygous Dc plants.}, number={7}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Kloos, WE and George, CG and Sorge, LK}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={1992–1994} }
 @article{kloos_george_sorge_2005, title={Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and leaf macrohair density in Gerbera hybrida}, volume={40}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1246}, abstractNote={The cultivated gerbera daisy [Gerbera hybrida (G. jamesonii Bolus ex Adlam × G. viridifolia Schultz-Bip)] often contracts powdery mildew (PM) when grown under conditions of high humidity. During field and greenhouse performance trials conducted with gerberas of the North Carolina State University collection, two half-sib field plants and two of their greenhouse-grown progeny were identified as being highly resistant to PM caused by Podosphaera (Sphaerotheca) fusca (Fr.) Blumer emend. Braun & Takamatsu. These plants were also unusual in having smooth glossy leaves with very low numbers of bristle macrohairs (MHs) on the adaxial leaf surface compared to wild type. The primary objectives of this investigation were to determine the mode of inheritance of PM resistance and MH density traits and determine if there was a causal relationship between the phenotypes. Parental genotypes were determined by testcrosses to wild-type, PM-susceptible and MH-high-density leaf cultivars. For each trait, a series of crosses were made to produce PA, PB, F1, F2, BC1A, and BC1B progeny. Linkage relationships among PM resistance and MH density loci were examined by testcrosses. Phenotypic segregation ratios suggested the presence of a dominant allele, Pmr1, determining PM resistance and an unlinked dominant allele, Mhd, determining low density of adaxial bristle MHs and moderate reduction in abaxial smooth MHs. The Pmr1 allele appeared to be incompletely dominant in some heterozygotes where one parent was from a highly PM susceptible background. Modifying genes may have some affect on the level of PM resistance or susceptibility. The Mhd allele appeared to be incompletely dominant in some heterozygotes. Segregation ratios indicated that the wild-type alleles were recessive to the PM-resistance and MH-low-density alleles and given the designation pmr1 and mhd, respectively. Density of leaf MHs did not affect PM resistance.}, number={5}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Kloos, WE and George, CG and Sorge, LK}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={1246–1251} }
 @article{callaway_george_lommel_2004, title={A Sobemovirus coat protein gene complements long-distance movement of a coat protein-null Dianthovirus}, volume={330}, ISSN={["0042-6822"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.037}, abstractNote={Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV; genus Dianthovirus) and Turnip rosette virus (TRoV; genus Sobemovirus) are taxonomically and ecologically distinct plant viruses. In addition, the two genera differ in the role of coat protein (CP) in cell-to-cell movement. However, both are small icosahedral viruses requiring CP for systemic movement in the host vasculature. Here, we show that the TRoV CP gene is capable of facilitating the vascular movement of a Dianthovirus. Substitution of the RCNMV CP gene with the TRoV CP gene permits movement of the resulting chimeric virus to non-inoculated leaves. RCNMV lacking a CP gene or containing a non-translatable TRoV CP gene do not move systemically. This report introduces the molecular characterization of TRoV and describes the unprecedented complementation of systemic movement function by intergenic complete substitution of a plant virus CP gene.}, number={1}, journal={VIROLOGY}, author={Callaway, AS and George, CG and Lommel, SA}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={186–195} }
 @article{kloos_george_sorge_2004, title={Inheritance of the flower types of Gerbera hybrida}, volume={129}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.129.6.0802}, abstractNote={Cultivated gerbera daisies [Gerbera hybrida (G. jamesonii Bolus ex Adlam × G. viridifolia Schultz-Bip)] have several different flower types. They include single and crested cultivars that have normal florets with elliptical (ligulate) outer corolla lips and spider cultivars that have florets with laciniated (split) outer corolla lips appearing as several pointed lobes. The objective of this investigation was to determine the mode of inheritance of the major flower types of gerberas in the North Carolina State Univ. collection. The collection contained parents and four generations of progeny representing a wide range of single and crested cultivars and some spider cultivars. Genotypes of parents used in crosses were determined by testcrosses to single-flowered, ligulate floret cultivars similar in phenotype to the wild, parental gerbera species. Testcrosses indicated that the wild