@article{hwang_ghalachyan_song_2023, title={Exploring student experiences with a virtual learning environment in an apparel and textiles curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1754-3274"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2022.2158237}, DOI={10.1080/17543266.2022.2158237}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT
 The purpose of this study was to explore how the new virtual learning environment has influenced apparel and textiles students’ learning experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to explore 1) the positive and negative effects of the new virtual learning environment on academic learning, 2) students’ perceptions of online learning tools and 3) students’ perceptions in regard to their employment prospects after graduation and their career in the apparel industry. The results revealed that motivation was a major factor that influenced students to engage in learning in a virtual learning environment. Students found synchronous lectures, guest speakers, and recordings of synchronous lectures to be effective and enhance their sense of social belonging and their motivation. Students also perceived that the job market would be more competitive, and they were underprepared for employment. Suggestions are made for instructors to help increase students’ motivation to learn in a virtual environment.}, number={3}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FASHION DESIGN TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Ghalachyan, Armine and Song, Serena}, year={2023}, month={Sep}, pages={247–256} }
 @article{hwang_jin_linfeng_feng_2023, title={Factors influencing older adults' intention to use virtual fitting room technology during the COVID-19 pandemic}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1758-7433"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-10-2022-0210}, DOI={10.1108/JFMM-10-2022-0210}, abstractNote={PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence older adults' intention to use virtual fitting room technology during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the extended technology acceptance model (TAM).}, journal={JOURNAL OF FASHION MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Jin, Byoungho and Linfeng, Linfeng and Feng, Jing}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{hwang_feng_2023, title={Using 3D virtual fitting room stimuli to enhance older adults' spatial visualization skills}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1552-3934"]}, DOI={10.1111/fcsr.12486}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Feng, Jing}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{hwang_lee_ghalachyan_karpova_2022, title={Student learning about social responsibility in the global textile and apparel industry: the use of video as an instructional tool}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1754-3274"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2021.2004242}, DOI={10.1080/17543266.2021.2004242}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a documentary video in enhancing student understanding of social responsibility (SR) concept in the context of the textile and apparel industry. A total of 61 college students majoring in apparel design and management participated in the study. The students provided open-ended written responses to a set of questions before, during, and after watching the video. The data were analysed using a content analysis. Word frequency analysis using NVivo software was used to corroborate the findings. The results showed that the video was effective in increasing students’ understanding of SR. Further, after watching the video, students demonstrated the willingness to proactively address the SR issues from personal and collective perspectives. The results highlight the effectiveness of video as an instructional tool to help students understand the complex SR concept in the context of the global textile and apparel industry.}, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FASHION DESIGN TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Lee, Youngji and Ghalachyan, Armine and Karpova, Elena}, year={2022}, pages={67–76} }
 @article{hwang_kim_2021, title={Muslim Women’s Purchasing Behaviors Toward Modest Activewear in the United States}, volume={39}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x20926573}, DOI={10.1177/0887302x20926573}, abstractNote={This study examines Muslim women’s purchasing behaviors toward modest activewear in the United States and tests the underlying mechanism of intent to purchase activewear, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A sample of veiled Muslim women ( N = 328) participated in this study. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that perceived aesthetic attributes and compatibility with regard to apparel functionality, expressiveness, and aesthetics are significant predictors of attitude toward purchasing activewear. Attitude and subjective norm are significantly related to intent to purchase modest activewear, and religiosity indirectly influences purchase intention through the social norm. This research extends the TPB and contributes to the growing body of research on Muslim consumers’ purchasing behavior and to the growing modest apparel market and pro-hijab movement in the industry.}, number={3}, journal={Clothing and Textiles Research Journal}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Kim, Tae Ho}, year={2021}, month={Jul}, pages={175–189} }
 @article{nelson_hwang_2021, title={The queering of the apparel industry: Exploring transgender consumer needs when shopping for clothing}, volume={8}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00082_1}, DOI={10.1386/fspc_00082_1}, abstractNote={For individuals who identify as queer, the concept of ‘men’s’ and ‘women’s’ clothing departments is often not ideal and does not align with their values, role or body image. This study explores transgender consumers’ experiences and needs when shopping for clothing and provides suggestions on how apparel retailers can promote a more inclusive apparel shopping experience. Four themes surfaced as participants in this study discussed their apparel shopping experiences: (a) inclusivity throughout store layout and interaction with retail sales staff, (b) gender-affirming clothes that positively influence role and self-esteem, (c) non-restrictive garment fit and compression, and (d) interest in inclusive androgynous styles and aesthetic qualities from queer artists to benefit the queer community. In this study, the concept of trans-inclusive is used as a way of welcoming and implementing the idea of apparel and fashion beyond cisnormative identities, and also as a way to advocate for inclusivity in all consumer markets. This research provides insights for the apparel industry on what is needed for this emerging market of queer individuals and promotes a more inclusive apparel shopping experience.}, number={2}, journal={Fashion, Style & Popular Culture}, publisher={Intellect}, author={Nelson, Audrey L. and Hwang, Chanmi}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={233–245} }
 @article{hudson_hwang_2020, title={Application of 3D Prototyping to Promote Size-Inclusive Design Practices for Plus-Size Apparel}, volume={8}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2020.1804152}, DOI={10.1080/17569370.2020.1804152}, abstractNote={Abstract Although innovative computer-aided design tools offer opportunities for advancing size-inclusive apparel design, minimal design research has been conducted to document the applications of these technologies. The purpose of this study is to identify plus-size women’s needs through mixed method research and to integrate 3D prototyping technology to enhance plus-size apparel design. The research includes a) an online survey of plus-size consumers and market analysis to identify clothing needs and perceived problems, and b) development of a virtual and physical prototype through technology integration methods. This study responds to current needs to enhance apparel design for plus-size consumers; the integration of 3D prototyping and the functional, expressive, and aesthetic (FEA) process is a novel approach that places plus-size women at the center of the model. Results from this study may also provide practical guidelines for designers and students with limited knowledge of plus-size women’s body types and bolster their interest in designing for larger body figures to promote a sense of inclusivity.}, journal={Fashion Practice}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hudson, Keena and Hwang, Chanmi}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1–21} }
 @inbook{hwang_zhang_2020, title={Innovative Sustainable Apparel Design: Application of CAD and Redesign Process}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37929-2_5}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-030-37929-2_5}, abstractNote={This chapter aims to provide insights for designers, researchers, and educators seeking innovative ways to practice redesign activities within sustainable apparel design methods. The authors of the chapter present theoretical concepts for upcycling and applications of redesigning practices using innovative technologies, including laser etching and cutting, digital textile printing, and pattern digitizing through virtual computer-aided design (CAD) methods. The researchers further discuss a sustainable redesign framework that highlights the use of CAD and sequentially presents three design examples using (a) post-consumer textile waste (leather and silk) by an engineering laser cutting technique, (b) post-industrial waste (denim) by an engineering laser etching technique, and (c) post-consumer textile waste (denim) by pattern digitizing and engineering digital textile printing techniques. The presented redesign methods are sustainable as they reduce waste and increase efficiency for surface design and garment construction processes. The chapter concludes with some challenges of the redesigning process and suggested solutions suggestions for redesigning at micro and macro levels of the apparel industry.}, booktitle={Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry}, publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Zhang, Ling}, year={2020}, pages={87–107} }
 @article{hwang_mccoy_shaw_2020, title={Redesigning Maternity Hospital Gowns}, volume={8}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2020.1794317}, DOI={10.1080/17569370.2020.1794317}, abstractNote={Abstract In the United States, maternity hospital gowns are usually designed to be a one-size-fits-all garment with full back openings that are physically and emotionally uncomfortable, immodest, and not functional. The purpose of this research is to understand the design requirements of patients and practitioners in order to redesign a functional maternity hospital gown. The researchers applied user-centered design (UCD) methods to develop a prototype based on data from market research and focus group interviews conducted in the Pacific Northwest. The researchers created a two-piece knit maternity hospital gown with an adjustable waist and a washable nursing breast pad insert system that contributes to the gown’s overall fit, mobility, closure access, modesty, and tactile comfort. Through wear testing and an online survey, the new prototype was found to be successful in enhancing physical and psychological comfort throughout different stages of labor and postpartum, resulting in a novel maternity gown concept that improves current design deficiencies and addresses the needs of both patients and practitioners.}, journal={Fashion Practice}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and McCoy, Lindsay and Shaw, Michele R.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1–20} }
 @article{hwang_kim_2020, title={Religiosity and modesty: how veiled Muslim women in the United States define modest activewear}, volume={13}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2020.1753246}, DOI={10.1080/17543266.2020.1753246}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore 1) how veiled Muslim in the United States define modest activewear and their barriers to purchasing this clothing, and 2) how consumers' purchasing behaviors differ in accordance with the extent of religiosity (high vs. low), based on the extended theory of planned behavior. The most important attribute of modest activewear for the women participating was appropriate concealment, in terms of longer length, loose fit, and fabric thickness. The study found that the level of religiosity influenced consumers' purchasing behaviors. The findings suggest that there is a need for designing a range of appropriate modest clothing targeting both casual and devout Muslim women, and to contribute to the understanding of this growing consumer segment so that activewear brands can better design their products to appeal to Muslim women's standards and needs.}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Kim, Tae Ho}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={131–139} }