type was recessive to the crested and spider flower types and given the genotype crcrspsp. For each of the types, a series of crosses were made to produce PA, PB, F1, F2, BC1A, and BC1B progeny. Allelism was tested operationally by crossing genotypes in all possible combinations and observing single-gene-pair ratios. Linkage relationships among the crested and spider loci were tested using dihybrid crosses and testcrosses. Phenotypic segregation ratios suggested the presence of two dominant alleles, Crd and Cr, determining the enlarged disk and trans floret, male-sterile and enlarged trans floret, male-fertile crested types, respectively, and an unlinked dominant gene, Sp, determining the spider type. Dominance appeared to be incomplete due to the reduction of trans floret length in most Crdcr and Crcr heterozygotes compared to crested homozygotes and the appearance of the quasi-spider type (spider trans and disk florets and ligulate and/or slightly notched ray florets) among certain crested Spsp heterozygotes.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Kloos, WE and George, CG and Sorge, LK}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={802–810} }
 @article{smith_spooner_lyman_george_kloos_anderson_2002, title={Distribution of strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of cows in North Carolina}, volume={41}, number={2002}, journal={Annual Meeting, National Mastitis Council, Inc}, author={Smith, P. and Spooner, C. and Lyman, R. and George, C. and Kloos, W. and Anderson, K.}, year={2002}, pages={233–234} }
 @article{seguin_walker_caron_kloos_george_hollis_jones_pfaller_1999, title={Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in a veterinary teaching hospital: Potential human-to-animal transmission}, volume={37}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, author={Seguin, J. C. and Walker, R. D. and Caron, J. P. and Kloos, W. E. and George, C. G. and Hollis, R. J. and Jones, R. N. and Pfaller, M. A.}, year={1999}, pages={1459–1463} }
 @article{kloos_ballard_george_webster_hubner_ludwig_schleifer_fiedler_schubert_1998, title={Delimiting the genus Staphylococcus through description of Macrococcus caseolyticus gen. nov., comb. nov. and Macrococcus equipercicus sp. nov., Macrococcus bovicus sp. nov. and Macrococcus carouselicus sp. nov.}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0020-7713"]}, DOI={10.1099/00207713-48-3-859}, abstractNote={Four species of the newly proposed genus Macrococcus, namely macrococcus caseolyticus gen. nov., comb. nov. (formerly Staphylococcus caseolyticus Schleifer, Kilpper-Bälz, Fischer, Faller and Endl 1982, 19VP), Macrococcus equipercicus sp. nov., Macrococcus bovicus sp. nov. Macrococcus carouselicus sp. nov., are described on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis comparing 16S rRNA sequences, DNA-DNA liquid hybridization, DNA base composition, normalized ribotype patterns, macrorestriction pattern analysis and estimation of genome size using PFGE, cell wall composition, phenotypic characteristics and plasmid profiles. Compared with their closet relatives, members of the genus Staphylococcus, these organisms demonstrated significantly lower 16S rRNA sequence similarities (93.4-95.3%), higher DNA G+C content (38-45 mol%), absence of cell wall teichoic acids (with the possible exception of M. caseolyticus), unique ribotype pattern types and macrorestriction patterns, smaller genome size (approx. 1500-1800 kb) and generally larger Gram-stained cell size (1.1-2.5% microns in diameter). Macrococci can be distinguished from most species of staphylococci (except Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus vitulus and Staphylococcus lentus) by thier oxidase activity. The four Macrococcus species can be distinguished from one another on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization, ribotype pattern types, macrorestriction patterns and their phenotypic properties, including colony morphology, cell morphology, haemolysins, Staphy Latex agglutination, acid production from a variety of carbohydrates, acetoin production, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, and DNase and urease activities. The type species is M. equipercicus. The type strains of M. equipercicus, M. caseolyticus, M. bovicus and M. carouselicus are ATTCC 51831T (= DD 9350T) ATCC 13548T (= TDD 4508T) (Schleifer et al. 1982, ATCC 51825T (= DD 4516T) and ATCC 51828T (= DD 9348), respectively.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY}, author={Kloos, WE and Ballard, DN and George, CG and Webster, JA and Hubner, RJ and Ludwig, W and Schleifer, KH and Fiedler, F and Schubert, K}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={859–877} }