 @article{lee_hwang_baytar_2019, title={Exploring apparel design and fit for older women: a technology intervention}, volume={12}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2018.1496482}, DOI={10.1080/17543266.2018.1496482}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT With the rapid growth of the older population, older women represent high purchasing power in the fashion market. However, the lack of attention from the fashion industry makes older women hard to find appropriate apparel in terms of fit and style. The purpose of this study was to explore ways to improve apparel fit and design attributes for older women by investigating practical design applications through the use of various emerging technology in the apparel industry. Findings indicated that integrating 2D and 3D computer-aided design technologies into the apparel design process can provide flexibility and effective visual analysis as well as save time and materials compared to the traditional design method of cut and sew. Therefore, our study presented a case for a particular target population in terms of technology integration methods to better respond to the current needs.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Lee, Youngji and Hwang, Chanmi and Baytar, Fatma}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={86–95} }
 @article{shaheen_hwang_2019, title={Hijab and modesty: Muslim religious identity expression among Egyptian women in the United States}, volume={6}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cc_00010_1}, DOI={10.1386/cc_00010_1}, abstractNote={This study explored the symbolic meaning of modest dress, generally referred to as hijab, to Egyptian Muslim women living in the United States. In the diaspora, women need to integrate the requirements for religious modesty when shopping for western apparel that is not designed to align with their values of modesty. Face-to-face, in-depth interviews with photo-elicitation were conducted with ten veiled Muslim women to explore the symbolic meaning of hijab and their views on modest clothing as it relates to religiosity. Three themes surfaced as the participants discussed their experiences: (1) intrinsic and extrinsic values of hijab – adapting to US norms, (2) the accessibility and attributes of modest clothing and (3) defining modest hijab based on religiosity – three types. The findings of this study may help non-Muslims understand the symbolic message of hijab and the different types of modest clothing related to religiosity.}, number={2}, journal={Clothing Cultures}, publisher={Intellect}, author={Shaheen, Manal and Hwang, Chanmi}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={163–177} }
 @article{hwang_liu_salusso_2019, title={Social responsibility initiative: examining the influence of a collaborative service learning project on student learning}, volume={12}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2019.1652854}, DOI={10.1080/17543266.2019.1652854}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to examine how a collaborative service learning project (CSL) influenced student learning experience. Specific research objectives were to (a) examine student learning experience related to a CSL project, (b) examine how service learning, civic responsibility, and enjoyment influence student academic development, and (c) propose a social responsibility initiative framework for a multi-class CSL project. The findings show that project-based service-learning experience results in both cognitive and affective dimensions of learning where affective dimensions of perceived enjoyment, service learning, and civic responsibility positively influenced academic development. This demonstration project may provide guidance for educators in identifying service learning projects that could expand student learning and also enhance the capacity to foster social responsibility initiatives in their apparel and textile curriculum.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Liu, Hang and Salusso, Carol J.}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={356–363} }
 @article{shin_zhang_hwang_baytar_2019, title={The role of visual and verbal information on the functionality of shapewear in female consumers’ online purchase decisions}, volume={27}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.29049/rjcc.2019.27.6.539}, DOI={10.29049/rjcc.2019.27.6.539}, abstractNote={The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of information on shapewear’s functionality in consumers’ purchase decisions in an online shopping context. Through two steps of stimulus development process, four mock websites were developed to conduct a main study. In the main study, a 2 (visual information: absent vs. present images of the shapewear’s functionality) x 2 (verbal information: absent vs. present descriptions of the shapewear’s functionality) between-subject factorial design was employed to examine the impact of visual and verbal information regarding the functionality of shapewear on the consumer decision-making process (i.e., attitudes and purchase intentions). The results showed that verbal information about how shapewear reduces the size of specific body parts (i.e., waist, abdomen, hips, and thighs) were effective in increasing perceived attractiveness in an online context, which increased attitudes and purchase intentions. In addition, attitudes toward the shapewear mediated the effects of expected physical attractiveness on purchase intentions. The results of this study provided empirical support for the importance of expected physical attractiveness in consumers’ online purchase decision on shapewear and useful managerial implications for enhancing the effectiveness of online shapewear presentations by including descriptions of the functionality of shapewear in decreasing the size of body parts.}, number={6}, journal={The Research Journal of the Costume Culture}, publisher={The Research Journal of the Costume Culture}, author={Shin, Eonyou and Zhang, Ling and Hwang, Chanmi and Baytar, Fatma}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={539–552} }
 @article{hwang_zhang_rorah_thompson_sanders_2018, title={Efficacy of critiques in an apparel design studio}, volume={11}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2017.1389995}, DOI={10.1080/17543266.2017.1389995}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Critique is a central feature in the discipline of apparel design and product development. Thus, this study examined student-generated responses regarding their learning experiences with three different critique methods: (a) group critique, (b) peer critique and (c) desk critique with instructor. A convenient sample of 40 students enrolled in an introductory design studio at a Midwest university participated in each critique session in the course of three projects throughout the semester. An online survey with closed and open-ended questions was conducted followed by each critique. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted for data analysis. Results showed that students’ perceived learning experiences, work improved and motivation increased through critiques with honest feedback. The findings confirm the importance of both instructor-led and student-led critiques. Strategically, instructors can integrate the efficacy of each critique method into course projects, thus, incorporating activity theory into the curriculum.}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Zhang, Ling and Rorah, Whitney and Thompson, Katie and Sanders, Eulanda A.}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={223–232} }
 @article{zhang_shin_hwang_baytar_2017, title={The use of 3D body scanning technology to assess the effectiveness of shapewear: changes in body shape and attractiveness}, volume={10}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2016.1225824}, DOI={10.1080/17543266.2016.1225824}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study investigated the effectiveness of shapewear by examining changes in body shape (CBS) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) using 3D body scanning technologies and by exploring an understanding of individuals’ perceived body shape and body attractiveness. Using a mixed methods research design, a total of 24 female respondents participated in one of two sessions: quantitative session (n = 13) and follow-up qualitative session (n = 11). The results showed that measured CBS were inconsistent with the perceived CBS: a majority of the participants perceived CBS because wearing a shapewear helped them get closer to an hourglass shape and become straighter in the posture, which were not corresponding to the body measurements. Furthermore, significantly lower WHR was partially consistent to perceived attractiveness in general. However, a few participants perceived their bodies as more attractive although their WHR were not changed or even increased.}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Zhang, Ling and Shin, Eonyou and Hwang, Chanmi and Baytar, Fatma}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={190–199} }
 @article{hwang_chung_sanders_2016, title={Attitudes and Purchase Intentions for Smart Clothing}, volume={34}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x16646447}, DOI={10.1177/0887302x16646447}, abstractNote={ This research extends the technology acceptance model with apparel design attributes and examines factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of smart clothing, specifically, solar-powered clothing. A random sample of college students and faculty ( N = 720) participated in this study. Results from structural equation modeling reveal that perceived usefulness is the strongest predictor of attitude and purchase intention. Perceived compatibility is the strongest predictor of perceived usefulness, and along with perceived comfort, it determines perceptions of usefulness, ease of use, and performance risk. Perceived performance risk, aesthetic attributes, and environmental concern are significant predictors of attitude. This research validates the technology acceptance model in explaining new technology adoption in clothing and confirms the importance of multiple dimensions of smart clothing. Retailers can emphasize the shift from a technical concern to a user-centered one by highlighting utilitarian aspects of clothing and providing compatible and aesthetically appealing design features that interconnects functionality, expressiveness, and aesthetics (FEA) consumer needs. }, number={3}, journal={Clothing and Textiles Research Journal}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Chung, Te-Lin and Sanders, Eulanda A.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={207–222} }
 @article{hwang_lee_diddi_karpova_2016, title={“Don’t buy this jacket”}, volume={20}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-12-2014-0087}, DOI={10.1108/jfmm-12-2014-0087}, abstractNote={
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of anti-consumption advertisement on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions (PIs) of an apparel product.
}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Hwang, Chanmi and Lee, Youngji and Diddi, Sonali and Karpova, Elena}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={435–452} }
 @article{baby boomers' acceptance of solar-powered clothing _2015, journal={Fashion of Mature People: Intelligence Fashion Function Trend}, year={2015} }
 @article{hwang_lee_diddi_2015, title={Generation Y's moral obligation and purchase intentions for organic, fair-trade, and recycled apparel products}, volume={8}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2014.996917}, DOI={10.1080/17543266.2014.996917}, abstractNote={This study examined Generation Y (Gen Y)’s knowledge, attitudes, moral obligation, and purchase intentions for apparel products with the corporate social responsibility (CSR) attributes of being organic, fair trade, and recyclable. An online survey methodology including open- and closed-ended questions was implemented. A convenience sample of 442 responses was obtained from one US Midwestern institution and used for data analyses. The results of content analysis showed that Gen Y had a lack of knowledge regarding apparel with CSR attributes, specifically those pertaining to fair-trade products. The results of independent samples’ t-test and multiple linear regressions confirmed positive significant effects of moral obligation on purchase intentions, with females having significantly higher levels of moral obligation and attitudes towards purchasing apparel products made of organic materials, fair-trade label, and recycled materials. Findings provide insights into Gen Y as ethical consumers that can lead to future growth of CSR promotions in the apparel industry.}, number={2}, journal={International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Hwang, Chanmi G. and Lee, Young-A and Diddi, Sonali}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={97–107} }