 @article{kloos_george_olgiate_van pelt_mckinnon_zimmer_muller_weinstein_mirrett_1998, title={Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus subsp. nov., a novel trehalose- and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-negative, novobiocin- and multiple-antibiotic-resistant subspecies isolated from human blood cultures}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0020-7713"]}, DOI={10.1099/00207713-48-3-799}, abstractNote={A new subspecies, Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus, isolated from human blood cultures, a wound, a breast abscess and a catheter tip, is described on the basis of a study of 26 strains isolated between 1989 and 1996. DNA-DNA reassociation reactions, conducted under stringent conditions, and macrorestriction pattern analysis demonstrated that these strains are closely related to previously characterized S. hominis strains isolated from human skin and clinical specimens, but are significantly divergent. S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus can be distinguished from S. hominis (now named S. hominis subsp. hominis) by its combined characteristics of novobiocin resistance and failure to produce acid aerobically from D-trehalose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Furthermore, all 26 strains of the new subspecies are resistant to nalidixic acid, penicillin G, oxacillin, kanamycin and streptomycin, and were either resistant or had intermediate resistance to methicillin and gentamicin. Most strains were also resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Based on a comparison of the sequences of a 1001 bp mecA amplification product from reference methicillin-resistant staphylococci, the mecA gene present in S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus was identified as homologue A, commonly found in S. aureus and many coagulase-negative staphylococcal species. The type strain of S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus is ATCC 700236T. Descriptions of S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus subsp. nov and S. hominis subsp. hominis are given and the description of S. hominis is emended.}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY}, author={Kloos, WE and George, CG and Olgiate, JS and Van Pelt, L and McKinnon, ML and Zimmer, BL and Muller, E and Weinstein, MP and Mirrett, S}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={799–812} }
 @article{goh_santucci_kloos_faltyn_george_driedger_hemmingsen_1997, title={Identification of staphylococcus species and subspecies by the chaperonin 60 gene identification method and reverse checkerboard hybridization}, volume={35}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Clinical Microbiology}, author={Goh, S. H. and Santucci, Z. and Kloos, W. E. and Faltyn, M. and George, C. G. and Driedger, D. and Hemmingsen, S. M.}, year={1997}, pages={3116–3121} }
 @article{shimizu_kloos_berkhoff_george_ballard_1997, title={Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus chromogenes genomic DNA and its taxonomic, epidemiologic and ecologic applications in veterinary medicine}, volume={59}, ISSN={["0916-7250"]}, DOI={10.1292/jvms.59.443}, abstractNote={One hundred and thirty-eight strains of Staphylococcus hyicus and 21 strains of S. chromogenes isolated from animals were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after restriction endonuclease Smal digestion of chromosomal DNA. Eighty-eight strains of S. hyicus from pigs with or without exudative epidermitis (EE) generated 16 to 26 fragments in the size range of < 1 to 485 kb, and yielded 39 different patterns. With regard to the strains from pigs with EE, PFGE patterns differed according to the country of origin. Outbreaks of EE occurring on four separate pig farms in Japan involved S. hyicus with different PFGE patterns. The PFGE patterns shown by S. hyicus strains from 4 kinds of animals were compared. Strains from pigs differed from those isolated from chickens (n = 45; 18 to 24 fragments of < 1 to 425 kb), cows (n = 3; 17 to 19 fragments of < 1 to 475 kb), and goats (n = 2; 16 or 17 fragments of < 1 to 1,125 kb). Also, each of the chicken, cow and goat strains had a host-specific fragment. The results suggest that PFGE analysis might be a useful marker for distinguishing ecovars within S. hyicus. In contrast, strains of S. chromogenes from pigs and cows generated 17 to 24 fragments ranging from < 1 to 545 kb. The PFGE patterns of S. chromogenes strains were more highly conserved than those of S. hyicus. S. chromogenes strains could be distinguished from S. hyicus strains by fragments within the range of 305 to 545 kb. The results indicate that PFGE analysis could be used to distinguish between S. hyicus and S. chromogenes. We conclude that PFGE analysis is a useful tool not only for species or strain identification but also for epidemiologic or ecologic studies of S. hyicus and S. chromogenes.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE}, author={Shimizu, A and Kloos, WE and Berkhoff, HA and George, CG and Ballard, DN}, year={1997}, month={Jun}, pages={443–450} }